6.

hm in a n r e
p h o d u e ti on

MALE
prostate

÷:¥É÷÷t
>
ureter

"" > rectum

pelvic bone

penis r
<
" > seminal vesicle

urethra c
> anus

<
>
sperm duct Cos deferans )
glans ✓

(tip of penis
)
testes L

TESTES •
the male gonad
• produce sperm in seminiferous tubular

• produces the male sex hormone (Testosterone )

EPIDIDYMIS •
sperm are stored and matured here .

(sperm duct )
VAS DEFERANS to from epididymis urethra Peristalsis
•
transport sperm to the
by

SEMINAL VESICLE .
adds seminal fluids to the sperm

produce seminal fluid that nourishes and transport sperm

nourish the
PROSTATE •
adds most of the semen
including carbon
hydrates to
sperm

urine
URETHRA •
transports Selmer out of the body

PENIS that becomes errect due to with blood to facilitate

•
an
organ engorment
ejaculation urination ,
erection & ejaculation
SCROTUM sack of skin to hold testis outside the
body for production
.
optimum sperm
 ureter
>

bladder
>

¥¥÷
seminal

vesicles vas deferens

÷:
"
"

. .

penis <

>
epididymis

glans <

FEMALE

fallopian tube ( oviduct)

⇐
endometrium L

vagina
ETH
c s
>

cervix
>
ovary

uterus (womb )
 pÉÉ¥i→
" ""

µ
ovary r

endometrium <

bladders

pelvic bone <

L J vagina
urethra

•
OVARY produces and secretes estrogen
produces and releases ovum ( ova )
produces and secretes progesterone

FALLOPIAN TUBE
transports from to uterus
•
ovum
ovary
fertilisation occurs in oviducts

UTERUS muscular where implantation and fetus development happens

•
organ
if
pregnancy occurs

•
ENDOMETRIUM highly vascular tissue needed for
implantation of
embryo

CERVIX allows into the uterus

• -

sperm

provides for childbirth

pathway

•
VAGINA allows for sexual intercourse

receives semen
 How a fetus becomes male or female ?

the first 8 weeks of

gender
•
in
development ,
the fetus has no

•
X chromosome has
genes
for
estrogen production
Y chromosome has for testosterone production
• genes

the hormones then determine the

gender development

ESTROGEN TESTOSTERONE

•
breast enlarge •
growth of facial
,
chest ,

•
start of menstrual cycle pubic hair

of of
•
widening hips • enlargement larynx

•
widening of
thighs • enlargement of
penis

• pubic hair •
increase in muscle mass

•Spermpnductiorf
characteristics
secondary sexual

caused by sex hormones

 MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• Hypothalamus in the brain controls the menstrual cycle

used control the menstrual
•
Hormones are to
cycle .

Hypothalamus
feedback >
rnegqg.ve
Gonadotropin releasing hormones
yg

pegaÑ° ✓ ( GnRH ) edgy,

Pituitary gland

latinizing hormone ( LH ) Follicle stimulating hormone ( Fst )

L V

Ovaries

estrogen progesterone
v ✓
Endomentrium

Rupturing follicle

( ovulation )

primary
follicle

Mature vesicular
primordial
follicle
follicle secondary
follicle
 FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES

of
• Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes the release FSH and LH
by
( GnRH ) the
pituitary gland

•
Luteinizing hormone : affects ovaries

{ )
( LH ) increases levels cause ovulation (release of an ovum

Follicle hormone maturation of follicles

•
stimulating : causes the into an ovum

( FSH )

FSH LH and
+
together cause ovaries to release
progesterone estrogen

and
•
Estrogen : causes the
repair thickening of the endometrium

sexual during puberty females

causes
secondary characteristics in

causes fetus to become female

•
Progesterone maintains the endometrium

Luteinizing Hormone

i÷i
÷Hi÷:÷÷÷÷i
•

ovulation
 FERTILITY
'

unable to
reproduce
females who
>
cannot ovulate
normally

>
females with blocked fallopian tubes

> males with

sperm count

> mates with

impotence (failure to
get an erection )

( in glass )
IVF IN Vino FERTILISATION

•
fertilisation happens outside the
body
•
female is
given hormones (LH + FSH ) to cause
superovulation
•
Ova is collected

•
in a lab fertilisation happens
•
fertilised ova are put into uterus

few ova
implant