Human Reproductive System

Week-2
Mark Angelo C. Austria
True or False: Bellringer Questions
All females have menstrual cramps
F during their period.
Sperm and semen are the same
F thing.
A boy’s breasts can get bigger and
T become sore during puberty.

T The hormone testosterone

causes a boy’s voice to deepen.
True or False: Bellringer Questions
You cannot go swimming when a
F female has her period.

Boys undergo puberty at the same

F
time as girls?
The testicles will shrink in cold wa-
T
ter.
A female cannot get pregnant be-
F
fore she has her first period.
True or False: Bellringer Questions
A male’s sperm lives less than one
F day inside a women
All methods of birth control protect
F
against STDs.

F All male’s have nocturnal emissions.

Females are more emotional during

T
their period.
Male Reproductive
System
• Organs
• Functions
Male Reproductive System

1. Scrotum
• loose pouch-like sac of skin
• protects the testicles

3. Epididymis
Epididymis • long coiled tube on the
posterior of
Scrotum
each testis
• stores sperm cell until
maturity
Male Reproductive System 2. Testicles (testes)
• oval organs about the size of
XL olives
• produce testosterone and
sperm cells
a. Leydig cells
• testosterone

Testis b. Seminiferous Tubule

• spermatogonial stem cell
produce spermatozoa (sperm)
Male Reproductive System
4. Vas Deferens
• long muscular tube that travels from
the epididymis into pelvic cavity.
• transports mature sperm to the
urethra
5. Cowper’s Gland
Rectum •
pea-sized structures located on the
Cowper’s
Epididymis gland sides of the urethra just below the
Testis Vas prostate gland
Deferens
Scrotum • Secretes a viscous and clear fluid to
neutralize any acidity in the
urethra.
 Male Reproductive System
7. Seminal Vesicle
Seminal • The sac-like glands that lie behind the
Urinary bladder Vesicle
bladder
Prostate Gland
• release a fluid that forms part of
semen. transports mature sperm
to the urethra

Rectum
9. Prostate gland
• a walnut-sized structure that’s located
Cowper’s
Epididymis gland below the urinary bladder in
Testis Vas front of the rectum.
Deferens
Scrotum • prostate fluids also help to nourish the
sperm
Male Reproductive System
Urinary Seminal
bladder Vesicle 10. Urethra
Prostate
Gland • tube that carries urine from
the bladder to outside
Urethra of your body
• in males, expelling
Rectum (ejaculating) semen when
Epididymis
Cowper’s
gland
you reach orgasm.
Testis Vas
Deferens
Scrotum
 Male Reproductive System
Urinary
bladder
Seminal
Vesicle
11. Penis
Prostate
Gland
• is the male organ for sexual
intercourse.
Urethra
• it has 3 parts:
a) The root - attaches to the
Penis
Rectum wall of your abdomen
Cowper’s
b) The shaft - tube or cylinder,
Epididymis gland
the body of the penis
Testis Vas

Scrotum
Deferens c) The glans - called the head
of the penis
 Male Reproductive System

Urinary bladder
Seminal Vesicle
Prostate Gland

Urethra
Penis
Rectum

Epididymis Cowper’s gland

Testis
Vas Deferens
Scrotum
 Concerns for Males

Prostate Cancer • One of the most common cancers among men in

America. 8 of 10 Men diagnosed are over 65.

Hernia • Part of intestine bulge through abdominal wall.

Sterility • Oligospermia “ Mumps ”

Female Reproductive
System
• Organs
• Functions
 Female Reproductive System

Urethra
• tube that carries urine from the
bladder to outside of your body
1. Vagina
• a canal that joins the cervix (the lower
part of uterus) to the outside of the
Cervix
body. It also is known as the birth
canal
2. Cervix
Vagina
• acts as the door to the uterus which
Urethra
sperm can travel through to fertilize
eggs
 Female Reproductive System

3. Endometrium
• inner layer that lines the uterus. It is
made up of glandular cells that make
Ovary secretions.
Endometrium • each month, the endometrium
Cervix thickens and renews itself,
preparing for pregnancy.
Vagina 4. Ovaries
Urethra • small, oval-shaped glands that are
located on either side of the uterus.
• female glands in which eggs and
hormones are produced.
 Female Reproductive System

Fallopian
Tube 5. Fimbriae
• finger-like, ciliated projections
Fimbriae
which capture the ovum from
Ovary the surface of the ovary.
Endometrium
6. Fallopian tubes
Cervix
• narrow tubes that are attached
to the upper part of the uterus
Vagina • serve as pathways for the
Urethra ova (egg cells) to travel
from the ovaries to the
uterus.
 Female Reproductive System

Uterus
Fallopian 7. Uterus
Tube
• The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped
organ that is the home to a
Fimbriae developing fetus.
Ovary
• has 3 main function:
Endometrium

Cervix
a. Mechanical protection
b. Nutritional support
c. Waste Removal
Vagina
• has 3 layers:
Urethra
a. Endometrium
b. Myometrium
c. Perimetrium
Female Reproductive System Uterus (womb)

Endometrium
• inner layer that lines the uterus. It is made up
of glandular cells that make secretions.
• each month, the endometrium thickens and
renews itself, preparing for pregnancy.
Myometrium
• middle and thickest layer of the uterus wall.
It is made up mostly of smooth muscle.
• main function is to induce uterine contractions

Perimetrium
• outer serous layer of the uterus.
• secretes a lubricating fluid that helps to
reduce friction.
 Female Reproductive System

Uterus
Fallopian Fallopian
Tube Tube

Fimbriae
Ovary Ovary

Endometrium

Cervix

Vagina

Urethra
 Concerns for Females

Sterility • Unable to conceive and give birth

Breast Cancer • First-degree relatives, over 50, no pregnancies.

• Over 150 symptoms over 40 million at a time

PMS
or experiencing PMS.

Toxic Shock • Flu-like symptoms. Staphylococcus aureus = staff

Syndrome (TSS) infection
 Embryonic Development
D

Terms to Remember
D
 Embryonic Development

• series of orderly, precise steps that transform a zygote

Development into a multicellular embryo.

Includes: 1. cell division

2. cell growth
3. cell differentiation

~changing of unspecialized embryonic cells into specialized

cells, tissues,& organs
 Conception & Implantation

Fertilization • union of a male sperm and female’s egg

• fertilized egg cell that results from the union of

Zygote
a male and female gamete. (Day 1-4)
 Early Embryonic Development

Cleavage • is the first major phase of embryonic development

• It is the rapid succession of cell divisions (mitotic)

Morula • is a mass of 16 totipotent cells in a spherical shape

• (Day 3-4)

Blastocyst • cluster of cells characterized by hallow center.

(Day 4-6)
 Embryonic Development
• is the second major phase of embryonic development.
Gastrulation • embryo is transformed from the blastula into the gastrula.
• Changes embryo from a single layer of cells to multiple
layers of cells.
• It sorts all cells into three distinct cell layers

3 layers 1. Ectoderm, the outer layer

2. Endoderm, an embryonic digestive tract
3. Mesoderm, which partly fills the space between the ec-
toderm and endoderm
 Embryonic Development

 Organs start to form after gastrulation

 Embryonic tissue layers begin to differentiate into specific tissues
and organ systems
 Organogenesis is the process by which the three germ tissue
layers of the embryo, which are the ectoderm, endoderm,
and mesoderm, develop into the internal organs of the organism.
 Embryonic Development
 Organogenesis
• eventually they develop into the skin
Ectoderm cells
and nervous tissue of the animal

• develop into the lining of the animal’s

Endoderm cells
digestive tract and into organs
associated with digestion.

• develop into the muscles, circulatory

Mesoderm cells
system, excretory system, and, in
some animals, the respiratory sys-
tem.
 Performance#2.1 – Infographics
1. Embryonic development 3. Organogenesis
Fertilization, cleavage, blastula Ectoderm, endoderm and
formation, gastrulation, neurulation mesoderm
and organogenesis.

2.1. Types of Twins

4. Plant life Cycle
Monozygotic and Dizygotic
2.2. Type of Cells Sporophyte and Gameto-
phyte
Totipotent and Pluripotent

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Performance#2.2 – Poster Card
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