Week 5: Attitude, Values, and Affective Domain of Learning

ATTITUDE OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Outline
I. Three Domains of Learning ................................................... 1 • Health professionals show poor attitudes and abusive character
II. Values and Attitudes Towards Healthcare Profession .......... 1 (Pagkatipunan, 2003)
a. Attitudes ........................................................................... 1 • Health professionals, especially resident physicians are not just
i. Attitude of Healthcare Workers ...................................... 1 arrogant but also oppressive (Legaspi-Jose, 1999)
ii. Three Distinct Components of Attitude ......................... 1 • Health science schools in the Philippines, in general, while
b. Values ............................................................................. 1 praised for their competence in training professionals who can
i. Values of Healthcare Workers ....................................... 1 meet and compete with world standard, are also being constantly
ii. Valuing Process by Rath, Harmin and Simon (1996) .... 1 criticized for producing graduates who have poor attitudes toward
the undeserved (Sanchez et al., 1997).
III. Affective Domain of Learning .............................................. 1
a. Five Subdomains ............................................................. 1 THREE DISTINCT COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
i. Receiving ...................................................................... 1
ii. Responding .................................................................. 2 1. Affect
iii. Valuing ........................................................................ 2 o Attitudes are mostly expressed as feelings or emotions
iv. Organizing................................................................... 2 o Emotional content of attitude
v. Characterizing .............................................................. 2 2. Cognitive
IV. Continuum of Strategies in Teaching .................................. 2 o Rational component of attitude
o Certain information or knowledge about the attitude
V. Summary of Five Subdomains ............................................. 2
3. Action
o Results when feelings and information have blended
THREE DOMAINS OF LEARNING
VALUES
• The three ways we develop as fully functional
human beings are broken down into the following • Values are the motive behind purposeful action
categories: Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor • The principles that help you to decide what is right
• Affective – Growth or feelings in emotional areas and wrong, and how to act in various situations
VALUES OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS
VALUES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS
HEALTHCARE PROFESSION • The most prominent values of healthcare workers identified were
altruism, equality, and capability (Moyo, 2016).
• “Perseverance and self-reliant at works are the • In the Philippines, the health professionals use the local
most important things that I used in my life until now. experience and leave the country for purely materialistic reasons
and contribute to the perennial problem of brain drain (David,
If you have the confidence in your mind, nothing is 2004).
impossible” (A.L., 1999).
VALUING PROCESS BY RATH, HARMIN AND SIMON (1996)
• A survey by the General Medical Council (GMC) in
2000 reported that only 60% of doctors believed 1. Choosing
o Choosing Freely
that those personal attributes were important to the o Choosing from Alternatives
point that if they were not done properly, something o Choosing after thoughtful consideration of consequence
should be done about it. 2. Pricing
o Pricing and Cherishing
o Forty percent did not believe that those o Publicly affirming
attributes were important, and this proportion is 3. Acting on One’s Belief
roughly the same proportion of doctors who o Acting upon choices
o Acting with some pattern
have doubts about whether, if it arises,
something should be done about suboptimal or
poor performance AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OF LEARNING
• Includes factors, such as motivation, attitudes,
ATTITUDES
perceptions, and values towards learning.
• Belief expressed indirectly through tone of voice, • Any behavior that has an emotional component lies
mannerism, or behavior. within the affective domain.
• Attitude is characterized by a large proportion of
emotional involvement, such as feelings, self, and FIVE SUBDOMAINS
relationships in the community (Brown, 2001). 1. RECEIVING
• Tendency to react positively or negatively towards
• Involves passively paying attention and being aware of existence
an object. of certain ideas, material, or phenomena.
o Always directed towards an object • Lowest level of affective domain since it is simply awareness of
o Always positive or negative feelings and emotions
• Passively paying attention
o Has tendency to react in a certain way • Listening to lectures, watching a YouTube videos

Trans notes by Peter John | 1

 2. RESPONDING 5. CHARACTERIZING

• Actively participating in a learning process • Acting consistently in accordance with the values you have
• Reacting or responding internalized.
• Participating in class discussion, giving a presentation, following • Highest of the affective domain
directions • About internalizing values
• You internalize values and let them control or guide your
3. VALUING
behavior.
• Ability to see the value or worth of something and express it • Spending time with family, not being late for school, not using
• Concerned with the worth you attach to a particular object, and kind of prohibited drugs, making friends based on personality
phenomenon, behavior, or piece of information.
• Ranges from Simple Acceptance to Commitment CONTINUUM OF STRATEGIES IN TEACHING
• Proposing a plan to improve team skills, supporting ideas to
increase proficiency • Indoctrination
4. ORGANIZING o Rules
o Regulations
• Putting together different values, information, and ideas then
relating them to already held beliefs to create your own unique o Rituals
system. • Role Model
• Compares, relates, and assess values to create a unique value o Model desired attributes
system.
• Spending more time to study than playing sports, recognizing • Values Clarification
need for work and family balance. o Student-centered

SUMMARY OF THE FIVE SUBDOMAINS OF AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OF LEARNING

LEVEL OF COMPETENCY EXAMPLES OF BEHAVIORS THAT STUDENTS CAN DEMONSTRATE

1. Verbally expresses concerns for patients.

RECEIVING 2. Refer the patient’s relative to medical social services for counseling and financial
assistance in case they cannot afford the medications prescribed.

1. Verbally express concerns for patients.

2. Actively coach patient’s relatives to get financial assistance from medical social
RESPONDING services in case they cannot afford the medications prescribed.
3. Display pleasure, gentleness, and warmth to patients during routine rounds and
check-ups.

1. Verbally express concerns for all patients.

2. Actively coach patient’s relatives to get financial assistance from medical social
VALUING services in case they cannot afford the medications prescribed.
3. Display consistent pleasure, gentleness, and warmth to patients during routine
activities, especially during extremely difficult situations.

1. Always take time to be with patients to allay their fears.

ORGANIZING 2. Never compromise caring and warmth with personal desire for rest or recreation,
especially during difficult situations.

1. Always take time to be with patients to allay their fears.

CHARACTERIZING 2. Advocate to uphold patients right at all times.

Trans notes by Peter John | 2