MIRRORS AND LENSES

MIRRORS AND LENSES

• smooth reflecting surfaces which may be made of

glass or polished metal
• the image that appears to be behind the mirror is
known as the virtual image
• has two types:
– flat surface
– the reflecting
surface is
taken from
the surface
of a sphere
• image formed by a plane
mirror is always erect,
virtual, laterally reversed
(right-left reversal), same
size as the object and
found to be apparently
behind the mirror
- surface that curves inside
- used in magnifying mirrors for
shaving and applying makeup and
reflecting telescopes
 - surface that curves outside
- used by automobiles to give a
wide field of view and magnifying
glass
• curved piece of glass
or some other transparent
material that is used to refract light
 Effect of Materials on Light
• light may be transmitted, reflected, absorbed or
scattered
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
• process by which light is separated into its
color due to differences in degrees of refraction
• a narrow beam of light splits into different
range of colors called the spectrum
• the rainbow is formed by the dispersion of
sunlight in drops of water
• the inside surface of water, glass or other transparent
materials can act like a perfect mirror
• when light travels from a denser to a less dense
medium and strikes the surface at an angle greater than
the critical angle (least angle of incidence), the light
beam is not able to get out
• the
interference of
light waves
create fringes

• the spreading of
light when
passing through a
small slit or
around sharp
edges or corners
• the atmosphere is densest
(thickest) near the earth
and gradually thins out as
ones go higher
• light is reflected and
refracted as it moves
through the atmosphere
due to the bits of solid
particles and gases
( Rayleigh scattering )
• red and orange
(unscattered light)– longer
wavelengths
Blue and violet (scattered light)–
shorter wavelength
• a farsighted person or hyperope can
see very far objects clearly but has
difficulty focusing on near objects
• can be corrected using convex lens
• a near-sighted person or myope can
see near objects clearly but has
difficulty focusing on far objects
• can be corrected using concave lens
or surgery
• lack of accommodation or difficulty in
focusing both near and far objects
• common in older persons due to the
rigidness of the lens
• normal occurrence ( 40 y.o. above)
• corrected using bifocal glasses
• blurred vision in any distance
and has headache
• may see vertical and horizontal
lines
• clouding of the eye’s lens
• common vision loss in people
over the age of 40
• an eye doctor that specialize in the medical
and surgical care of the eyes and visual
system, and also the prevention of eye
disease and injury
• 4 years undergraduate (premed), 4 years medical school, 1 year
internship, 3 or more years of specialized medical eye care

• are trained to examine, diagnose, treat, and manage some

diseases and disorders of the eye and visual system
• 4 years undergraduate, 4 years in college of optometry
and optional 1 year residency

• eye healthcare professionals who work

with ophthalmologists and optometrists
• 2 years technical degree
Mirror equation:

The mirror equation expresses the quantitative relationship between the object distance
(do), the image distance (di), and the focal length (f). The magnification equation relates
the ratio of the image distance and object distance to the ratio of the image height (hi)
and object height (ho).
FORMULA
Where:
F= focal point
Do= is the distance of
the object
Di=distance of the
image form
M=magnification
Ho= height of the
object
Hi=height of the
image
 NOTE:
FORMULA FOCAL LENGTH IS
CONCAVE (+)
CONVEX (-)

FOR DISTANCE OF
IMAGE
(+) IT IS VIRTUAL OR
BEHIND
(-) REAL IMAGE
INFRONT
FOR Height of image:
(+)upside down
(-)right side up
Example Concave: 1
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm from a
concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm. Determine
the image distance and the image size.
 Concave: 1
A 5.0-cm tall pencil is placed a distance of 25.5 cm
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 12.2
cm. Determine the image distance and the image size.