Questions 1 - 2 are based on this passage.

Over a dozen journalists resigned on December 1 from Hong Kong Cable Television Limited, a
major subscription-based TV station in Hong Kong, in protest after the media company fired 40 editorial
staff in what is perceived as a political crackdown. Those laid off include the head of the China desk and
the entire team of the award-winning News Lancet program. The broadcaster cited financial reasons for
the layoff, a claim the newsroom staff rebukes. The entire China desk, a total of 12 people, has since
resigned in protest, along with the heads of the international and finance desks and the newsroom's chief
assignment editor.
The layoffs were sudden and took immediate effect — those who were sacked were told to leave the
office on the same day. In shock, members of staff gathered outside the room of the news director
demanding an explanation. Among those laid off is Wong Lai-ping, former deputy news editor at the
China desk. On a radio interview aired on December 2, she rebuked the management's claim that the
decision was made out of financial difficulties, remarking that in August, the management fired the then-
executive director Fung Tak-hung and replaced him with four new managers. Wong said that the new
management often made editorial requests, such as live broadcasts of China's foreign minister's regular
press conference, or modifying headlines. According to Wong, the newsroom staff refused to comply with
such requests.
The Hong Kong Journalists Association commented on the layoffs, “Given the [New Lancet]
team’s coverage of the police and administration, it’s difficult not to see this as minimizing sensitive
reporting in the name of cost-cutting”.

1. Based on the text, the trigger of this resignation en masse is the belief that ….
A. the previous layoffs were politically motivated
B. financial reasons affected the layoffs the most
C. the journalists could demand for higher salary
D. political crackdown barely prompted the layoffs
E. the management's disapproved of staffs' refusal of demands

“..., she rebuked the management's claim that the decision was made out of financial difficulties,
remarking that in August, the management fired the then-executive director Fung Tak-hung and
replaced him with four new managers.” (Paragraph 2).
2. Dealing with the issue discussed in the text, the statement above may lead the readers to the
assumption that …
A. The management’s claim should have been accepted by all parties.
B. The decision to fire Fung Tak-hung was taken with well-consideration.
C. The director Fung Tak-hung was not as competent as four new managers.
D. There was an illogical situation to claim financial difficulties as the reason for the layoffs.
E. The management tried to cover up their financial difficulties by cutting the number of
employees.

Questions 3 - 5 are based on this passage.

After news of the existence of a yellow turtle in India's eastern state of Odisha went viral this past
July, Nepalis wanted to remind the world that they made a similar discovery first — on April 14, 2018, to
be exact — when a rare, golden turtle — but a different species — was found for the first time in
southeastern Nepal’s Dhanushadham municipality. According to a research paper by Kamal Devkota,
Dev Narayan Mandal and Hinrich Kaiser, which was published in the journal Herpetology Notes, the turtle
was released into its natural habitat after pictures were taken as proof.
A normal Indian flapshell turtle is greenish-grey in colour, with yellow marks on its head and neck. It
has a grey carapace dotted with dark yellow spots and derives its name from the femoral flaps at the
plastron, the ventral part of the shell. These turtles are found in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka, most typically in ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields with stagnant water.
Omnivorous in nature, they eat anything from leaves and flowers to snails, fish, and frogs. While a
normal-coloured flapshell turtle can easily camouflage itself in the murky, greenish water, its golden-
coloured variant — a turtle with chromatic leucism — is easily recognisable and therefore more
vulnerable. Its luminous golden colour, in particular, makes it a prized pet.
The congenital disorder of albinism creates a complete absence of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and
eyes due to the lack of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the production of melanin. Researchers
estimate that albinism occurs once in every 10,000 mammal births. Leucism, on the other hand, is an
extremely rare genetic condition in which animals have reduced pigmentation. Most leucistic animals
have normal-coloured eyes, whereas those with albinism tend to have red or pink eyes.
Nepal is home to 16 species of turtles, of which four are critically endangered: the three-striped roofed
turtle (Kachuga dhongoka), the red-crowned roofed turtle (Kachuga kachuga), the Indian narrow-headed
softshell turtle (Chitra indica), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata). Though turtles play an
important role in reducing pollution by feeding on insects, vegetation, and dead animals, factors like
habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have been threatening their survival. According to “Turtles of
Nepal – A Field Guide for Species Accounts and Distribution,” the draining of wetlands for irrigation and
fishing, the excessive use of agrochemicals which eventually seep into waterways, and unsustainable
fishing methods all negatively impact turtle populations.
3. The third paragraph of the passage above mainly discusses ….
A. physical appearance of turtles
B. congenital disorders in sea-mammals
C. the difference between two congenital illnesses
D. albinism, leucism, and how to treat them
E. albinism and leucism as hazardous congenital disorders
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage above?
A. A quarter of all turtle species in Nepal are threatened with extinction.
B. Both Nepalis and Indians found new rare turtles at different times.
C. A turtle with chromatic leucism is insusceptible topredators.
D. Animals with albinism and leucism can bedistinguished.
E. Turtles can help humans to keep the environment healthy.
5. The paragraph following the passage will most likely discuss .…
A. research on all turtle populations
B. dangerous factors for turtle populations
C. the suggestion to look after our environment
D. turtle populations’ contribution to reduce pollution
E. some ways to save turtles from threatening factors

Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following text.

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has
indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at
the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was
first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global
warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the
hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate
Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between
what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John
Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it
does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface
temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the
record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record
high for average temperatures.
Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate
of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C
a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer
valid.

6. The passage above mainly discusses about….

A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period
E. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes
7. The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….
A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent
8. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?
A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature
record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no
longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting
these biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study
found.
The following text is for questions 9 to 10.
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one
hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in
science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve
students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most
curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However,
teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is
beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is
integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the
school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a
reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current
teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional
educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the
processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but
is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what
ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs
should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into
curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support
the ICT use in schools.

9. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT
has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop
teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown
that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational
method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching
and learning outcomes.
10. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….
A. educational growth in the last two decades
B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development

Question number 11 to 13 are based on the following text.

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion
process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after
eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by
many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so
forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the
body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood
sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues
and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is
responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs,
fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods
containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This
is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive
system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage
in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables,
grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.
Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and
relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t
get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress.
Engaging in regular physical exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you
avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at night.

11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating
12. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
A. foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can
generate more drowsiness
B. overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function
well
C. the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
D. food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel
drowsy
E. the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating
13. It can be predicted from the passage that….
A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
E. the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

The text below is for queries 14 to 15

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam.
National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests
fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee
consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room for further growth,
but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry
to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture
also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most
Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali,
Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national
output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the
milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in the country produce beans of distinct
flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees from Indonesia are recognized by
aficionados the world over.
Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year
2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the
International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes
to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and
Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising
demand in the ASEAN region and in China.
Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the
US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various
European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few
years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous
country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes
that accompany urbanization and economic development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when
a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.

14. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western
Europe
B. Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased
C. Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region
D. The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors
E. Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital
15. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?
A. The coffee export has decreased in several years
B. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
C. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN
E. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee

Questions 16 - 19 are based on the following passage.

How are we able to find things in the dark? It is because our brain is able to store information in
such a way that it can be retrieved by different senses. It turns out that the ability to recognise objects
across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect. Researchers at Queen Mary University of
London and Macquarie University in Sydney have published new work in the journal Science showing that
bumblebees can also find objects in the dark they've only seen before.
In the light, but barred from touching the objects, bumblebees were trained to find rewarding
sugar water in one type of object (cubes or spheres) and bitter quinine solution in the other shape. When
tested in the dark, bees preferred the object that was previously rewarding, spending more time exploring
them.
Dr Cwyn Solvi is the lead author on the paper who was based at Queen Mary University of
London and is now at Macquarie University in Sydney. She said: "The results of our study show that
bumblebees don't process their senses as separate channels -- they come together as some sort of
unified representation."
 Selene Gutierrez Al-Khudhairy, co-author on the paper, and now PhD student at the University of
York, said: "This is an amazing feat when you consider the miniscule size of a bee's brain. Future
investigations of the neural circuitry underlying this ability in bees may one day help reveal how our own
brains imagine the world as we do."

16. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To explain how bumblebees react to the light.
B. To motivate the readers to preserve bumblebees in the wild.
C. To reveal how important bumblebees are to human survival.
D. To inform a study on the ability of bumblebees in the absence of light.
E. To report the procedure of a study on bumblebees conducted by Dr Cwyn Solvi.
17. The word “barred” in paragraph two can be best replaced by….
A. blocked
B. distracted
C. permitted
D. provided
E. unsealed
18. In which paragraph is it mentioned about the benefits of the research for humans?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
19. The writer’s intention in writing the sentence “It turns out that the ability to recognise objects
across different senses is present in the tiny brains of an insect.” in paragraph 1 is to…
A. confirm that humans and insects are quite similar.
B. emphasize the need for a research on certain insects.
C. prove that bumblebees can see in the dark as well as humans.
D. exemplify the kinds of insects which are able to sense objects in the dark.
E. pinpoint that humans are not the only one who possess the ability mentioned.

Thomas Matulessy, also known as Kapitan Pattimura or Ahmad Lussy or simply

Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.
Pattimura was born on 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his
pseudonym. His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a little brother
named Yohanis.
Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch
colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. Concerned
that the Dutch would implement programs that limited his people, Pattimura led an armed
rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817. Killing the inhabitants of the fortress
and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku
people.
Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on
11 November 1817. He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817,
Pattimura together with Anthony Reebok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Perintah were hanged in
front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.
Pattimura and his war have been used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such
as with the short-lived Republic of South Maluku, and Indonesian patriotism. In Ambon, he is
commemorated in the names of the University of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and a street, as
well as a statue; there are also streets named after him throughout the archipelago.

20. What is the topic of the passage?

A. The life and struggle of Thomas Matulessy.
B. Pattimura as the leader of the Maluku people.
C. Indonesian National Revolution led by Pattimura.
D. Controversy over the capture of Thomas Matulessy.
E. The causal effect of Indonesian War of Independence.