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Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communication

Assignment 0

Question 1:

The entropy of a 2 symbol source with symbol probabilities p and 1 − p is maximum

when p is

a. 0.2.
b. 1.
c. 0.5.
d. 0.

Correct Answer : C

Detailed Solution:
The entropy is given by −plog2 (p) − (1 − p)log2 (1 − p). Differentiating and equating
it to zero gives p = 0.5.

Question 2:

If the symbol error rate of a k-bit constellation is S then the bit error rate is
approximately equal to

a. log2 kS.
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S
b. log2 k
.
c. kS.
S
d. k

Correct Answer : D

Detailed Solution:
SER
The bit error rate of a k-bit constellation can be approximately written as k
where
SER is the symbol error rate.

Question 3:

What is the missing block in the following block diagram

a. Decoder.
b. Amplifier.
c. RAM.
d. Quantizer.

Correct Answer : D

Detailed Solution:
After the A/D converter, the digital data is quantized and sent to the encoder.
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Question 4:

The job of a source coder is

a. To convert source symbols into bits.

b. To represent an input source message in the most efficient way possible.
c. To add parity check bits..
d. To pulse shape the data.

Correct Answer : B

Detailed Solution:
The job of a source coder is to represent the source message in the most efficient way
possible.

Question 5:

In channel coding theorem, channel capacity decides the − − − − − − − − −

permissible rate at which error free transmission is possible.

a. Maximum.
b. Minimum.
c. Constant.
d. None of the above.

Correct Answer : A

Detailed Solution:
According to Shannon’s Capacity theorem, the channel capacity decides the maximum
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permissible rate at which error free transmission is possible.

Question 6:

In Wi-Fi the mode of transmission is

a. continuous.
b. burst.
c. analog.
d. continuous.

Correct Answer : B

Detailed Solution:
Wi-Fi has bursty mode of transmission.

Question 7:

The rank of the matrix given below is,

 
3 4 1 6
9 12 3 18
 
8 2 6 4
1 5 7 4
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a. 4.
b. 3.
c. 2.
d. 1.

Correct Answer : B

Detailed Solution:
We see that, the 2nd row is just 3 times the 1st row and so they are not independent.
Hence the matrix has only 3 independent rows whic makes it rank 3.

Question 8:

The maximum eigen-value of the matrix given below is,

 
−1 3
5 6

a. 7.72.
b. 8.45.
c. 12.34.
d. 3.89.

Correct Answer : A

Detailed Solution:
The eigen-values can be found by solving |A − λI|. The characteristic equation can
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be written as (−1 − λ)(6 − λ) − 15 = 0 which when solved gives λ = 7.72, −2.72.

Question 9:

The Nyquist sampling frequency for a signal with frequencies between -2 Hz to

2 Hz is,

a. 2 Hz.
b. 2.5 Hz.
c. 4 Hz.
d. 6 Hz.

Correct Answer : C

Detailed Solution:
The Nyquist frequency for the signal given is fs = 2fmax , where fmax is the maximum
frequency of the baseband signal. Here, fmax = 2Hz and so fs = 4Hz.

Question 10:

The number of bits required for representing the symbols belonging to a 64 QAM
constellation is,

a. 2.
b. 8.
c. 4.
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d. 6.

Correct Answer : D

Detailed Solution:
For a M-QAM constellation, the number of bits required is log2 M

Question 11:

The expression for covariance between two random variables X and Y is,

a. E[XY ] − E[X]E[Y ].
b. E[XY ].
c. E[XY ] + E[X]E[Y ].
E[XY ]
d. E[X]E[Y ]
.

Correct Answer : A

Detailed Solution:
The covariance between two random variables X and Y is given by E[XY ]−E[X]E[Y ].

Question 12:
 
3 6
The null space basis vector for the following matrix is,
−9 −18
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 √ 
−2/√ 5
a. .
1/ 5
 √ 
3/ √11
b. .
−2/ 11
 √ 
1/√10
c. .
3/ 10
 √ 
6/ √61
d. .
−5/ 61

Correct Answer : A

Detailed Solution:     
3 6 x .0
The null space can be found by doing = . Solving it we find,
  −9 −18 y 0
−2
x = −2y. Hence can be treated as a basis. Normalizing, we get the basis as,
1
 √ 
−2/√ 5
.
1/ 5

Question 13:
 
6 −5 2
The determinant of the following matrix is, 7 1 −3
3 −1 0

a. 9.
b. 7.
c. 6.
d. 2.
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Correct Answer : B

Detailed Solution:
The determinant value is given by 6 × (0 − 3) + 5 × (0 + 9) + 2 × (−7 − 3). This is
equal to 7.

Question 14:

The Fourier Transform of a rectangular pulse is,

a. Rectangular.
b. Triangular.
c. Sinc pulse.
d. Impulse.

Correct Answer : C

Detailed Solution: Ra
The fourier transform of a rectangular pulse between −a and a is given by −a e−jωt dt =
e−jaω −ejaω
jω
= ejaω/2 sin(ω)
ω

Question 15:

Following are statements related to cellular communication:

(i) 1G used analog communication.
(ii) 2G was developed for voice and data communication both.
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(iii) GPRS is also known as 2.5G.

(iv) MIMO was introduced in 3G.
(v) Massive MIMO is used in 4G.
(vi) The sole aim of 5G communication system is to increase the data rate for high
mobility users.

a. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

b. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
c. (i), (iii) and (vi) are correct.
d. (i), (iii), (iv) and (vi) are correct.

Correct Answer : B

Detailed Solution:
This is a factual question and the statements directly correlate with the answers.