Human reproduct ion

Structure of sperm and ovum

-Sperm: tail for mobility + streamlined,
head of sperm has enzyme to dissolve
way into egg, mitochondria for
respiration
-Ovum: rich energy source in yolk, jelly
layer for protection which hardens when
egg fertilised, very large to provide
enough nutrients

Female reproductive system Part Function

Ovary Female reproductive organ-

produces eggs and hormones
involved in menstrual cycle

Fallopian Egg travels through it (wafted by

tube cilia) towards the uterus and fertilised
here

Uterus Muscular sac in which baby develops

Cervix Muscular region dividing uterus from

vagina

- Urethra from bladder opens to vulva (in front of Vagina Holds penis during intercourse, birth
vagina) canal

Male reproductive system

Part Function

Penis Male reproductive organ through which

sperm ejaculated

Testicle Where sperm and hormone (testosterone)

produced, located outside body to remain
cooler

Epididymis Tubes in which sperm mature + stored

Vas deferens Ducts sperm travel through from testes

Prostate Secretes milky alkali fluid to neutralise acid

gland in vagina
- Testes (where sperm produced) in
scrotum Seminal Produces + secretes a fluid to nourish
- Two sperm ducts, one from each testis vesicle sperm
- Penis consists of tissue with many blood
spaces: erectile tissue Bladder Stores urine

Urethra Tube through which semen and urine

expelled

1
Puberty
Changes in girls Changes in boys

Menstrual cycle begins → egg released each month Sperm production starts

Growth and development of sexual organs

Growth of armpit + pubic hair Growth of armpit + pubic + chest + facial

hair

Increase in body mass

Development of breasts and rounded shape to hips Growth of muscles (e.g. Chest)

Voice deepens. No ʻbreakingʼ Voice breaks

Sexual driveʼ develops

Menstruation
- As ovum matures, cells around it in ovary divide to produce fluid filled sac: follicle
- When follicle mature, projects from surface of ovary like blister
- Ovary’s increasing oestrogen levels cause follicle to burst and release ovum
- Day 14: follicle released, progesterone begins to be produced
- Follicle → corpus luteum (produced progesterone)
- Oestrogen and progesterone maintain uterus lining
- If ovum not fertilised → progesterone and oestrogen levels fall → lining starts to break down

- Oestrogen (produced by follicle): causes uterine lining to thicken, stimulates egg release
- Progesterone (produced by corpus luteum): further develops + maintains uterine lining