QUIZ IV - MOTION IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSION

Name : Ivana Tita Bella Widiwati

Student ID : 2018370047

Institution : Sampoerna University

Session : Fall 2019

Course : General Physics With Calculus I

Instructor : Mr. Muhammad Rausyan Fikri

I. PROBLEM
A robotic vehicle, or rover, is exploring the surface of Mars. The stationary Mars
lander is the origin of coordinates, and the surrounding Martian surface lies in
the x and y-plane. The rover, which we represent as a point, has x and y
coordinates that vary in time:
𝑥 = 2.0 m − (0.25 𝑚𝑠 −2 )𝑡 2
𝑦 = (1.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 −1 )𝑡 + (0.025 𝑚𝑠 −3 )𝑡 3
a) Find the rover’s coordinates and distance from the lander at t = 2.0 s.
b) Find the rover’s displacement and average velocity vectors for the interval t =
0.0 s to t = 2.0 s.
c) Find a general expression for the rover’s instantaneous velocity vectors.
Express 𝑣⃗ at t = 2.0 s in component form and in terms of magnitude and
direction.

II. SOLUTION
Given : x and y coordinates that vary in time
Asked :
a) t = 2.0 s, coordinate and distance = ?
b) t = 0.0 s to t = 2.0 s, displacement and average velocity?
c) General expression? 𝑣⃗ at t = 2.0 s?

Answer :

a) Coordinate
𝑥 = 2.0 m − (0.25 𝑚𝑠 −2 )𝑡 2
𝑥 = 2.0 m − (0.25 𝑚𝑠 −2 )(2.0𝑠)2
 𝑥=1
𝑦 = (1.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 −1 )𝑡 + (0.025 𝑚𝑠 −3 )𝑡 3
𝑦 = (1.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 −1 )(2.0𝑠) + (0.025 𝑚𝑠 −3 )(2.0𝑠)3
𝑦 = 2.2
Distance
𝐷 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

𝐷 = √12 + 2.22
𝐷 = √5.84
𝐷 ≈ 2.417
Based on the calculation above, the coordinate of the rover is (1,2.2) meter
and 2.417 meters away from the ladder.

b) Displacement
In order to calculate the rover’s displacement, what we need to do first is to
find the equation of 𝑟̅ (𝑡) or the rover’s position from the ladder (origin point)
𝑟⃗(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑦(𝑡)
𝑟⃗(𝑡) = [2.0 − (0.25 )𝑡 2 ] + [1.0𝑡 + 0.025𝑡 3 ]
After we find out the equation of the 𝑟̅ (𝑡) we can substitute the time interval
and calculate the displacement (|∆𝑟⃗|).
𝑟⃗(𝑡1 ) = [2.0 − (0.25 )(0)2 ]𝑖̂ + [1.0(0) + (0.025)(0)3 ]𝑗̂ = 2.0𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂
𝑟⃗(𝑡2 ) = [2.0 − (0.25 )(2.0)2 ]𝑖̂ + [1.0(2.0) + (0.025)(2.0)3 ]𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 2.2𝑗̂
∆𝑟⃗ = 𝑟⃗(𝑡2 ) − 𝑟⃗(𝑡1 )
∆𝑟⃗ = (1 − 2.0)𝑖̂ + (2.2 − 0)𝑗̂
∆𝑟⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 2.2𝑗̂
|∆𝑟⃗| = √(−1)2 + 2.22
|∆𝑟⃗| = √5.84
|∆𝑟⃗| ≈ 2.417
Hence, we can know that the displacement between the predetermined time
interval is 2.417 meter. To determine the average velocity, we can use the
ordinary average formula as below
𝑟⃗(𝑡2 ) − 𝑟⃗(𝑡1 )
⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝑉
𝑡2 − 𝑡1
−𝑖̂ + 2.2𝑗̂
⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝑉
2.0 − 0.0
⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 = −0.5𝑖̂ + 1.1𝑗̂
𝑉
⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 | = √(−0.5)2 + 1.12
|𝑉
 ⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 | = √1.46
|𝑉
⃗⃗𝑎𝑣𝑔 | ≈ 1.28
|𝑉
Based on the calculation above, the average velocity of the rover is 0.6 𝑚⁄𝑠
from the time interval between 0.0 s and 2.0 s.

c) General expression for instantaneous velocity

The instantaneous velocity can be obtained from the derivative with respect to
time of the position function (𝑟⃗(𝑡)).
𝑟⃗(𝑡 + ∆𝑡) − 𝑟⃗(𝑡)
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = lim
𝑡→0 ∆𝑡
𝑟⃗(𝑡)
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 𝑑
𝑑𝑡
[2.0 − (0.25 )𝑡 2 ] + [1.0𝑡 + 0.025𝑡 3 ]
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 𝑑
𝑑𝑡
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = (−0.5𝑡) + (1.0 + 0.075𝑡 2 )
Express 𝑣⃗(2.0) in component form and in terms of magnitude and direction.

𝑥(𝑡) 𝑦(𝑡)
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 𝑑 𝑖̂ + 𝑑 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2.0 − 0.25𝑡 2 1.0𝑡 + 0.025𝑡 3
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 𝑑 𝑖̂ + 𝑑 𝑗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑣⃗(𝑡) = (−0.5𝑡)𝑖̂ + (1.0 + 0.075𝑡 2 )𝑗̂
𝑣⃗(2.0) = (−0.5 × 2.0)𝑖̂ + (1.0 + 0.075(2.0)2 )𝑗̂
𝑣⃗(2.0) = −𝑖̂ + 1.3𝑗̂
The velocity component for the velocity is -1 m for the y and 1.3 m for the x.

𝑣⃗(2.0) = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

𝑣⃗(2.0) = √(−1)2 + (1.3)2

𝑣⃗(2.0) = √2.69
𝑣⃗(2.0) ≈ 1.640
Therefore, after 2 seconds, the velocity of the rover will be 1.640 𝑚⁄𝑠.

𝑣𝑦
𝜃 = tan−1
𝑣𝑥
1.3
𝜃 = tan−1
−1
𝜃 = tan−1(−1.3)
𝜃 ≈ −52.431°
 Therefore, the direction of the velocity with the respect to the positive x-axis
will be 180° − 52.431° which is 127.569°

III. CONCLUSION
In order to solve this problem correctly, what we have to do is pay attention to
the component that work on the object. We also have to be able to differentiate
which problem ask for answer in the components form (x and y) and problem
that ask for the answer in magnitude form. Moreover, when doing this kind of
problems you have to meticulous when substituting the x and y component into
the formula.