Working Life PG

Module 1
Working life
GRAMMAR
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CONTENTS
1. If + clause
a. Type I - Real
b. Type II - Unreal
c. Type III- Unreal
2. Mixed Conditional
3. Adverbs of manner
Module 1 4. Narrative Tenses I
a. Past simple
Working life
b. Past continuous
GRAMMAR
c. Past simple and past continuous
5. Linking devices
6. Idioms
7. Modals of probability
8. Adverbs II – Degree
9. Linking devices
10. Adjectives and prepositions
11. Past perfect
12. Present perfect progressive
13. Adverbs of manner III
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Module 1 | Working life | Grammar Module 1 | Working life | Grammar
1. If + clause b. Type II - Unreal
We use it to refer to any time, and an unreal situation. It refers

If to a hypothetical condition and its probable result.
Used to express a possible condition and
its probable result.
a. Type I - Real If + simple past, would + infinitive
These sentences are based on facts, and they are used to
make statements about the real world, and about particular If you shared more you
situations. would have more friends.
if + Simple Present, Will-Future
If I have time, I’ll call you later.
If + simple past, modal + infinitive

if + Simple Present, modal
(should, may, might, can, be able to)
If we studied more we could

If she comes you should get better grades.
talk to her.
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c. Type III- Unreal 3. Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of manner
We use it to refer to an impossible condition in the past and its

probable result in the past. These are hypothetical and unreal
situations and they can have some degree of regret. Used to express the way something happens. We make most
adverbs by simply adding ly to the adjective
If + past perfect, would have + participle
If you had arrived early, they would have

interviewed you first.
2. Mixed Conditional:
We use it to express that due to present conditions something I need to complete my resume He normally eats breakfast with
already happened in the past. (unreal situations) quickly. his family.
if + past simple, would /could / might + have + past participle
|6 |7
4. Narrative Tenses I b. Past continuous:
Narrative tenses are the grammatical structures that you Past continuous
use when telling a story, or talking about situations and
activities which happened at a defined past time.
a. Past simple: To describe a scene or situation that continued for some time
Past simple
For actions that started and finished in the past
Richard worked as a waiter

two years ago.
Eduard was walking to an interview
yesterday afternoon.
Emma was resting at home, because

she was sick.
Stephany visited his
uncle last week.
|8 |9
c. Past simple and past continuous: 5. Linking devices
Past simple and past continuous Linking devices • Afterwards

• The thing is...
We use past simple and past continuous together when one • Well
When we tell a story in the past,
action interrupts the other we usually use linking words or • Really?
phrases to join two or more ideas • After a while
• So, anyway...
• In the end
Example:
Joseph kept working hard on his

paintings. After a while, he moved to
Spain where he studied modern art.
In the end, he sold his paintings and
I was completing my profile Sarah was having a coffee when she became a writer.
when I got a call received an urgent mail
She was working when she hit her head.
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6. Idioms
There are other linking words and
phrases that express the order of
events.
Idioms
• First of all
• Then … They are phrases made whose meaning is generally
• Next … inferred from the idea it conveys and not from the literal
meaning of the expression
• Finally,
• After that …
• After several months/days...
• By the time …
• All of a sudden …
“As mad as a hatter”

Example: To be completely mad.
I started studying in New York, at the

time I was living with my parents.
When I finished my university
career I started lookin for work in
recognized companies and finally
I managed to get work as an
administrator in the government.
“To sweat blood”

To make a great effort.
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7. Modals of probability
3. Expressions and idioms:
Must
Almost Certain
Will
Have a short fuse Go-getter These modals are used to Ought to
guess what could be possible Should
or that we believe something Can
to be certain or probable.
Could
May
Very Uncertain
Might
Example:
To get angry very easily A person who has the initiative to

pursue the things they want.
A dead end job To be snowed under
She will be arriving late tonight I should not go to the interview,

because of the traffic. I’m not presentable.
A job that has no chance To be very busy.

of promotion.
It may rain today
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8. Adverbs II – Degree 9. Linking devices

Adverbs of manner
Relative clauses
Used to express the way something happens. We make most

That Who
Example: The great canyon is incredibly
beautiful.
People or objects People
Where Which
He is quite good at finances.
Place Animals or things
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10. Adjectives and prepositions
to of about
The computer is processing information.
It is has good memory. The computer that
is processing information is has good
memory. Insensitive Supportive Passionate
Susceptible Proud Curious
Determined Aware Sensitive
Respectful Sensible Worried
The woman is behind the desk. She is
very responsible.
The woman who is behind the desk is
Example:
very responsible.
Claire is susceptible to other

The dog is in the car. It likes to look out
people’s comments.
the window.
The dog which is in the car likes to look out
the window.
That hotel is beautiful. I met my

husband there. John wasn’t aware of today’s
celebration
The hotel where I met my husband
is beautiful.
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11. Past perfect
We use past perfect to express that something occurred before another

action in the past.
Jane is still afraid of the dark.
Past Present Future
Past
perfect
Subject + had + participle

She is extremely curious about
animal life.
Example:
Dougal is determined to move

to San Francisco
I had bought milk before She moved to Paris after she
I arrived home. had finished her studies.
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12. Present perfect progressive
Present perfect progressive Has/have been + participle

I have been designing the new
collection fo dresses for 1 year.
We use present perfect progressive

to indicate an action that recently
stopped or which has continued
from the past to the present.
We have been working for several years to He has been working on radio
be one of the best companies in the world since I finished college
They have been cooking in the

restaurant for the past 6 months
| 22 | 23
13. Adverbs of manner III
They dance beautifully.

Adverbs of manner
Used to express the way something happens. We make most

Example:
George fell badly at work

and hurt his head.
She wakes up early on Mondays.
| 24 | 25

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Module 1

1. If + clause b. Type II - Unreal

We use it to refer to any time, and an unreal situation. It refers

If I have time, I’ll call you later.

If + simple past, modal + infinitive

If we studied more we could

c. Type III- Unreal 3. Adverbs of manner

We use it to refer to an impossible condition in the past and its

If you had arrived early, they would have

if + past simple, would /could / might + have + past participle

4. Narrative Tenses I b. Past continuous:

For actions that started and finished in the past

Richard worked as a waiter

Emma was resting at home, because

c. Past simple and past continuous: 5. Linking devices

Past simple and past continuous Linking devices • Afterwards

Joseph kept working hard on his

She was working when she hit her head.

“As mad as a hatter”

I started studying in New York, at the

“To sweat blood”

To get angry very easily A person who has the initiative to

A dead end job To be snowed under

She will be arriving late tonight I should not go to the interview,

A job that has no chance To be very busy.

It may rain today

8. Adverbs II – Degree 9. Linking devices

Used to express the way something happens. We make most

People or objects People

He is quite good at finances.

Place Animals or things

10. Adjectives and prepositions

Claire is susceptible to other

That hotel is beautiful. I met my

11. Past perfect

We use past perfect to express that something occurred before another

Past Present Future

Subject + had + participle

Dougal is determined to move

12. Present perfect progressive

Present perfect progressive Has/have been + participle

We use present perfect progressive

They have been cooking in the

13. Adverbs of manner III

They dance beautifully.

Used to express the way something happens. We make most

George fell badly at work

She wakes up early on Mondays.

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