Unit 1: Embracing The Humanities

Unit 1: Embracing the Humanities
Unit 1
Embracing the Humanities
Introduction
There are instances in when one reflects and asks himself these questions:
What am I? Why am I in this world? Where do I go from here? What can I do to
become and remain an effective, responsible member of society? Indeed, man
tends to search the meaning and the purpose of his/her existence. To quench these
queries, one needs to be more human-to put man into his/her heart and mind, thus,
the primordial purpose of this course.
This unit is designed to intensively immerse you to the different art forms.
In this way, you come to understand better the significance of arts in our daily
living.
Unit Learning Outcomes

At the end of the unit, you will be able to:
a. Distinguish humanities from sciences;
b. Demonstrate appreciation on the significance and functions of arts to
man; and
c. Analyze and explain how the art influences the person’s character and
actions.
Topic 1: Defining the Humanities

Time Allotment: 2 hours
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, you will be able to:
a. Trace the development of humanities in the different periods and
b. Discuss the Humanities.
Activating Prior Knowledge
Whatarethehumanities?
What comes to your mind when you hear the word humanities? Write your ideas
on the blanks provided below.
___Culture____
__People ____History_______
Humanities
_Relationships
__Human_Nature__
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Understanding Others__
Presentation of Content
From the ideas you shared in the activity, try to construct a simple
definition of humanities.
 The word humanities are studies about culture, human nature, history,
relationships. Because its provide general knowledge and intellectuall
skills tous.
This time, let’s see where you can categorize your own definition. Ortiz et
al. (1976) in their book presented different definitions of humanities from ancient
Latin to present.
The term “humanities” was first applied to the writings of ancient Latin
authors which were read not only for their clarity of language and forceful literary
style, but also, and more specially, for their moral teaching. During the Medieval
Age, the humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the religion philosopher. The
goal was the cultivation of the spiritual life and the preparation for the hereafter.
During the Renaissance, the word came to refer to the set of disciplines taught in
the universities, which included grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music,
philosophy, and theology- a body of knowledge aimed to make man “human,
cultured, and refined. At present, the humanities serve to provide the student with
certain skills and values through arts.
Elaborating and relating humanities from arts, Sanchez (2001) said that the term
‘humanities’ refers to the arts- the visual arts such as architecture; painting and
sculpture; music; dance; the theater or drama; and literature. They are the
branches of learning concerned with human being and his feelings and how he
expresses those feelings have always been the concern of the humanities.
What are the differences and similarities of the Humanities and the Sciences?
Even this time, others still do not have clear grasp of the different disciplines they
embrace. Although these concepts have been thrown around their heads, they
have never really been asked for the definitions and focus/foci of all these. It is
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then necessary that one should know the background for it leads him/her to
appreciate the future career s/he wanted to be.
As mentioned by Ortiz et al. (1976), the sciences and the humanities are
two different terms with the same goal. The sciences deal with the external world
of man, as well as with the facets of man’s being that can be subjected to
observation, measurement, and experimentation. Further, the sciences enable man
to understand and control nature and to harness its energy to make his life more
comfortable and convenient. On the other hand, the humanities deal with man’s
internal world-with his personality and experiences, matters that cannot be exactly
measured, classified, or controlled. The humanities’ approach is subjective; it
makes much use of perception, feeling, intuition, and insight. The focus of the
humanities is on man as an individual, while in the social sciences the main
interest is on types and groups of human beings, and on the institutions and
processes of society.
Thus, both the sciences and the humanities are necessary for the
development of the complete, social man, ready to take on his responsibilities in
this rapidly changing world and to enjoy life as he lives it.
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Application
I. State the different definitions of the Humanities in each of the periods
based on the text that you have just read.
Period Definition
Ancient The tem “humanities” was first applied to the
Latin Author writings. Were read not only for their clarity of
language and forceful literray style, but also, and
more specially for their moral teaching.
Medieval The humanities dealt with the methaphysics of the

Age religion philosopher. The goal was the cultivation
of the spiritual life and the preparation for the
hereafter.
Renaissance The word came to refer to the set of discipline

taught in the universities, which included grammar,
rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy, and
theology. A body of knowledge aimed to make a
man “ human, cultured and refined”. At present the
humanities serve to provide the student with
certain skills and values through arts.
Sanchez Said that the term “ humanities “ refers to the arts .

(2001) the visual arts such as architecture ; painting and
sculpture; music, dance the theater or drama
Using the Venn diagram below, write down the similarities and
differences of the Humanities, Natural Sciences, and
SocialSciences. In the outer part of the circle, write things about them that are
different. At the center circle, write things that are alike.
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II. Using the Venn diagram below, write down the similarities and
differences of the Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. In
the outer part of the circle, write things about them that are different. At
the center circle, write things that are alike.
Human Sciences Natural Sciences
 Are two
different Study human
beings culture
terms and society.
with the Enable man to

same understand and
goal. control nature
 Man as Necessary for the and to harness its
development of the complete
an social man, ready to take on
energy to make hi
individua his responsibilities in this life more
rapidly changing world and to
ls. enjoy life as he lives it. comfortable and
convenient.
Observing specific
phenomena
Deal with the

external world of
man, as well as with
the facets of mans
being that can be
subjected to
observation,
measurement and
experimentation.
Social Science
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Score: _________
Feedback Date:
________
I. Tell whether the statement is true or false. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.
True 1. The term humanities refers to the arts- the visual arts such as
architecture; painting and sculpture; music; dance; the theater or
drama; and literature.
True 2. During Renaissance period, the word humanities was considered as a
body of knowledge aimed to make man “human, cultured, and refined.
True 3. The humanities’ approach is subjective; it makes much use of

perception, feeling, intuition, and insight.
False 4. The focus of the humanities is on types and groups of human beings,
and on the institutions and processes of society.
False 5. Both the humanities and the social sciences focus on man as an
individual.
II. What is the value of studying humanities as a student and as a member of

the community/cultural group? (5 points)
Humanites expand our knowledge of human cultures and help us to understand
what bind us and what differentiate us from one another. In addition to these
level insights , however , they also provide practical application that can enhance
your professional skilled and give you a competitive edge.
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Topic 2: Understanding the Arts

Learning Outcomes
a. Evaluate the perspectives behind the meaning of art;
b. Demonstrate understanding on the basic concepts and assumptions
about art; and
c. Point out works of art in the past that are still very much admired and
treasured today.
What is an art?
K W L
(What You Know) (What You want to (What You Learned and
Learn) still Want to Learn)
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I learn a lot about the

Art is everything , and I want to learn more different parts of arts.
its all about feelings and every lesson related of And I still want to learn
emotion. arts. what is the difference of
arts here in the
Philippines in other
country.
What is art?
We can say that art is the lifeblood of humanities because it conveys one’s
feelings and expressions. Art is the essential factor which motivates an individual
to create and appreciate “a thing of beauty.”
But before we formally discuss art, let’s look at the etymological meaning
as well as the different meanings of art given by the experts. Etymologically, art is
derived from the Latin word “ars”, meaning ability or skill. Art is from an Italian
“artis” defined as a human or skill. Further, Webster’s New Collegiate dictionary
defines art as “The conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in
the production of aesthetics objects.”
Writers and philosophers defined arts in different ways:
“Art is not, as the metaphysicians say, the manifestation of some

mysterious idea of beauty of God: it is not, as the aesthetical physiologists
say, a game in which man lets off his excess of stored-up energy; it is not
the expression of man’s emotions by external signs; it is not the
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production of pleasing objects, above all, it is not pleasure; but it is a

means of unions among men, joining them together in the same feelings,
and indispensable for the life and progress toward well-being of
individuals and humanity.” Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy
“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” American writer

Henry Miller
“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” Greek philosopher

Aristotle
“The object of art is to give life a shape.” French dramatist Jean Anouilh
“Art is science in the flesh.” French poet and playwright Jean Couteau
“All art is social,” because it is the result of a relationship between an

artist and his time.” Historian James Adams
“Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known.”
Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde
“Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature
into beautiful forms suitable for human use.” American architect, interior
designer, writer, and educator Frank Lloyd Wright
Assumptions about Art
1. Art is everywhere.
"Your surroundings, home,
personal care, pets, clothing and body are
all reflections of how you see and express
yourself." - Dr. Christiane Northrup
The Invention of Clothing
2. Art is not nature.
Art is not nature because art is man-made. It is the creature of man that
may reflect a profound skillfulness and craftsmanship. Art can never be natural
because nature is evanescent, in constant transformation of change, and yet art is
permanent.
3. Art is imitating and creating.
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Creation in art is the act of

combining or re-ordering
already existing materials so
that new objects will be formed.
An artist only copies the things
in nature he believes would
express his thought and feelings.
1Cassily Lake in Tuao, Cagayan Art is a process of
imitating involving
personal assimilation through mind, feeling and style (Barrios, 2012).
4. Art perfects nature.

Artists only enhance things they like and eliminate the undesirable
elements in nature to convey their message of beauty and love.
5. Art is universal.
It transcends cultures, races,
and civilization. As long as human
beings exist, art is feasible, alive, and
dynamic.
Romeo and Juliet by William

Shakespeare
6. Art is timeless
Art is timeless because it goes beyond the time of our existence. It is
present in every corner of the world to serve basic needs of mankind, from ancient
time to modern world. Further, art is timeless because it continually evolves.
Aside from artists birthing new artworks, they also never stop innovating,
recreating, reinventing, and reviving works of art.
Art defines time. In watching film, for example, even when you do not
have the idea when it was created, the style of directing and filming, the clothing
and bearing of the characters, musical scoring and the setting and the plot of the
story would make the viewer’s guess the period when it was produces.
While art defines time, time also defines art. It identifies the artwork that
would “click” in a particular time for the particular audience.
Aside from the assumptions about arts discussed, other universally accepted ideas
about arts are the following:
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Art as Expression and Communication

Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. Expression is limited
to the revelation of emotions alone. The personal and social values of the artist
and his penetrating psychological insight into human reality are also conveyed
through arts. The artist uses symbols which he organizes into some
comprehensible equivalent of the experience that he is trying to convey. If the
symbols are understood by his audience, then communication has been
established.
Art and Experience

Three major kinds of experience are involved in the artistic activity. (1) It
starts as an experience which the artist wants to communicate. (2) The act of
expressing this experience –that of creating that art object or form. (3) When the
work is done, there is the artist’s gratifying experience of having accomplished
something significant.
On the part of the onlooker or listener, he may kindle an experience which
is similar or related to that which the artist tried to express. These include sensory,
emotional, and intellectual responses.
Art and Beauty

A thing of beauty is one which gives us pleasure when we perceive it. The
delight that we experience is called aesthetic pleasure. Beauty in terms of art
refers to an interaction between line, color, texture, sound, shape, motion, and size
that is pleasing to the senses.
Sometimes beauty is not the artist’s ultimate goal. Art is often intended to
appeal to and connect with human emotion. Artists may express something so
their audience is stimulated in some way-creating feelings, religious faith,
curiosity, interest, identification with a group, thoughts, or creativity. For
example, performance art often does not aim to please the audience but instead
evokes feelings, reactions, conversations, or questions for the viewer. In these
cases, aesthetics may be an irrelevant measure of “beautiful” art
(https://courses.lumenting.com/boundeless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/).
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Read the short persuasive essay about Nature being a source of inspiration.
Reading the Book of Nature
The Book of Nature, one writer declared, has pages “written over with large print or
fine print, and in a variety of language,” Most of us read the large type more or less
appreciatively, but fail to decipher the fine lines and footnotes.”
However, artists who, most always, are lovers of nature, decode the obscure signs
and read between the lines. And from that, they draw inspiration for their creations.
Before he sits down with paint and brush, Arnel Azurin, a nature painter for
example, immerses himself in Nature, to explore its very heart, to probe its secrets
of life- and to realize how all these fall into a large, universal pattern.
Other artists also find inspiration in every little aspect of Nature, reading in each a
sense of life, a threshold opening into a realm of mystic meanings. In one instance,
a poet, writing a poem, saw in the driftwood a metaphor of the human spirit: that
though battered in form, it prevails through time and weather.
The artist develops an acute sensitivity to Nature’s shapes; leaves in varied forms,
gnarled branches and twigs, rounded hills and mountain peaks; to Nature’s texture:
flower petals, ripened fruit, rocks and stones; to Nature’s colors the carpet of
emerald green moss, the yellow of ripening grain in rice fields, the deep blue see
sea and sky.
Most artists interpret and imitate Nature in its utmost beauty. How best to sump up
Nature’s splendor except through colorful flowers, scenic landscapes, lush forests,
vigorous animals, and graceful human forms!
Painters, poets, sculptors, and musicians too, find inspiration in Nature. Anyone, for
that matter, if he takes time out to pause and read closely enough the Book of
Nature, will discover in it an exhilarating, bewitching something that inspires the
sublime in the human spirit.
-The New Dimensions in Learning English (Manual)
After reading the selection, try answering the given questions below.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the image of Nature described in the passage?

That the Nature is their inspiration for their creation.
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2. In what way does the image confirm Nature’s artistry?

The artist develops an acute sensitivity to nature’s shapes; leaves in
varied forms gnarled branches and twigs, rounded hills and
mountain peaks; to Nature’s texture: flower petals, ripened fruit,
rocks and stones; to Nature’s colors the carpet of emerald green
moss, the yellow of ripening grain in rice fields, the deep blue see
sea and sky
3. What feeling or emotion is evoked by the image?
The emotion evoked by the image are Blessed and peaceful,
because god created it.
Application
1. Select at least five(5) artworks which you consider important to you, then
explain each of them.(5points)
Artworks Explanation
1. “ Planting Because these art focused on traditional folk
Rice “ – scences as an embodiment of the imagined sense
Fernando of nationhood.
Amorsolo
2. The His paintaings depict a nation in transition, an

Musicians – allusion to the new culture brought by the
Vicente americans.
Manansala
3. Spoliarium Because this famous painting in the Philippines is

– Juan Luna considered as an important symbol of the
Philippine Revolution.
4. Oblation –
Guillermo This artwork it depicts a man facing upward with
Tolentino ars outstretched, symbolizing selfless offering of
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oneself to his union.
5. Monalisa – This artwork representation of the idea of

Leonardo da happiness suggested by the word
Vinci
2. Give a situation where an artist could make use of nature in producing an

artwork.(5points)
they are given a task they do an artwork in the subject of arts appreciation ,
and the artist choose the nature to make this activity. And he express his feelings in thi
s activity so he choose this nature._
3. Identify a work of art in your community that is still very much admired
and treasured today. Is the message conveyed by the artist universal?
Explain your answer.(10points)
Artwork Message Photo

Banaue
Rice Is an art that is still
Terraces very much admired
and treasured
nowadays. People who
made it applied their
creativity by thingking
how they could use the
mountains to plant
more, reap more and
harvest more. They use
their creativity to make
plots for different
crops and until this
time the product of
their creativity is being
treasured. Their arts
are celebrated not just
by filipino people but
by the world already
because it is now
considered as world’s
top mosttourism site.
Truly an art with a
purpose.
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Score: _______
I. Read and analyze the given statements below, then identify whether
the statement is true or false.
TRUE 1. In any society, art has served a particular purpose.

TRUE 2. Art can serve as a vehicle for propaganda.
FALSE 3. The function of art varies from person to person.
FALSE 4. Art does not communicate anything.
TRUE 5.A book illustrator is an artist.
TRUE 6. Where there is life, there is art.
FALSE 7. Art has nothing to do with religion and morality.
FALSE 8. Art can be used to control the thinking or behavior of people in society.
TRUE 9. Artists reveal themselves through their art.
FALSE 10.The arts serve us for pleasure only.
TRUE 11. Art is a nonverbal form of communication.
TRUE 12. Artists give tangible form to the unknown.
TRUE 13.Art has been created by all people, at all time, in all countries, and thatit
lives because it is liked and enjoyed.
FALSE 14.Art is not good because it is universaL, but universal because it is
good.
FALSE 15.Nature doesn’t have something to do about art.
II. Read the following questions below, then answer each of them briefly.
Each question will be treated 5 points. You will be graded based on
substance (3points) grammar and organization (2 points).
1. How does art involve experience?

Art involve experience ither than the creativity and imagination capabilities of an
individual on order for you to actually maximize your talent and skill and with the
thought of sharing it with others experience is important.
2. Why is art message universal?
Because art is one of the main means of communication that can connect the
world and reflect on cultural, political, and social dynamics. And it allows people
to express themselves through meaningful narratives and soulful lyrics.
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Topic 3: Classifying the Arts

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session, you will be to:
a. Categorize the different forms of the arts and
b. Cite examples of each of the forms.
In a group, list down different art works as many as you can, then among
those art works mentioned choose only one which you think it influences or
inspires you most. Do this only within 3 minutes.
1. Planting Rice 7. The last supper
2. Ang kiukok 8. Spoliarium
3. Making of the 9. The Blood Compact
Philippine flag 10. Gathering of Heroes
4. Monalisa
5. Water Lilies
From the activity given, you have heard various art works. Art is classified
in different ways. Writers and philosophers have their own classification of art. To
clearly comprehend the relationship of these arts, let’s us study the categorization
made by the different experts
According to Webster (1987), the major arts involve man’s skills to create
works of art that are in form, content, and execution, aesthetically pleasing and
meaning as in music, painting, architecture, and sculpture. They are called major
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arts because they appeal to the senses of sight, hearing, and feeling. They are
more notable and conspicuous in effect.
On the other hand, the aesthetic factor in the minor arts lies in the
“styling”. They are addressed primarily to the sense of sight and their usefulness.
The minor arts are inferior in degree, especially in the extent of aesthetic quality.
According to Manaois, there are two (2) general dimensions of arts, namely,
(1) fine arts or independent arts made principally for aesthetic enjoyment through
the senses, especially visual and auditory such as painting, sculpture, architecture,
literature, theater, performing arts, and (2) practical arts or utilitarian arts
intended for practical use or the development of raw materials for functional
purposes such as industrial art, civic art, commercial art, graphic art, agricultural
and fishery art.
Estolas (1995) also grouped arts into:
1. Visual Arts. These artworks are perceived by our eyes which may be
classified into graphic arts and plastic arts. Graphic arts have flat
twodimensional surface such as painting industry. It covers the
commercial arts like the design of books, advertisements, signs, posters
and other displays for advertisements. Plastic arts are visual arts which
have threedimensional forms. Under this grouping are: architectural
designs and construction of buildings and other structures; landscape of
gardens, parks, playgrounds, and golf courses with plants ,trees, vines and
ground cover;
2. Performing Arts. These include the theater, play, dance, and music. They
involve movement, speaking and gestures.
3. Literary Arts. These include the short stories, novels, poetry and dramas.
4. Popular Arts. These include the film, newspaper, magazine, radio and
television. This group is characterized as gay and lively.
5. Gustatory Art of the Cuisine. This involves skills in food preparation.
6. Decorative Arts. They are visual objects produced for beautifying houses,
offices, cars and other structures. They are also called applied arts.
Sanchez, Abad, and Jao (2001) grouped arts into:

1. Visual arts. These include graphic arts (which include drawing, painting,
photography, etc. or in which portrayals of forms and symbols are
recorded on a two-dimensional surface) and plastic arts (which comprise
all fields of visual arts for which materials are arranged in three-
dimensional forms namely, structural architecture, interior arranging,
crafts, sculpture, industrial design, dress and costume design and theatre
design.
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2. Literature. These include drama, essay, prose fiction, poetry, and

miscellaneous (history, biography, journals, diaries, and other works not
formally classed as literature).
3. Music. These include vocal music; instrumental music; music combined
with other music like opera, operatta and musical comedy, oratorio and
cantata; and other forms like ballet music and background music for
motion pictures.
4. Drama and Theater. These include tragedy, melodrama, comedy,
miscellaneous
5. Dance. These include ethnologic, social or ballroom dances, ballet,
modern, musical comedy.
Barrios (2012) classified arts into two: according to purpose and according
to media and forms.
1. According to Purpose
A. Practical or useful arts are those human activities directed to

produce artifacts, tools and utensils used in doing households and
everyday chores.
Examples: basket weaving agriculture, etc.
B. Liberal Arts involve the development of man’ intellectual
reasoning.
Examples: Mathematics, Astronomy, Grammar
C. Fine Arts are the products of the human creative activity as they
express beauty in different ways and media for the satisfaction and
relaxation of man’s mind and spirit. Examples: painting, sculpture,
architecture
D. Major Arts are characterized by their actual and potential
expressiveness and by a purely disinterested purpose. Examples:
music, poetry, sculpture
E. Minor Arts are works connected with practical uses and purposes.
Examples: interior decoration, porcelain
2. According to Media and Forms

A. Plastic Arts are developed through space and perceived by the sense
of sight.
Examples: painting, sculpture, architecture
B. Phonetic Arts are based on sounds and words as media of
expression.
Examples: music, drama, literature
C. Kinetic Arts make use of the rhythmic movement as the elements of
expression.
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Example: dance
D. Pure Arts utilize only one medium of expression.
Examples: sound in music, color in painting E.
Mixed Arts use two or more media.
Example: The opera(which is a combination of music, poetry, and
drama)
Application
Provide pertinent details to complete the mapping of the arts. Feel free to
maximize the space provided below.
Classification of Arts
Sanchez
Webster
Manaois Estolas Abad, and Jao Barrios (2012)
(1987)
(2001)
Fine arts or Practical arts

Drama and According to According to
Major Arts Minor Arts independent or Utilitarian Literary arts Popular Arts Music
Theater Media Forms Purpose
arts arts
Performing PRACTICAL OR
Visual Arts Visual Arts Literature Dance PLASTIC ART
Arts USEFUL ART
Gustatory art
PHONETI ART LIBERAL ART
of cuisine
KINETIC ART FINE ART
PURE ART MAJOR ART
MIXED ART MINOR ART
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Score;_______
Feedback Date:_________
Directions. Read and analyze the questions below, then encircle the letter of the
terms or statements that best corresponds to the ideas pointed out.
1. Which of the following arts include the short stories, novels, poetry, and
drams?
a, visual arts c. performing arts
b. literary arts d. popular arts
2. All except ONE are classified as fine arts.
a. painting c. performing arts
b. graphic arts d. architecture
3. Which of the following is an example of popular arts? a, newspaper
c. television
b. radio d. All of the above
4. Which of the following is NOT considered under major arts?
a. music c. poetry
b. interior decoration d. sculpture
5. Which of the following classification of arts refer to those whose mediums
which can be seen?
a. auditory or time arts c. visual or space arts
b. combined arts d. None of the above
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6. Which of the following classification of arts refer to those whose mediums

which can be both seen and heard, and which exist in both space and time?
a. auditory arts c. visual or space arts
b. combined arts d. all of the above
7. Which of the following is an example of two-dimensional arts?
a. architecture c. landscape
b. industrial design d. photography
8. All EXCEPT one are examples of combined arts.
a. dance c. literature
b. opera d. movie
9. Which of the does not belong to the group?

a. painting c. music
b. drama d. literature
10. According to Barrios, arts which involve the development of man’
intellectual reasoning are called ________________.
a. Liberal arts c. Practical arts
b. Fine arts d. Phonetic arts
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The following are examples of art works. Identify what categories they belong to.
Les Misérables
Da Vinci's Last Supper
Helen of Troy
Michelangelo Buonarroti: Pietà

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ANSWER;
1. THEATRE
2. PAINTAING
3. CINEMA
4. SCULPTURE
5. ARCHITECTURE
Basilica Minore, Piat 23
A
Topic 4: Knowing the Functions of Arts

Learning Outcomes
a. Discuss the different functions of art;
b. Demonstrate understanding how artists use images to represent
ad idea; and
c. Realize the function of some art forms in daily life.

Have a closer look at the given images or pictures. What function does an
artwork perform? Does it have any purpose? Do all artworks have a function?
You may freely express your ideas or opinions based on your own schema
or experience.
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=Rizal%27Park+Image
The first picture shows that what happening right now. Based on my observation
almost all the teenager right now they did not use our own dialect, because this is
were we identify for us being a filipino citizen as our own.
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https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/multimedia/photo/11/26/18/erasing -filipino-in-colleg e-education
https://www.ironwulf.net/2017/04/10/lakbay-norte-
vi-3-pasalubong-cagayan/
The second picture shows the Luneta park after the name of Dr. Jose Rizal our
national hero this luneta park is an honor and tribute to him.
This third pictures shows the filipino handmade here in the different place of
Philippines. And it was the culture of the past until now from our present.
From the activity given above, you have observed that each artwork has its
own function or purpose. Artists may convey their messages in different ways.
To recognize and appreciate the function of arts not only within ourselves
but in the community as well, read the article written by Frederick A. Horowitz.
MORE THAN YOU SEE: THE MANY FUNCTIONS OF ART

By Frederick A. Horowitz
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Art has many different functions in human history. Each society

defined its own purposes for art, and produced an art suited to those
purposes. For ancient Romans, art served as a vehicle of propaganda:
their sculptures proclaimed victories, and their buildings highly praised the
power of the State. In modern societies like our own, art serves different
and sometimes contradictory purposes. One artist paints in order to
communicate a message to his audience, while across the street another
paints in order to please himself. A third artist explores shapes and colors;
a fourth illustrates books.
Art functions as:
1. An agent of magic (to ensure a successful hunt, perpetuate the soul

after death, triumph over an enemy, cure diseases, etc.)
2. An aid to meditation
3. An agent to ritual
4. A record of events, objects, situations
5. A substitute for real thing, or a symbol
6. A souvenir
7. Propaganda to impress, persuade or change thinking or behavior
8. Communication of stories, ideas, events
9. An agent of social control
10. Amusement or entertainment
11. A mean of moral improvement
12. education
13. A means of self-expression
14. Self-revelation
15. Release of emotions
16. Exploration of vision
17. A reflection and interpretation of life
18. An expression of beauty
19. Decoration or embellishment
20. Monetary investment
21. A status symbol
The functions of arts are wide ranging. Art is as broad as human experience. All
of art comes out of life and is bound up with life. Art is meaningful, but meaningful
in ways that differ from society to society, from time to time, and from person to
person.
Adapted from More Than You See: A Guide to Art
New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1992
With the numerous listed functions of arts, they may normally fall into three
categories as mentioned by Esaak (2019). These are personal, social, and physical
functions.
26
1. Personal Function
There are many types of personal function, and they are subjective and
will, therefore, vary from person to person.
An artist may create out of a need for self-expression, or gratification. S/he

might have wanted to communicate a thought or point to the viewer. Perhaps the
artist was trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers. A
piece might have been meant to "merely" entertain others. Sometimes a piece isn't
meant to have any meaning at all.
Further, art may serve the personal functions of control. Art has been used
to attempt to exert magical control over time, or the seasons or even the
acquisition of food. Art is used to bring order to a messy and disorderly world.
Conversely, art can be used to create chaos when an artist feels life is too staid
and ordinary. Art can also be therapeutic - for both the artist and the viewer.
2. Social Function
According to Ortiz et al. (1976), art performs a social function when:
a. It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.

b. It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations.
c. It expresses or describes social or collective aspects of existence as
opposed to individual and personal kinds of experiences.
Influencing Social Behavior
• Pictorial form is very powerful means of putting across a message.

• Paintings, photographs, posters, cartoons have been used to express
humanitarian concern as well as ideological or political comment.
• Satire- which puts up people and institutions to ridicule so that they
will change- is effectively communicated in various cartoons and
caricatures.
• Editorial cartoons convey the message more directly and clearly than
the printed word does. Cartoonists comment on the
foibles(weaknesses) of society and of its leaders, with the hope that
something is done to correct these faults and improve the human
condition.
• Literature has served just as well for political and ideological
expression. It is a powerful tool in shaping society and its manners.
Urbana at Felisa by Modesto de Castro- an epistolary novel of the 19th
century, became the Filipino code of ethics of the time, guiding the
27
youth on how to conduct themselves in church, in social gatherings, in

school, and at home.
• Propaganda Literature has swayed people’s minds and feelings
toward certain ends.
• Religion has especially capitalized on the arts to spread beliefs and
reinforce and sustain faith. It plays noble functions as enlightening us
in our spiritual beliefs and elevating our moral character.
• Advertising art aims to affect the buying behavior of people. These
include posters, billboards, magazine and newspapers adds, catalogs,
handbills, package design, radio, television.
Display and Celebration
• Commemoration of important personages in society serves to record

important historical events, or reveals the ideals of heroism and
leadership that the community would want the young to emulate.
• Rituals have played an important role in people’s lives and have
influenced the growth of certain arts as well.
• Public celebrations, such as festivals and other activities, unite people
in a shared experience, just as the celebration of important phase of life
do.
Social Description
• Art works are vital historical documents.

• Tools, weapons furniture, paintings, statues, stories and songs and
buildings reflect the feelings, struggles and achievements of people.
They reveal how people thought, felt, and lived in a certain historical
period.
• Temples, sculptures, epics, plays and even the pottery of ancient
Greece tell us so much about the age when man first regarded himself
as the measure of all things.
• Portraits are informative.
3. Physical Function
The physical functions of art are often the easiest to understand. Works of
art that are created to perform some service have physical functions.
Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives
physically comfortable. Functional works of art may be classified as either tools
or containers.
28
Take a look at the given terms below. Reflect why these are categorized
this way.
1. A spoon- tool
2. A car- tool
3. A building- container
4. A Community- container
5. A ceramic vase- container
6. A chair-container
Note that architecture, any of the crafts, and

industrial design are all types of art that
have physical functions.
An example of the physical function of art
Art that has a physical function usually

relates to items that can be used for a
practical purpose because of their physical
structure, despite their artistic appeal.
Examples include architecture, which can be

breathtaking, but still primarily serves a https://arts-literature.blurtit.com/1097823/
physical function. This chair is a good whatare-the-functions-of-art
example of physical art. Its design means

that it is immediately aesthetically interesting to the eye, but its main function is
to be a comfortable chair to sit on.
Application
Activity 1. Go to an art gallery/museum, or to any place where there are nature

paintings or pieces of sculpture. Choose one that appeals most to you. Be able to
describe it and the feeling or mood it evokes in you as you look at it.
Make a report of this to your class. Consider the following questions: What did
the artist attempt to communicate? How effective is the method used in conveying
the message? Would the same effect have been achieved if another means of
representation was used? How does this work reveal the artist as a recorder or
commentator of his period?
29
THE BATTLE OF LEPANTO

 This paintaing is portrayal of national pride because the Spanish were
instrumental in the victory at lepanto and it is also a portrayal of pride in
the Spaniards Catholicism since the battle resulted in catholic victory.
Your output will be graded based on the given competencies below.

Competency Points
Demonstrate efficient time management 10
skills in meetings the deadlines
Describe and discuss the cultural or 15
personal influences in evaluating the
artwork.
Total 25 Points
Activity 2. Clip an editorial cartoon from any newspaper or magazine. Explain the
comment it makes about society or certain people. How effective is its
presentation?
Editorial Cartoon
30
Explanation:__
These editorial cartoons have an educational purpose. And expresses a recognizable point of view
or opinion. Not all editorial cartoons are meant to be funny. Some of the most effective
educational cartoons are not humorous at all.
________________________________________________________________________
Score:_________
Feedback Date:__________
Read and analyze the questions/statements below, then encircle the letter of your
choice.
1. According to Aristotle, art ___________________.
a. is higher type of knowledge than experience.
b. is science in the flesh.
c. is social.
d. teaches nothing, except the significance of life.
2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about art?
a. Art is nature. c. Art is timeless.
b. Art perfects nature. d. Art is everywhere.
3. The term humanities is derived from the Latin word “humanus” meaning:
a. Human c. Refined
b. Cultured d. All of the Above
4. During the Medieval Age, the word humanities was defined as:
a. A set of disciplines taught in the universities, which included
grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy, and
theology.
b. the metaphysics of the religion philosopher.
c. a means to provide the student with certain skills and values through
arts.
d. All of the Above
5. “All art is social.” What does this statement mean?
a. It is the result of a relationship between an artist and his time.
b. It is the result of a creative mind.
c. It is the product of experience.
d. All of the Above
6. In what way is art important in daily life?
a. It has personal significance.
31
b. It reflects our society.

c. It records our history.
d. It is a form of self-expression
For items 7-9, choose your answer below.
a. Humanities b. Social Sciences c. Natural Sciences
7. These focus on man as an individual.
A. HUMANITIES
8. The main interest is on types and groups of human beings, and on the
institutions and processes of society.
B. SOCIAL SCIENCES
9. These deal with the external world of man, as well as with the facets of
man’s being that can be subjected to observation. measurement, and
experimentation.
B.SOCIAL SCIENCES
10. Which of the following concerns itself with the communication of certain
ideas and feelings by means of a sensuous medium?
a. Beauty c. Nature
b. Experience d. Art
11. Among the most popular ones being taught in school are the two Greek
epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey. These works, purportedly written before
that beginning of recorded history, are believed to be man’s attempt at
recording stories and tales that have been passed on, known, and sung
throughout the years. What does it display about art?
a. Art is everywhere. c. Art involves experience.
b. Art is universal. d. Nature is artful.
12. All except one are the major kinds of experience involved in the artistic
activity.
a. It starts as an experience which the artist wants to communicate.
b. The act of expressing this experience –that of creating that art object or
form.
c. When the work is done, there is the artist’s gratifying experience of
having accomplished something significant.
d. Making the artwork be known in the community.
13. A person learning a trade or an art from a skilled worker is called
a. An apprentice c. A mentor
b. A foreman d. A laborer
14. Which of the functions of art is involved when art improves our lives?
a. Physical c. Social
b. Personal d. Cultural
15. According to Ortiz et al. (1976), art performs a social function when:
a. It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.
b. It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations.
32
c. It expresses or describes social or collective aspects of existence as

opposed to individual and personal kinds of experiences.
d. d. All of the above
II. Below are the common political cartoon symbols. Match the terms in Column
A with their symbols in Column B.
A B
1. Peace A. Rainbow
2. Victory B. Hawk
3. Wealth and power C. Flying Eagle
4. Hope D. Dove
5. Warfare E. Bench
F. Wreath of laurels
G. Money bags
ANSWERS:
1. D
2. F
3. G
4. A
5. C
References
Barrios, Romeo A. (2012). An Experimental Approach in the Study of the
Humanities. Ermita, Manila: Educational Publishing House.
Dela Cruz et al. (2003). The New Dimensions in Learning English III. Sampaloc,
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Esaak, Shelley (2019).The Important Functions of Art. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-the-functions-of-art- 182414 on
June 18,
Estolas, Josefina V., Clarita G. Javier, & Nieves Pada-Payno. Introduction to
Humanities(Arts for Fine Living). Mandaluyong City: National Book
Store, Inc.
Horowitz, Frederick (1992). More Than You See: A Guide to Art. New York:
Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Merriam Webster. Illustrated Contemporary Dictionary, Encyclopedia
Edition,(Chicago, Illinois: J.G. Feguson, Publishing Co., 1987, pp. 718,
757.
Ortiz, Ma. Aurora R. et al. (1976). Art: Perception and Appreciation. Manila:
University of the East.
Sanchez, Custodiosa A., Paz F. Abad, & Loreta V. Jao. (2001). Introduction to
Humanities. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
33
Retrieved from https://courses.lumenting.com/boundeless

arthistory/chapter/whatis-art/ on September 5, 2018.
Retrieved from
https://news.abscbn.com/news/multimedia/photo/11/26/18/erasing-filipino-
incollege-education on June 19, 2019.
Retrieved from https://arts-literature.blurtit.com/1097823/what-are-the-
functionsof-art on June 19, 2019.
Retrieved from https://www.ironwulf.net/2017/04/10/lakbay-norte-vi-
3pasalubong-cagayan/ on June 19, 2019.
Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-bd&q=Rizal

%27Park+Image on June 19, 2019.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-clothing-1991476 on

August 15, 2020.
Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/CassilyLakeResort/photos/a.211317662790691/21131
7636124027 on August 15, 2020.
Retrieved from https://media.gettyimages.com/photos/claire-danes-is-surprisedas-
leonardo-dicaprio-takes-her-hand-to-kiss-picture-id168603201?s=2048x2048 on
August 15, 2020.
Summary of the Unit
In this Unit, you have found that The Humanities were distinguished from
sciences wherein the Humanities deal with man’s internal world with his
personality and experiences, matters that cannot be measured, classified, or
controlled. On the other hand, sciences deal with the external world of man, as
well as with the facets of man’s being that can be subjected to observation,
measurement, and experimentation. Despite their uniqueness, both the humanities
and the sciences are necessary for the holistic development of an individual ready
to embrace the complexity of the changing world.
Basic concepts and assumptions about art were made clear. Art is the
lifeblood of humanities because it conveys one’s feelings and expressions. Arts
are grouped into two: major arts and minor arts. Major arts include painting,
architecture, sculpture, literature, music, and dance; while minor arts include the
decorative arts, the popular arts, the graphic arts, the plastics arts, and industrial
arts. Further, art has three functions which include personal, social, and physical
functions.
.
34
Reflection
Directions. Choose one or more of the following prompts. What has been your
exposure to art? Has it been primarily from your family? School? Social
activities? Personal explorations? Do you make art? If so, what kind? If you
haven’t made any art, have you ever wanted to? What kind?
Yes, because sometimes when I want to be alone this is what I
wanna do , because I can express my feelings and my emotion in
doing arts.
35

Unit 1: Embracing The Humanities

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Unit 1: Embracing the Humanities

Unit Learning Outcomes

Topic 1: Defining the Humanities

Activating Prior Knowledge

Medieval The humanities dealt with the methaphysics of the

Renaissance The word came to refer to the set of discipline

Sanchez Said that the term “ humanities “ refers to the arts .

Human Sciences Natural Sciences

with the Enable man to

Deal with the

True 3. The humanities’ approach is subjective; it makes much use of

II. What is the value of studying humanities as a student and as a member of

Topic 2: Understanding the Arts

Activating Prior Knowledge

I learn a lot about the

Writers and philosophers defined arts in different ways:

“Art is not, as the metaphysicians say, the manifestation of some

production of pleasing objects, above all, it is not pleasure; but it is a

“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” American writer

“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” Greek philosopher

“All art is social,” because it is the result of a relationship between an

Assumptions about Art

2. Art is not nature.

3. Art is imitating and creating.

Creation in art is the act of

4. Art perfects nature.

Romeo and Juliet by William

Art as Expression and Communication

Art and Experience

Art and Beauty

Reading the Book of Nature

1. What is the image of Nature described in the passage?

2. In what way does the image confirm Nature’s artistry?

2. The His paintaings depict a nation in transition, an

3. Spoliarium Because this famous painting in the Philippines is

oneself to his union.

5. Monalisa – This artwork representation of the idea of

2. Give a situation where an artist could make use of nature in producing an

Artwork Message Photo

TRUE 1. In any society, art has served a particular purpose.

1. How does art involve experience?

Topic 3: Classifying the Arts

Activating Prior Knowledge

Sanchez, Abad, and Jao (2001) grouped arts into:

2. Literature. These include drama, essay, prose fiction, poetry, and

A. Practical or useful arts are those human activities directed to

2. According to Media and Forms

Fine arts or Practical arts

KINETIC ART FINE ART

PURE ART MAJOR ART

MIXED ART MINOR ART

6. Which of the following classification of arts refer to those whose mediums

9. Which of the does not belong to the group?

Da Vinci's Last Supper

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Pietà

Basilica Minore, Piat 23

Topic 4: Knowing the Functions of Arts

Activating Prior Knowledge

https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/multimedia/photo/11/26/18/erasing -filipino-in-colleg e-education

MORE THAN YOU SEE: THE MANY FUNCTIONS OF ART

Art has many different functions in human history. Each society

Art functions as:

1. An agent of magic (to ensure a successful hunt, perpetuate the soul