Elements and the Periodic Table

Lewis Diagram (Electron Dot

Diagram)
—  Todraw, show electrons in the
highest (outer) energy levels only
(valence e-).

—  e.g.
hydrogen nitrogen chlorine

H N Cl
Lewis Electron Dot Diagram

—  Atoms with a full outer energy level

are stable
—  Called “stable octet”
—  e.g.
helium neon

He Ne
Periodic Table
Short form

Expanded form
Periodic Law
Periodic table organizes elements so…
i.  elements with similar chemical and
physical properties are in same group
ii.  metals/nonmetals are separated
iii. the elements are arranged in increasing
order by their atomic number
iv. the properties of the elements recur
periodically
Main Group and Transition Elements
-refer to BLM 4.4.a

Main Group
(IA – VIIIA)

Transition
Elements
(3-12)
(IIIB-IIB)

Inner
Transition
Elements
Lanthanides
Actinides
Periodic Trends...
•  repeating patterns that result from
organizing elements by their
increasing atomic number
•  linked to the way in which electrons
occupy and fill energy levels.
 Main Group and Transition Elements
Groups 1-18 (Families I-VIII)

Same # valence e-
Periods 1-7
(Rows)

valence e- in
same outer level
Periodic Table - Examples
Group 15 (Family VA)
N
P
As
Sb
Bi

—  all elements in Family VA have 5

valence electrons
—  an element’s Family # is the same
as the # of valence e- for the
element
Periodic Table - Examples
Period 2 (Row 2)
Li Be B C N O F Ne

—  An element’s period # is the same as

the # of energy levels that the electrons
of it’s atoms occupy
—  e.g.
—  Period 1 e- in one energy level
—  Period 2 e- in two energy levels
—  Period 4 e- in four energy levels
Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids

Metals

Non-metals

Metalloids
Chemical Groups (Families)

Alkali Metals
(IA not H)
Alkaline Earth
Metals
(IIA)

Halogens
(VIIA)
Noble Gases
(VIIIA)

Hydrogen
(IA)