Final test in Statistics for Bio.

Undergraduate Students 115

NAMA : Reyhan Daffa Fadhil
NIM : 1304620084
KElAS : Pendidikan Biologi A 2020

1. You have a friend named susy and she has formulated her research problem, is there
any relationship between students’ self efficacy (X) with students’ learning outcome
in Angiosperm (Y)? So that is why her hypothesis stated as “there is positive
relationship between X and Y.” When her pairing interval data shown as follows,
help her to test her hypothesis at 0.01 level of significant;

X:7,9,9,9,8,8,8,7,7,8,6,7,6,6,7,8,9,8,7,7,8,8,7,6,9
Y:8,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,9,8,7,7,6,8,8,9,7,8,7,7,9,9,7,7,8

Answer:
Uji Hipotesis Model Regresi Linier Sederhana
Model regresi
Maka model regresi dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :
Y = 5,75 + 0,25X
Hipotesis
𝑎. 𝐻0 ∶ Model regresi tidak signifikan 𝑏. 𝐻0 : Bentuk hubungan linier
𝐻1 ∶ Model regresi signifikan 𝐻1 ∶ Bentuk hubungan tidak linie

Perhitungan
∑ 𝑋 = 189
∑ 𝑌 = 191
∑ 𝑋2 = 1453

∑ 𝑌2 = 1475

∑ 𝑋𝑌
= 1450
n = 25
k=4
Y = 5,75 + 0,25x

JK (T) = ∑ 𝑌2 = 1475
∑ 𝑌2
JK (a) = = 59
𝑛
(∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌)
JK (b/a) = b[∑ 𝑋 𝑌 − ] = 0,25[1450 − 1443,96] = 0,25[6,24] = 1,51
𝑛

JK (S) = JK(T) – JK (a) - JK (b/a) = 1475 – 59 – 1,51 = 1414,49

Tabel Pengelompokan data untuk menghitung JK(G)

X Y

6 6
6 7
6 7
6 7
7 7
7 7
 7 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 8
9 8
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9

JK(G)

= 1238,65
JK(TC) = JK(S) – JK(G) = 1414,49 – 1238,65= 175,84

Derajat kebebasan (dk)

𝑑𝑘 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑛 = 25
𝑑𝑘 (𝑎) = 1
𝑑𝑘 (𝑏/𝑎) = 1
𝑑𝑘 (𝑆) = 25 – 2 = 23
𝑑𝑘 (𝑇𝐶) = 4 – 2 = 2
𝑑𝑘 (𝐺) = 25 – 4 = 21
Rata-rata jumlah kuadrat (RJK)

PENGUJIAN MODEL REGRESI

𝑏
𝑅𝐽𝐾( ) 1,51
𝑎
F-hitung = 𝑅𝐽𝐾 (𝑠) = 61,49 = 0,024

F-tabel (0.01)(1)(23) = 7,88

Kriteria pengujian
Terima 𝐻0 jika F-Hitung ≤ F-tabel
Tolak 𝐻0 jika F-hitung > F-tabel

Kesimpulan
Karena F-hitung ≤ F-tabel yaitu 0,024 ≤ 7,88 , maka 𝐻0 diterima yang berarti
model regresi
Y = 5,75 + 0.25X tidak signifikan.

PENGUJIAN LINEARITAS

F-hitung
F-tabel(0.01)(2)(21) = 5,66

Kriteria pengujian

Terima 𝐻0 jika F-Hitung ≤ F-tabel

Tolak 𝐻0 jika F-hitung > F-tabel
Kesimpulan
Karena F-hitung < F-tabel yaitu 1,49 < 5,66 , maka 𝐻0 diterima yang berarti
bentuk hubungan antara efikasi diri siswa (X) dengan hasil belajar siswa pada
Angiosperma (Y)

PERHITUNGAN KOEFISEN KORELASI MENGGUNAKAN SKOR

MENTAH

PENGUJIAN KOEFISIEN KORELASI Hipotesis

𝐻0: ∫ 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝐻1: ∫ 𝑥𝑦 > 0

Data sampel

n = 25

∑ 𝑋 = 189
∑ 𝑋2 = 1453

∑ 𝑌 = 191
∑ 𝑌2 = 1475

∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 1450
 Perhitungan

t-hitung

t-tabel = t(0.01)(23) = 2,4999

Kriteria pengujian
Terima 𝐻0 jika t-Hitung < t-tabel
Tolak 𝐻0 jika t-hitung > t-tabel

Kesimpulan
Tolak 𝐻0 pada 𝛼 = 0.01 yang berarti koefisien korelasi sangat signifikan pada 𝛼
= 0.01.

2. There is an hypothesis stated as “students’ learning outcome in Natural

Sciences (A) depends on their sexual differences (B), if their data could be
put into columns and rows, test its hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant;
A: Columns
A1 (scores 2-4) = 5 male and 7 female students
A2 (5-7) = 11 male and 17 female students
A3 (8 -10 ) = 7 male and 13 female students.

Answer:

UJI KHI KUADRAT (UJI 𝑿𝟐)

𝐻0 : Terdapat hubungan yang independen antar hasil belajar individu dengan gender
𝐻1 : Terdapat hubungan yang dependen antara hasil belajar individu dengan gender
 Data Nominal Ilustratif

Hasil belajar ke-

Gender 𝑨𝟏 𝑨𝟐 𝑨𝟑 ∑ tepi
Male (𝑩𝟏) 5 11 7 23
Female (𝑩𝟐) 7 17 13 37
∑ tepi 12 28 20 n = 60

Selisih Frekuensi dan 𝑿𝟐 Hitung

FA FH = (n) (JTK/n) (JTB/n) (𝑭𝑨 − 𝑭𝑯)𝟐/𝑭𝑯

5 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟏𝟐/𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟑/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟒, 𝟔 0,0347

11 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟖/𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟑/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟕𝟑 0,0067

7 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟎/𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟑/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟕, 𝟔 0,0473

7 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟏𝟐/𝟔𝟎)(𝟑𝟕/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟕, 𝟒 0,0216

17 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟖/𝟔𝟎)(𝟑𝟕/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟏𝟕, 𝟐𝟔 0,0039

13 (𝟔𝟎)(𝟐𝟎/𝟔𝟎)(𝟑𝟕/𝟔𝟎) = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟑 0,0398

∑ 0,154

Maka, tabel (0,05)(2) = 5,9915 untuk batas atas

Oleh karena itu, :
Tolak bila X2 - hitung > 5,9915
Terima bila X2 - hitung ≤ 5,9915
Kesimpulan:

Kita dapat melihat bahwa diterima pada . Artinya, ada

hubungan yang independen antara hasil belajar biologi siswa dengan jenis
kelamin. Dengan kata lain, jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil
belajar biologi siswa.
3. If you are assigned to do an experiment by your leader and the main effect is
about ONLINE teaching strategies which consisted of three strategies
namely by google classroom (A), google meet (B), and by zoom (C), and its
effect on students’ learning outcome in ecological concepts (Y), test its
hypothesis that stated “there is a different of Y due to the effect of A, B and
C ” at 0.05 based on interval data as follows;

A: 5,5,6,4,4,7,6,6,5,7,8,7,5,4,4,6,5,7,8
B: 7,7,6,5,6,7,8,7,6,5,6,7,8,6,8,9,9,7,6
C: 8,8,9,8,9,6,8,8,7,6,8,9,9,8,8,9,7,8,9
Answer :

Hipotesis

H0 : µ𝐴 = µ𝐵 = µ𝐶 = 0
H1 : salah satu rata-rata ada yang tidak sama
H0 : µ1 - µ3 = 0

Perhitungan

A B C
4 5 6
4 5 6
4 6 7
4 6 7
5 6 8
5 6 8
5 6 8
5 6 8
5 7 8
6 7 8
6 7 8
6 7 8
6 7 8
7 7 9
7 8 9
7 8 9
7 8 9
8 9 9
8 9 9
109 134 143
Diketahui:

rata-rata (X1) = 5,74

rata-rata (X2) = 7,05

rata-rata (X3) = 7,53

𝛴𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 386

N = 57
n = 19

JK (T) = 4² + 4² +4² + 4² + 5² + 5² + 5² + 5² + 5² + 5² + 5² + 6² + 6² +6² + 6² + 6² + 6²

+ 6² + 6² +6² + 6² + 6² + 6² + 7² + 7² + 7² + 7² + 7² +7² + 7² + 7² + 7² + 7² +
7² +7² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² + 8² +8² + 8² + 9²
+ 9² + 9² +9²+ 9² + 9² + 9² + 9² - (386² /57)

= 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25+ 36 + 36 + 36 + 36
+ 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 36 + 49 + 49 + 49 + 49 + 49 + 49 +
49 + 49 + 49 + 49 +49+ 49+ 64+ 64 + 64+ 64+ 64+ 64+ 64 +64 + 64 + 64
+ 64 + 64 + 64 + 64 + 81 + 81 + 81+ 81+ 81 + 81 + 81 + 81– (148996/57)

= 189,03
K= 3

JK(AK)
JK(DK) = 189,03 – 32,6 = 156,43
Dk (AK) = K - 1
=3-1=2

dk (DK) = K (n - 1)
= 3 (19 - 1) = 54
dk(T) = N-1 = 57-1 = 56
 RJK (AK) = JK (AK) / dk (AK) = 32,6 / 2 = 16,3
RJK (DK) = JK (DK) / dk (DK) = 156,43/ 54 = 29

Fhitung = RJK (AK) / RJK (DK)

= 16,3 / 2,9 = 5,62
Ftabel = (F (0,05) (2) (54))
= 3,18

Maka, tolak H0 jika F. Hitung > 3,18

Terima H0 jika F. Hitung ≤ 3,18

Kesimpulan
Karena F𝐻𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > F𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 yaitu 5,62 > 3,18, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 diterima
dengan α = 0,05. Artinya, tidak ada perbedaan nilai rata-rata kelompok biologi
dibandingkan dengan keempat kelompok di sekolah. Metode Tuckey, digunakan
untuk mengetahui rata-rata kelompok mana yang signifikan.

METODE TUCKEY

𝑋̅1 = 5,74
𝑋̅2= 7,05
𝑋̅3= 7,53

Ftabel = F (0,05) (54) (3) = 8,58

q1

= -3,36

q2
 q3

q1 < Ftabel (Perbedaan tak signifikan)

q2< Ftabel (Perbedaan tak signifikan)
q3 < Ftabel (Perbedaan tak signifikan)

Kesimpulan:

Disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan rata-rata antara 𝑋̅1, 𝑋̅2, dan 𝑋̅3 tidak signifikan.

4. An hypothesis stated that “students’ learning outcome in basic psychology would be

higher when it was taught by project based learning (PBL) plus lecture (X) rather than
by PBL + online (Y). Try to verify this hypothesis at 0.05, if the data found as follow,
but unfortunately those group of data was not derived from sample which originally
did not come from population that was normally distributed.

X: 6,7,6,6,8,7,9,7,8,6,7
Y: 7,7,6,7,6,6,8,9,7,6,8,9,9,8,7
Answer:

UJI MANN WHITNEY (UJI-U)

X 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9
Y 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9

Hipotesis

𝐻0: 𝜇𝑥 − 𝜇𝑦 = 0
𝐻1: 𝜇𝑥 − 𝜇𝑦 ≠ 0
Data sampel
𝑋̅ = 7
𝑌̅ = 7

Karena 𝑋̅ < 𝑌̅ maka ranking disusun dari skor kecil ke skor besar

Wx = 134,5

Wy = 203,5

PENGUJIAN DENGAN RUMUS:

Z
Dimana,

n = nx + ny n = 26

= √(0,25)(1462,5) − (117)

= √248,625 = 15,77

Jadi,
Z

Z-tabel = 0,1857

Kriteria pengujian

Tolak 𝐻0 jika Z-tabel < -0,89

Terima 𝐻0 jika Z-tabel > -0,89
 Kesimpulan

Terdapat perbedaan hasil mengajar by project based learning (PBL) plus lecture dan
by project based learning PBL + online

5. you want to verify that your product let’s say, called “BioTect” would be
effective in improving student’s learning outcome in Histology, try to test its
effectiveness at alpha 0.01, when interval data shown as follow

X group: Before reading (Xpre) 4,5,5,6,6,5,4,4,5,4,5,5,4,6,5,4,4,3,3

After reading (Xpost) 8,8,7,8,7,7,8,6,7,8,9,8,8,7,9,8,7,6,6

C-group: Before not read anything (Cpre) 4,4,4,5,5,5,4,3,3,4,4,5,5,4,4,4,3,3,5

After nothing (Cpost) 4,4,4,5,5,5,4,3,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,5,4,3,4

Answer:

UJI SELISIH DUA RATA-RATA INDEPENDEN ANAKOVA

Tabel Data Kelompok X

Xpre = 𝑋1, Xpost = 𝑋2
 𝑿𝟏 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟏𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝟐 𝑿𝟏𝑿𝟐
3 6 9 36 18
3 6 9 36 18
4 6 16 36 24
4 7 16 49 28
4 7 16 49 28
4 7 16 49 28
4 7 16 49 28
4 7 16 49 28
4 7 16 49 28
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
5 8 25 64 40
6 8 36 64 48
6 9 36 81 48
6 9 36 81 48
∑ 𝑋1 = 87 ∑ 𝑋2 = 142 ∑ 𝑋12 = 413 ∑ 𝑋22 = 1076 ∑ 𝑋1𝑋2 = 652

Tabel Data Kelompok C

Cpre = 𝐶1, Cpost = 𝐶2

𝑪𝟏
𝑪𝟐 𝑪𝟏𝑪𝟐
3 3 9 9 9

3 3 9 9 9

3 3 9 9 9

3 4 9 16 12

4 4 16 16 16
 4 4 16 16 16

4 4 16 16 16

4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 5 16 25 20
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25

Untuk kelompok X
;

Jumlah kuadrat

Hipotesis:
Dari rumus di atas, untuk mendapatkan koefisien korelasi antara (𝑋1 dan 𝐶1) dan (𝑋2
dan 𝐶2), hitunglah koefisien korelasi antara 𝑋1 dan 𝑋2 serta 𝐶1 dan 𝐶2 dengan rumus
Pearson.

T hitung menjadi:

Nilai t hitung sebesar -38,01 tidak dapat melebihi nilai 𝑡(0,01)(19) pada t tabel 2,539.
Artinya
𝐻0 pada 𝛼 = 0,01 diterima untuk hasil belajar siswa pada bidang histologi.