Suggested answers to Self te5t b X: oxygen

Y: carbon dioxide
Chapter 7 的-40)
ii The
Section A (1 mark each) bcca
t C 2 A the I
into
Section B
1
3 a Cilium chapter 9 <p 這28')
..
11 Structure X beats to sweep mucus with
trapped bacteria towards the phary邙 1 Section A (1 mark each)
The mucus with the trapped bacteria is 2 A
then coughed up, 1 t B
or swallowed into the stomach where
Section B
most of the trapped bacteria are killed by
1 In the leaf, the spongy mesophyU
hydrochloric acid. 3 a Cells
1 loosely packed. In the lung, th
b ere art~
It destroys structure X. air sacs.
c The build-up of mucus narrows the trachea, This provides more air spaces for gas
reducing the airflow to and away from the diffusion and more surface area for
Cl:
lungs. 1
of gases. 、
The concentration gradient of respiratory The leaf is thin. The wall of air sacs . I
gases between the air sacs and the capillaries lung is only one-cell thick.
is less steep. 1
f I
This offers a short diffusion distance"`
The diffusion of respiratory gases slows exchange. %
down and thus gas exchange is less efficient. I
1 b (n the daytime, the rate of photos
Ynthes~,
higher than that of respiration.
I
More carbon dioxide is taken in for
Chapter 8 (p. a-49) photosynthesis than is released in
respiration. Therefore, the carbon dio頌
Section A (1 mark each) content in the air spaces is lower. /
1 A 2 0 More orygen is released in photosynthes~
than is taken .m for respiration. Therefore
Section B the orygen content in the air spaces is
1 higher.
3 a P (vein) has a larger lumen.
Q (artery) has a thicker wall. 1 At night, pho:,i、ynthesis stops. The plam
carries ov· ·:-- a tion only. Oxygen is
ii The large lumen of P reduces the
taken in 」 ,, , Yb,.in dioxide is released in
resistance to the blood flow inside P. 1
respiratic: . ·. -,:·fore, the carbon dioxi也
The t.fiick wall of Q allows it to
content irt'd, . r :,paces is higher. I
withstand a high blood pressure due to
the pum1,mg action of the heart. 1

iv