Beside the components of disaster management cycle; the personnel performing them must have

certain skills to complete each of the four components. Some skills may be highly technical.
However, general skills are also required, and it is called employability skills.

One of these skills is Planning and Organizing. This involves the ability to identify what is required in
a given situation and to manage people and resources effectively to achieve results. For
example, 2000’famine in Ethiopia had a death of 1.2 million and 400000 refugees outside the
country. So, Ethiopia planned to fight famine before it starts. The government with World Bank
support will distribute coarse grains, such as millet and corn, in addition to the basic staples, rice and
wheat. Coarse grains are highly nutritious; and having them in a large quantity can prevent having
another famine. Also, they are highly resistant to climate-induced stresses in case of hazards. This
plan is very useful, and it can help a lot in the up-coming events.

The second skill is Technology. This involves being able to keep abreast of current technology and
apply it to problems. It has been employed to fast track disaster relief efforts. For instance, An
earthquake occurred in India. The most affected area was Haiti. The government counted 300,000
deaths and thousands were displaced. After this, (Airborne Ladder Imaging Research Testbed) was
invented. ALIRT is a technology that can produce high-resolution 3D renderings of infrastructure.
This can help to identify population changes at displaced persons camps, helicopter landing zones
and road travel conditions and can help aid agencies to effectively dispatch vital resources, like tents
and blankets. ALIRT has been in use in India since the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Another skill is Teamwork. This involves working well with others to achieve results and recognizing
the value of other people's contributions and ideas. It is crucial to overcome disasters either with the
help of different agencies from the country itself or from other countries. For example, the
population of Herat, Afghanistan is facing devastation following 2018’flood. More than 250,000
people were affected by the flooding and the population is facing the risk of the spread of water-
borne diseases. Because of this, the Canadian Humanitarian Assistance Fund worked to improve
access to clean drinking water and water for irrigation in Herat.  The main disaster response
activities include the rehabilitation of damaged water sources.

One more skill is Communication. It is the most sought-after skill by employers and involves
elements such as being a good listener and expressing yourself clearly. Recovery communication
includes sending, gathering, managing and evaluating information. For example, After the Great East
Japan Earthquake’2011, the problems encountered with communication devices were examined.
After the earthquake, the use of mobile phones, and laptop computers was poor. So, Trilogy
Emergency Relief Application was developed in response to the Earthquake. TERA is an SMS text-
system designed for two-way communication between aid agencies and people affected by
disasters. It also enables mobile phones to communicate directly with each other even when there is
no network coverage.

Additional skill is Problem solving. This involves being able to offer a solution to a problem by
analyzing a situation and working out how to arrive at a favorable outcome. Just like what happened
in Japan; On March’2011 a devastating tsunami struck the northern Pacific coast of Japan, and
completely destroyed many communities, particularly in Miyagi. The tsunami affected 602200
residents and killed 3.5% of them. In response to this, the Japan Meteorological Agency, which is
responsible for issuing tsunami warnings, employed a new system and updated it using Earthquake
Early Warnings. JMA prepared a pre-conducted tsunami database for over 100000 tsunami scenarios
around Japan.