CHEM 16 LAB – SAMPLE SECOND LONG EXAM

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Answer the following by writing the best answer from the choices.

1. Given metals A, X, Y, and Z and their corresponding oxidation-reduction reactions, which is the correct order of
increasing oxidizing property?
A2+ + Z → A + Z2+
Z2+ + X → Z + X2+
Y2+ + X → no reaction
 A<Z<X<Y  A2+ < Z2+ < X2+ < Y2+  Y<X<Z<A  Y2+ < X2+ < Z2+ < A2+
2. The reaction of potassium permanganate and sodium sulfite in basic medium produces a:
 brown precipitate due to formation of MnO2
 colorless solution due to formation of Mn2+
 green solution due to formation of MnO42–
 purple solution due to formation of MnO4–
3. In the calorimetry experiment, the calibrated calorimeter consists of:
 test tube only
 test tube, thermometer and cork
 test tube, thermometer, cork and the styroball
 test tube, thermometer, cork, water and the styroball
4. In the calorimetry experiment, which of the following equations is INCORRECT?
 𝑞rxn = −𝑞cal
 𝑞cal = 𝐶cal ∆𝑇
 𝑞rxn = −𝑛LR ∆𝐻rxn
𝐶cal (𝑇𝑖 −𝑇𝑓 )
 ∆𝐻rxn = 𝑛LR
5. Which of the following ion : confirmatory test result is INCORRECTLY paired?
 phosphate : white precipitate with MgCl2  iodide : pink toluene layer with FeCl3 and toluene
 iron(III) : blood red solution with KSCN  zinc : yellow precipitate with K4Fe(CN)6
6. Which of the following anions will form a precipitate when acidified Ba(NO3)2 is added?
 carbonate  phosphate  sulfate  all of these
7. Which of the following has a pOH less than 7?
 1.0 M NaNO3  1.0 M CH3COOH  0.70 M NaOH  0.70 M H2CO3
8. Which of the following statements is true?
 pH of 0.1 M NaOH < pH of 1.0 M HCl  pH of 0.1 M NaCl > pH of 0.1 M NaOH
 pOH of vinegar > pOH of detergent  pOH of 0.1 M CH3COOH > pOH of 0.1 M HCl
9. Which of the following is correctly paired?
 Arrhenius base: NH3  Bronsted acid: AlCl3  Arrhenius acid: HCl  Lewis acid: H2O
10. Which of the following substances contains predominantly a base constituent?
 baking soda  vinegar  soft drinks  table salt
11. If aqueous solutions of sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid are mixed, which of the following results should be
expected?
 evolution of gas  a pungent gas will be formed
 production of sour-smelling substance  no reaction will be observed
12. Which of the following aqueous solutions will give the highest freezing point?
 1.00 m sucrose  0.05 m glucose  0.05 m NaCl  0.05 m Ba(CH3COO)2
13. Which of the following statements is incorrect about colligative properties?
 The vapor pressure of the solution is greater than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
 The boiling point of the solution is greater than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
  The freezing point of the solution is lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
 None of the above
14. The mole ratio of magnesium solid and hydrogen gas in the Gases experiment is:
 1:2  2:1  3:1  1:1
15. In the Gases experiment, which of the following is always true?
 Ptrapped air = Pdry air  Ptrapped air < Pdry air  Ptrapped air > Pdry air  None of these
16. The red orange solution formed when KI and I2 is mixed suggests that:
 KI in water is red orange.  I2 is polar.
 KI increases the solubility of I2 in water.  I2 and KI are insoluble in water.
17. In the Solubility experiment, which of the following statements is incorrect?
 Water dissolves NaCl better than ethanol, because water is more polar than ethanol.
 Glycerol is a non-polar substance; hence, it will be miscible in toluene.
 Naphthalene and toluene has similar polarity thereby producing a homogeneous solution.
 Upon addition of KI, I2 was made soluble in water because of the formation of an ionic species.
18. If an exothermic dissolution process is cooled, what would be the observed result?
 Increase in the amount of solid  The solute will crystallize
 Decrease in the amount of solid  No effect
19. Consider the hypothetical indicator, HIn:
HIn (yellow) ⇄ H+ + In– (blue)
What will be the color of the indicator when it is placed in basic medium?
 yellow  blue  green  colorless
20. Which of the following is NOT true for the paper chromatography experiment performed in class?
 The stationary phase is water bound to cellulose fibers in the filter paper.
 The mobile phase is dilute aqueous sodium chloride solution.
 The experiment is an example of reverse-phase chromatography.
 The more polar components of the sample have the higher Rf values.
For numbers 21 and 22, consider the paper chromatogram shown at the right, using
different dyes as solutes and 70% isopropyl alcohol as mobile phase.
21. Which of the dyes is the most polar?
 pink  orange
 yellow  purple
22. Which of the dyes has the smallest retention factor?
 pink  orange
 yellow  purple
23. Distillation is a process used to separate components of different:
 molecular weights  polarities
 vapor pressures  freezing points
24. Which of the following statements is true about the distillation experiment?
 Water has a lower boiling point than isopropyl alcohol.
 Isopropyl alcohol has a higher vapor pressure than water.
 In the distillation set-up, the three-way adapter is connected to the receiving flask.
 The receiving flask would collect distilled water isolated from rubbing alcohol.

II. BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS. Balance the following redox reactions in the indicated medium.

1. P4(s) + NO3–(aq) → H3PO4(aq) + NO(g) [acidic medium]

2. ClO3–(aq) + Si(s) → Cl–(aq) + SiO32–(aq) [basic medium]
III. PROBLEM SOLVING. Solve the following problems. Show complete solutions and box final answers.

1. A Styrofoam ball calorimeter was calibrated by mixing 3.00 mL of 0.293 M NaOH and 2.50 mL of 0.425 M HCl; the
temperature increased from 29.18°C to 30.27°C. Next, 5.00 mL of 0.374 M HNO3 was mixed with 4.00 mL of 0.281
M Ba(OH)2 in the calorimeter, after which the temperature increased from 29.31°C to 31.71°C.
a. Calculate the heat capacity of the calorimeter (in J/K).
b. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Ba(OH)2 and HNO3.
c. What is the experimental ∆Hrxn for Ba(OH)2 and HNO3?
d. Calculate the percent error for ∆Hrxn.
Given: ∆Hrxn = –55.8 kJ/mol for H+ + OH– → H2O

2. Complete the chart below with the formula of the unknown ions (1 to 4) and the ions or compounds (5 to 10)
responsible for the listed visible results.
Unknown ions (1 to 4)

+ 1 drop NaOH + excess Ba(NO3)2 + KMnO4, HNO3,

toluene
Orange precipitate: (5) White precipitate: (8) Pink toluene layer: (10)
White precipitate: (6)

+ excess NaOH + excess CH3COOH

Orange precipitate White precipitate dissolved with

White precipitate dissolved: (7) effervescence. The chemical
formula of the effervescence
produced: (9)

3. A group of Chem 16 students found an unknown metal in the laboratory. With the help of their instructor, they
found out that it forms a monovalent ion in solution. They decided to determine its identity using the eudiometer
experiment. After allowing the eudiometer to cool after the reaction, the following data were obtained:
Barometric pressure 748.1 mmHg
Temperature of the surroundings 28.0 °C
Vapor pressure of water at 28 °C 28.3 torr
Level of water inside the eudiometer 3.20 cm above the level of water in beaker
Volume of air collected 38.3 mL
Mass of metal (M) used 0.250 g
a. Write the balanced chemical reaction representing the dissolution of M in the presence of HCl.
b. Calculate the atomic mass of metal M.
c. What is the identity of M?

4. Calculate the pH of a solution formed by mixing 20.00 mL of 0.124 M barium hydroxide and 15.00 mL of 0.183 M
nitric acid.
ANSWER KEY

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Y2+ < X2+ < Z2+ < A2+ [activity series of metals: A < Z < X < Y]
2. green solution due to formation of MnO42–
3. test tube, thermometer, cork, water and the styroball
4. 𝑞rxn = −𝑛LR ∆𝐻rxn [the correct equation is 𝑞rxn = 𝑛LR ∆𝐻rxn ; note that last equation is still correct]
5. zinc : yellow precipitate with K4Fe(CN)6
6. sulfate
7. 0.70 M NaOH [pOH < 7 means than pH > 7, basic]
8. pOH of vinegar > pOH of detergent
9. Arrhenius acid: HCl
10. baking soda
11. production of sour-smelling substance
12. 0.05 m glucose
Highest freezing point: lowest value of i × m
 Sucrose: im = (1)(1.00 m) = 1.00 m
 Glucose: im = (1)(0.05 m) = 0.05 m
 NaCl: im = (2)(0.05 m) = 0.10 m
 Ba(CH3COO)2: im = (3)(0.05 m) = 0.15 m
13. The vapor pressure of the solution is greater than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
14. 1:1
15. Ptrapped air > Pdry air
Ptrapped air – Pwater = Pdry air
16. KI increases the solubility of I2 in water.
17. Glycerol is a non-polar substance hence it will be miscible in toluene.
18. Decrease in the amount of solid
19. blue [color of basic form In–]
20. The experiment is an example of reverse-phase chromatography.
21. purple [stationary phase is more polar than mobile phase, so the most polar travels the nearest]
22. purple
23. vapor pressures
24. Isopropyl alcohol has a higher vapor pressure than water.

II. BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS

1. P4(s) + NO3–(aq) → H3PO4(aq) + NO(g) [acidic medium]

– + –
Reduction: [ NO3 + 4 H + 3 e → NO + 2 H2O ] × 20  20 NO3– + 80 H+ + 60 e– → 20 NO + 40 H2O
Oxidation: [ P4 + 16 H2O → 4 H3PO4 + 20 H+ + 20 e– ] × 3  3 P4 + 48 H2O → 12 H3PO4 + 60 H+ + 60 e–
Net ionic equation: 3 P4(s) + 20 NO3–(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 20 H+(aq) → 12 H3PO4(aq) + 20 NO(g)

2. ClO3–(aq) + Si(s) → Cl–(aq) + SiO32–(aq) [basic medium]

– + – –
Reduction: [ ClO3 + 6 H + 6 e → Cl + 3 H2O ] × 2  2 ClO3– + 12 H+ + 12 e– → 2 Cl– + 6 H2O
2– + –
Oxidation: [ Si + 3 H2O → SiO3 + 6 H + 4 e ] × 3  3 Si + 9 H2O → 3 SiO32– + 18 H+ + 12 e–
Net ionic equation: 2 ClO3–(aq) + 3 Si(s) + 3 H2O(l) → 2 Cl–(aq) + 3 SiO32–(aq) + 6 H+(aq)
2 ClO3–(aq) + 3 Si(s) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 OH–(aq) → 2 Cl–(aq) + 3 SiO32–(aq) + 6 H+(aq) + 6 OH–(aq)
2 ClO3–(aq) + 3 Si(s) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 OH–(aq) → 2 Cl–(aq) + 3 SiO32–(aq) + 6 H2O(l)
 2 ClO3–(aq) + 3 Si(s) + 6 OH–(aq) → 2 Cl–(aq) + 3 SiO32–(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

III. PROBLEM SOLVING

1.
a. mmol NaOH = (3.00 mL)(0.293 M) = 0.879 mmol
mmol HCl = (2.50 mL)(0.425 M) = 1.0625 mmol
LR is NaOH
Ccal = –∆HrxnnLR/∆T = –(–55.8 kJ/mol)(0.879 × 10–3 mol)/(30.27°C – 29.18°C) = 0.0450 kJ/°C = 45.0 J/K
b. Balanced equation: 2 HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
c. mmol HNO3 = (5.00 mL)(0.374 M) = 1.87 mmol
mmol Ba(OH)2 = (4.00 mL)(0.281 M) = 1.124 mmol
LR is HNO3
∆H = –Ccal∆T/nLR = –(0.0450 kJ/°C)(31.71°C – 29.31°C)/(1.87 × 10–3 mol HNO3) = –57.75 kJ/mol HNO3
= –57.75 kJ/mol HNO3 × (2 mol HNO3 / 1 mol Ba(OH)2) = –115.5 kJ/mol for the reaction as written above
d. Theoretical ∆Hrxn = –55.8 kJ/mol OH– × (2 mol OH– / 1 mol Ba(OH)2) = –111.6 kJ/mol Ba(OH)2
% error = |[–115.5 – (–111.6)]/( –111.6)| × 100% = 3.50%

2.
1, 2, 3, 4 (in any order) = Fe3+, Zn2+, CO32–, I–
5 = Fe(OH)3
6 = Zn(OH)2
7 = [Zn(OH)4]2–
8 = BaCO3
9 = CO2
10 = I2

3.
a. M is monovalent: 2 M(s) + 2 HCl(aq)  2 MCl(aq) + H2(g)
b. If water in eudiometer is above the water in beaker:
Ptrapped air = Pbar – h/13.6 = 748.1 mmHg – (32.0/13.6) = 745.747 mmHg
Pdry air = Ptrapped air – Pwater vapor = 745.747 mmHg – 28.3 mmHg = 717.447 mmHg
nH2 = Pdry airVH2/RT = [(717.447 mmHg)(1 atm / 760 mmHg)(0.0383 L)]/[(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(28 + 273.15 K)] = 0.001462
mol H2
mol M = (0.001462 mol H2) (2 mol M / 1 mol H2) = 0.002925 mol M
atomic mass of M = 0.250 g / 0.002925 mol = 85.47 g/mol
c. The metal is rubidium (Rb)

4.
Reaction: Ba(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
mmol Ba(OH)2 = (20.00 mL)(0.124 M) = 2.48 mmol → will react with (2)(2.48 mmol) = 4.96 mmol HNO3
mmol HNO3 = (15.00 mL)(0.183 M) = 2.745 mmol → limiting reactant (less than 4.96 mmol)
Thus, the excess is Ba(OH)2, and the solution is expected to be basic.
mmol excess Ba(OH)2 = 2.48 mmol – (½)(2.745 mmol) = 1.1075 mmol excess Ba(OH)2
mmol excess OH– = (1.1075 mmol Ba(OH)2) (2 mmol OH– / 1 mmol Ba(OH)2) = 2.215 mmol OH–
[OH–] = (2.215 mmol)/(20.00 mL + 15.00 mL) = 0.063285714 M
pOH = –log [OH–] = –log (0.063285714) = 1.20
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 1.20 = 10.80