A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 10

EMILY L. ALONZO

I. Objectives:
At the end of the session, the students must have;
1. Used the formula in finding, the combination of n objects taken r at a time;
2. Differentiated permutation from combination; and
3. Appreciated the importance of permutation and combination in the real life
scenario
II. Subject Matter
Topic: Combination
Materials: PowerPoint Presentation
Chalk and board
III. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Good afternoon class! Good afternoon Teachers.

Before you could take your seat, kindly (students pick up pieces of papers in the
arrange your chairs and pick up pieces floor and arrange their chairs)
of papers on the floor.

A. Motivation
Are you ready for our new topic for Yes Sir.
today class?

That’s good! Well then to have some Definitely Sir.

idea on what is our topic all about, let’s
gonna have some game called “Combine
Me”. This game is a group activity. The
right side would be group 1 and the left
side would be group 2. Are you excited?

But before that, let’s have the mechanics Yes Sir!

of the game. Each group should select a
representative to answer for the group.
Groupmates are allowed to coach the
representative. If the representative
could not answer and admit to surrender,
then the other members have the right to
answer the problem. The group who got
the highest score will be the winner of
the game. We will only giving you 1
minute to answer per problem. Do you
understand class?
Let’s start the game!
1. Apple, banana, papaya, pineapple, Sir, the outcome that I get is fruit salad.
melon, avocado, nestle cream,
condense milk

Thank you! How about for the other Sir, I got the same answer which is fruit
group? salad.

Yes, both of you got the correct

answer but group 2 was the one who
got it first. So, the group 2 will
receive 1 point.

2. Bitter gourd, eggplant, squash, yard- Pinakbet

long beans, bagoong
3. Tapa, fried rice, fried egg Tapsilog
4. Hotdog, ground pork, tomato sauce, Spaghetti
cheese, condense milk, pasta
5. Nestle cream, macaroni, condense Macaroni salad
milk, pineapple, fruit cocktail

B. Discussion Proper
Last meeting class, we discussed about
permutation. Now, what have you
learned last session? Any volunteer? Yes Tristan: Last meeting Sir, we tackle about
Tristan. permutation. I’ve learned that in
permutation arrangement does natter.
Very good.
How about the others? Yes Josh.

Josh: There are two kinds of permutation;

That’s right! Thank you Josh. permutation where some objects are alike
and circular permutation.

Based on our game earlier, what would Bill Allan: Sir, it is combination.
be our topic for today?

Very good! Our topic for today class is

all about combination.
Who among you here knows what a Frits Capuyan: Combination is a selection
combination is? of r objects from n objects in which order is
not important.
Exactly! Very good Fritz Capuyan.
It is the arrangement of r objects taken
from n objects where r ≤ n in which the
order of the objects is not significant.

To clearly understand combination, let’s

have some examples.
Example:
Consider the letters ABCD and take
three letters at a time without repeating
of the letters.
1. If order is significant.
2. If order is not significant.
Now, let’s solve the first the number 1.

1. If the order is significant class, we

have,
4! 4!
4P3 = = = 4∙3∙2 = 24 Vicc:
( 4−3 ) ! 1 !
Now, who can write on the board the ABC ABD ACD BCD
24 possible arrangements of 3 ACB ADB ADC BDC
objects? BAC BAD CAD CBD
Yes Vicc. BCA BDA CDA DBC
CAB DAB DAC CBD
CBA DBA DCA DCB
Thank you Sir.
All: Yes Sir.

Thank you Vicc.

You did it well. Is that clear class?

How about for number 2 class? If the

order is not significant, we have the
following groups of 3 objects.
ABC ABD ACD BCD
Janrei: I notice that there are 24
There are only 4 out of 24 selections
arrangements of the letters in which the
that are observed.
order is significant, while there are only 4
In the given example class, what arrangements when the order is not
have you notice? significant.
Very well said! Thank you Janrei.
By observation class, for any r
objects taken from n, r may permute
in r! ways. Thus, to get the number
of combinations, we divide,
nPr by r!
nCr
nCr = Which is similar to
r!
1
nCr = nPr ∙
r! The combination of n objects taken at a
time is given by
n!
Substituting nPr by We get, n!
( n−r ) ! nCr =
r ! ∙ ( n−r ) !
n!
nCr =
r ! ∙ ( n−r ) !

Please read class.

C. Activity
Yes Sir.
Using the formula above class, let’s
have examples.
Solve the following
1. 5C3 Nicole:
2. 7C5
n!
1. n Cr =
r ! ∙ ( n−r ) !
You may use your calculator class
but make sure that you will show 5! 5∙ 4 ∙3 ! 20
5C3 = = = = 10
your solution. Is that clear class? 3! (5−3 ) ! 3 !2 ! 2

n!
Nicole will answer for no.1, and then 2. n Cr =
r ! ( n−r ) !
followed by Seth for no. 2.
7! 7 ∙6 ∙ 5 ! 42
7 C5 = = = = 21
5! (7−5 ) ! 5 !2! 2

Thank you Nicole and Seth. Let’s

check if your answer is correct.
(Teacher will check his/her solution)

D. Application

Let’s proceed to another example.

1. How many combinations are

possible from the letters J, A, C,
O, and B if the letters are taken:
a. One at a time?
b. Two at a time?
c. Three at a time?
Since there are 5 letters, we have
n=5
a. One at a time
We have,
5! 5∙4!
5C1 = = =5
1! (5−1 !) 1! ∙ 4 !

How about for letter b. any n!

volunteer? Yes Melanie. Melanie: Using the formula nCr =
r ! ( n−r ) !

We have,

5! 5∙ 4 ∙3 ! 20
5C2 = = = = 10
2! ( 5−2 ) ! 2 ! ∙ 3! 2

Very good Melanie.

Is your answer the same as Melanie

class? How about for c?

Yes Kent.

n!
Kent: Again using the formula nCr =
r ! ( n−r ) !

5! 5∙ 4 ∙3 ! 20
5C3 = = = = 10
3! (5−3 ) ! 3 ! ∙ 2! 2
Very good Kent!

2. In how many ways can an

examination committee of 4 be
chosen from 9 teachers?
Solution:
In the stated problem class, the
order has nothing to do with
 membership in the committee,
the 4 members may be selected
in
9! 9 ∙8 ∙ 7 ∙6 ∙ 5 !
9C4 = = =
4 ! ( 9−4 ) ! 4 ! ∙5 !
126 ways
3. In a class of 15 boys and 20 girls,
in how many ways can a
committee made up of 3 boys
and 2 girls be selected?

Very good Blessy. Since order has

nothing to do with membership in the
committee, the boys can be selected
in C (15, 3) ways and the girls can be
selected in C (20, 2) ways.

Blessy:
Let’s have an example on probability C (15, 3) x C (20, 2) = 455 x 190 = 86, 450
using combinations.

4. For her birthday, Monica can

invite 6 of her 20 friends to join
her at a theme park. If she
chooses to invite friends at
random, what is the probability
that her friends Jessa, Guido,
Brendan, Faith, Charlotte, and
Rhianna are chosen?

Since the order in which the

friends are chosen does not
matter, the number of possible
outcomes in the sample space is
the number of combinations of
20 people taken 6 at a time, 20C6.
20 !
20C6 =
6 ! ( 20−6 ) !
20∙ 19 ∙18 ∙ 17 ∙16 ∙ 15∙ 14 !
=
6 ! ∙14 !
= 38, 760
So, the probability of these six friends
1
being chosen is since there is
38,760
only 1 favorable outcome that the 6
 students listed above is chosen.

What is the difference between

combination and permutation? Jennifer:

The difference between permutation and

combination is that when the order doesn’t
Definitely correct! matter it is combination while in permutation
the order does matter.

E. Generalization
Now class, who can summarize our
lesson for today?
Yes Joshua Joshua: In other words, permutation is an
ordered combination.
Thank you Joshua.

IV. Evaluation
Solve the following:
1. In how many can a committee of three be formed from a group of 10
members?
2. In how many ways can Tony choose three books from a list of 8 books?
3. There are 11 contestants for the amateur singing contest and only 5 will be
chosen as finalists. How many ways can they be arranged

V. Assignment
1. In how many ways can Romy invite one or more of his six friends for a sleep
over?
2. In how many ways can Jake select a committee of 3 juniors and 3 seniors from
a group containing 7 juniors and 8 seniors?