TRANSISTOR

AIM: TO STUDY COMMON BASE CHARCTERISTICS OF NPN TRANSISTOR.

APPRATUS REQUIRED:

• Circuit Board - 1pc

• NPN transistor module - 1pc
• Resistance module – 10K - 2pcs
• Digital Multi meter - 4pcs
• Variable Power Supply 16V, 1A - 2pcs
• Connecting leads

FORMULA USED:

• VEB and Ie are input parameters.

• VCB and Ic are output parameters.
• Rin = Input dynamic resistance
• Rout = Output dynamic resistance

DIAGRAM:
FIG :1 NPN TRANSISTOR

FIG 2: CIRCUIT
 FIG: 3 CIRCUIT DETAIL

OBSERVATION TABLE:

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS :-

TABLE 1: INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

S.NO. VCB=5V VCB= 10V
VBE (V) IE (mA) VBE (V) IE (mA)
1. 0 0 0 0
2. 1.0 0 1.0 0.04
3. 2.0 0.1 2.0 0.14
4. 3.0 0.2 3.0 0.25
5. 4.0 0.3 4.0 0.34
6. 5.0 0.4 5.0 0.48
7. 6.0 0.5 6.0 0.6
8. 7.0 0.6 7.0 0.7
9. 8.0 0.7 8.0 0.8
10. 9.0 0.8 9.0 0.9
11. 10.0 0.9 10.0 1.0
12. 11.0 1.0 11.0 1.1
13. 12.0 1.1 12.0 1.2
14. 13.0 1.2 13.0 1.3
15. 14.0 1.3 14.0 1.4
16. 15.0 1.4 15.0 1.5
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS :-

TABLE: 2 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

S.NO. IE = 0.5 mA IE = 1.5 mA
VCB (V) Ic (mA) VCB (V) IC (mA)
1. 0 0 0 0
2. 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.12
3. 2.0 0.2 2.0 0.24
4. 3.0 0.3 3.0 0.32
5. 4.0 0.4 4.0 0.41
6. 5.0 0.4 5.0 0.51
7. 6.0 0.4 6.0 0.61
8. 7.0 0.4 7.0 0.72
9. 8.0 0.4 8.0 0.83
10. 9.0 0.4 9.0 0.92
11. 10.0 0.4 10.0 1.03
12. 11.0 0.4 11.0 1.14
13. 12.0 0.4 12.0 1.15
14. 13.0 0.4 13.0 1.16
15. 14.0 0.4 14.0 1.17
16. 15.0 0.4 15.0 1.18

CALCULATION:
RESULT:

Input and output characteristics are plotted on the graph.

GRAPHICAL REPRESTATION OF INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

Input voltage (VEB) vs. input current (IE).

Plot graph between IE and VEB, keeping voltage VCB constant.

Graph 1 : For input characteristics

GRAPHICAL REPRESTATION OF OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

Output current (IC) vs. output voltage (VCB)

Plot graph between IC and VCB keeping IE constant.

Graph2 : For output characteristics

Calculated values are :

Input Dynamic resistance = Rin = 10 KΩ

Output dynamic resistance = Rout = 10.34 KΩ

Current gain = α = 0.8

PRECAUTION:

1. Voltage applied between different leads should not exceed the recommended value.

2. Overheating of transistor should be avoided.

3. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connections as per the
circuit diagram.

PART B
AIM: TO STUDY COMMON EMITTER CHARCTERISTICS OF NPN TRANSISTOR.

APPRATUS REQUIRED:

• Circuit Board - 1pc

• NPN transistor module - 1pc
• Resistance module – 100KΩ - 1pc
• Power supply 0-16V/1A, 0-5V/1A - 2pcs
• Digital Multi meter - 4pcs
• Connecting leads - 2pcs

FORMULA USED:

VBE and IB are input parameters

VCE and IC are output parameters.

Rin = Input dynamic resistance

Rout = Output dynamic resistance

For common emittter configuration :

When VCE is constant :-

Rin = ΔVBE / ΔIB

When IE is constant :-

Rout = ΔVCE / ΔIC

DC Current gain :-

βdc = IC / IB

AC Current gain (Where VCB is constant) :-

βac = IC / IB
DIAGRAM:

FIG:1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG: CIRCUIT DETAILS

OBSERVATION TABLE:

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS :-

TABLE 3: INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

S.NO. VCE=3V VCE= 5V
VBE (V) IB(μA) VBE (V) IB (μA)
1. 0 0 0 0
2. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0
3. 1.0 4.0 1.0 4.1
4. 1.5 9.4 1.5 9.3
5. 2.0 14.2 2.0 14.2
6. 2.5 18.5 2.5 19.0
7. 3.0 24.2 3.0 24.1
8. 3.5 28.6 3.5 28.2
9. 4.0 33.6 4.0 33.0
10. 4.5 38.7 4.5 38.4
11. 5.0 43.5 5.0 42.0
12. 5.5 48.8 5.5 46.0
13. 6.0 55.9 6.0 50.0

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS :-

TABLE 4: OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

S.NO. IB = 47.5 μA IB = 21.3 μA
VCE (V) Ic (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)
1. 0 0 0 0
2. 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.02
3. 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.06
4. 2.0 0.2 2.0 0.17
5. 3.0 0.3 3.0 0.27
6. 4.0 0.4 4.0 0.37
7. 5.0 0.5 5.0 0.45
8. 6.0 0.6 6.0 0.55
9. 7.0 0.7 7.0 0.65
10. 8.0 0.8 8.0 0.75
11. 9.0 0.9 9.0 0.85
12. 10.0 1.0 10.0 0.95
13. 11.0 1.1 11.0 1.05
14. 12.0 1.2 12.0 1.13
15. 13.0 1.3 13.0 1.2
16. 14.0 1.3 14.0 1.25
17. 15.0 1.4 15.0 1.25
18. 15.7 1.45 15.7 1.3
CALCULATION:
RESULT:

Input and output characteristics are plotted on the graph.

GRAPHICAL REPRESTATION OF INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

Plot graph between VBE and IB at constant value of VCE.

Graph 3 : For input characteristics
GRAPHICAL REPRESTATION OF OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

Plot graph between VCE and IC at constant value of IB.

Graph 4 : For output characteristics

Calculated values :
Input Dynamic resistance = Rin = 101.35 KΩ

Output dynamic resistance = Rout = 10 KΩ

DC current gain = βdc = 61

AC current gain = βac = 5.72

PRECAUTION:

1. Voltage applied between different leads should not exceed the recommended value.

2. Overheating of transistor should be avoided.

3. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connections as per the
circuit diagram.