Refraction through a combination of media

For a ray of light undergoing refraction through a combination of three media, Show that
𝑛 𝑔𝑎
𝑛21 × 𝑛32 × 𝑛13 = 1. Also prove that 𝑛𝑔𝑤 = .
𝑛 𝑤𝑎

For the ray going from med 1 to med 2

sin 𝑖
𝑛21 = 𝑛𝑤𝑎 =sin 𝑟 (1)
1

For the ray going from med 2 to med 3

sin 𝑟
𝑛32 = 𝑛𝑔𝑤 =sin 𝑟1 (2)
2

For the ray going from med 3 to med 1

sin 𝑟
𝑛13 = 𝑛𝑎𝑔 = sin 𝑖2 (3)

Multiplying above 3 equations, (1)×(2) ×(3)→

𝑛21 × 𝑛32 × 𝑛13 = sin 𝑖 sin 𝑟

× sin 𝑟1 ×
sin 𝑟2
=1 (4)
sin 𝑟1 2 sin 𝑖

1 𝑛 31 1
From (4); 𝑛32 = or 𝑛32 = 𝑛31 =
𝑛 21 × 𝑛 13 𝑛 21 𝑛 13

𝒏𝒈𝒂
𝒏𝒈𝒘 =
𝒏𝒘𝒂