BUSINESS ANALYTICS IN FINANCE 2001510092-V.

SAI
ANVITHA

Practical No: 1 Descriptive Statistics by importing stocks into R

Program:
> getSymbols("SBIN.NS",source='yahoo')
‘getSymbols’ currently uses auto.assign=TRUE by default, but will
use auto.assign=FALSE in 0.5-0. You will still be able to use
‘loadSymbols’ to automatically load data. getOption("getSymbols.env")
and getOption("getSymbols.auto.assign") will still be checked for
alternate defaults.

This message is shown once per session and may be disabled by setting
options("getSymbols.warning4.0"=FALSE). See ?getSymbols for details.

[1] "SBIN.NS"
Warning message:
SBIN.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
> View(SBIN.NS)
> summary(SBIN.NS)
Index SBIN.NS.Open SBIN.NS.High SBIN.NS.Low SBIN.NS.Close
Min. :2007-01-02 Min. : 87.26 Min. : 87.72 Min. : 84.74 Min. : 86.2
1st Qu.:2010-09-27 1st Qu.:186.80 1st Qu.:189.51 1st Qu.:183.28 1st Qu.:186.2
Median :2014-06-12 Median :233.22 Median :235.95 Median :230.10 Median :232.7
Mean :2014-06-17 Mean :238.14 Mean :241.51 Mean :234.33 Mean :237.8
3rd Qu.:2018-03-09 3rd Qu.:279.44 3rd Qu.:282.98 3rd Qu.:275.68 3rd Qu.:279.3
Max. :2021-12-03 Max. :534.45 Max. :542.30 Max. :528.05 Max. :530.5
NA's :7 NA's :7 NA's :7 NA's :7
SBIN.NS.Volume SBIN.NS.Adjusted
Min. : 0 Min. : 73.14
1st Qu.: 13812500 1st Qu.:174.52

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Median : 19319414 Median :218.31

Mean : 24703292 Mean :225.78
3rd Qu.: 28799337 3rd Qu.:271.65
Max. :262677081 Max. :530.45
NA's :7 NA's :7

> library(PerformanceAnalytics)
> ar<-annualReturn(SBIN.NS$SBIN.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> ar
yearly.returns
2007-12-31 0.89154802
2008-12-31 -0.42393032
2009-12-31 0.76055234
2010-12-31 0.23926844
2011-12-30 -0.42421495
2012-12-31 0.47339492
2013-12-31 -0.25948442
2014-12-31 0.76535532
2015-12-31 -0.28026297
2016-12-30 0.11472488
2017-12-29 0.23860910
2018-12-31 -0.04517586
2019-12-31 0.12791486
2020-12-31 -0.17617974
2021-12-03 0.72085824

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> var(ar,na.rm='F')
yearly.returns
yearly.returns 0.2064887
> sd(ar,na.rm='F')
[1] 0.4544102
> range(ar,na.rm='F')
[1] -0.424215 0.891548
> quantile(ar,na.rm='F')
0% 25% 50% 75%
-0.4242150 -0.2178321 0.1279149 0.5971266
100%
0.8915480

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Practical No: 2 Time Series Decomposition

Program:
> data("AirPassengers")
> d=decompose(AirPassengers)
> plot(decompose(AirPassengers))

> plot(d$trend)

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Practical No: 3 Calculation of Returns

Program:
> library(quantmod)
> getSymbols('INFY.NS',src='yahoo')
‘getSymbols’ currently uses auto.assign=TRUE by default, but will
use auto.assign=FALSE in 0.5-0. You will still be able to use
‘loadSymbols’ to automatically load data. getOption("getSymbols.env")
and getOption("getSymbols.auto.assign") will still be checked for
alternate defaults.

This message is shown once per session and may be disabled by setting
options("getSymbols.warning4.0"=FALSE). See ?getSymbols for details.

[1] "INFY.NS"
Warning message:
INFY.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
> dr=dailyReturn(INFY.NS$INFY.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data

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> View(dr)

> mr=monthlyReturn(INFY.NS$INFY.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> View(mr)

> yr=annualReturn(INFY.NS$INFY.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data

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> View(yr)

> all=allReturns(INFY.NS$INFY.NS.Close)
Warning messages:
1: In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
2: In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
3: In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
4: In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
5: In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data

> View(all)

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Practical No: 4 Using Technical Indicators to plot the chart

Program:
> library(quantmod)
> getSymbols('TCS.NS',src='yahoo')
‘getSymbols’ currently uses auto.assign=TRUE by default, but will
use auto.assign=FALSE in 0.5-0. You will still be able to use
‘loadSymbols’ to automatically load data. getOption("getSymbols.env")
and getOption("getSymbols.auto.assign") will still be checked for
alternate defaults.

This message is shown once per session and may be disabled by setting
options("getSymbols.warning4.0"=FALSE). See ?getSymbols for details.

[1] "TCS.NS"
Warning message:
TCS.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
> tcs=TCS.NS
> chartSeries(tcs,subset='2021-08-01/',theme='white')

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> chartSeries(tcs,subset='2021-08-01/',theme='white',TA='addSMA(n=40)')

> chartSeries(tcs,subset='2021-08-01/',theme='white',TA=c(addSMA(n=45),addVo()))

> chartSeries(tcs,subset='2021-08-01/',theme='white',TA="addRSI(n=20)")

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Practical No: 5 Candle stick charts with various graphical properties

in R
Program:
> library(quantmod)
> getSymbols('WIPRO.NS',src='yahoo')
[1] "WIPRO.NS"
Warning message:
WIPRO.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
> wip=WIPRO.NS
> chartSeries(wip)

> chartSeries(wip,theme='white')

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> chartSeries(wip,theme='white',subset='2020::')

> chartSeries(wip,theme='white',subset='::2008')

> chartSeries(wip,theme='white',subset='2021-04-01/',up.col='blue',do.col='green')

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Practical No: 6 Creating a portfolio and analysing risk and return as

per Markowitz model
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Program:
> library(IntroCompFinR)
> library(PerformanceAnalytics)
> library(quantmod)
> basketsymbols=c('TCS.NS','INFY.NS','WIPRO.NS')
> getSymbols()
Warning message:
In getSymbols() : no Symbols specified
> getSymbols(basketsymbols,src='yahoo')
[1] "TCS.NS" "INFY.NS" "WIPRO.NS"
Warning messages:
1: TCS.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
2: INFY.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
3: WIPRO.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain
missing values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc
to remove or replace them.
> tcs=yearlyReturn(TCS.NS$TCS.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> inf=yearlyReturn(INFY.NS$INFY.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> wipro=yearlyReturn(WIPRO.NS$WIPRO.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :

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missing values removed from data

> returns=c(0.2716,0.3820,0.6588)
> assetnames=c("TCS","INFOSYS","WIPRO")
> names(returns)=assetnames
> returns
TCS INFOSYS WIPRO
0.2716 0.3820 0.6588
>
covmat=matrix(c(CoVariance(tcs,tcs),CoVariance(tcs,inf),CoVariance(tcs,wipro),CoVariance(i
nf,tcs),CoVariance(inf,inf),CoVariance(inf,wipro),CoVariance(wipro,tcs),CoVariance(wipro,inf
),CoVariance(wipro,wipro)),nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow = T)
> covmat
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 0.3331735 0.2198708 0.2940903
[2,] 0.2198708 0.1741399 0.2136661
[3,] 0.2940903 0.2136661 0.2999242
> dimnames(covmat)=list(assetnames,assetnames)
> covmat
TCS INFOSYS WIPRO
TCS 0.3331735 0.2198708 0.2940903
INFOSYS 0.2198708 0.1741399 0.2136661
WIPRO 0.2940903 0.2136661 0.2999242
> w=rep(1,3)/3
> portfolio=getPortfolio(er=returns,cov.mat=covmat,weights=w)
> portfolio
Call:
getPortfolio(er = returns, cov.mat = covmat, weights = w)

Portfolio expected return: 0.4374667

Portfolio standard deviation: 0.5013861

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Portfolio weights:
TCS INFOSYS WIPRO
0.3333 0.3333 0.3333

Practical No: 7 Creating a portfolio and analysing risk and return as

per Sharpe model

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Program:
>basketsymbols=c('GODREJIND.BO','WIPRO.BO','BHARTIARTL.BO')
> getSymbols(basketsymbols,src='yahoo')
‘getSymbols’ currently uses auto.assign=TRUE by default, but will
use auto.assign=FALSE in 0.5-0. You will still be able to use
‘loadSymbols’ to automatically load data. getOption("getSymbols.env")
and getOption("getSymbols.auto.assign") will still be checked for
alternate defaults.

This message is shown once per session and may be disabled by setting
options("getSymbols.warning4.0"=FALSE). See ?getSymbols for details.

[1] "GODREJIND.BO" "WIPRO.BO" "BHARTIARTL.BO"

Warning messages:
1: GODREJIND.BO contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain
missing values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc
to remove or replace them.
2: WIPRO.BO contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain
missing values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc
to remove or replace them.
3: BHARTIARTL.BO contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain
missing values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc
to remove or replace them.
> View(GODREJIND.BO)
> View(WIPRO.BO)
> View(BHARTIARTL.BO)
> godrej=GODREJIND.BO[,4]
> View(godrej)
> wipro=WIPRO.BO[,4]
> View(wipro)
> bhartiair=BHARTIARTL.BO[,4]

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> View(bhartiair)
> getSymbols('^BSESN',src='yahoo')
[1] "^BSESN"
Warning message:
^BSESN contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
> View(BSESN)
> bse=BSESN[,4]
> View(bse)
> #Regression for Godrej,bse
> fit1=lm(godrej~bse)
> fit1

Call:
lm(formula = godrej ~ bse)

Coefficients:
(Intercept) bse
37.0240 0.0114

> #godrej=37.0240+0.0114(bse)
> #when increases by 10
> godrejj=37.0240+0.0114*10
> godrejj
[1] 37.138
> #Regression for Wipro,bse
> fit2=lm(wipro~bse)
> fit2

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Call:
lm(formula = wipro ~ bse)

Coefficients:
(Intercept) bse
-24.076887 0.008635

> #wipro=-24.076887+0.008635(wipro)
> #when increased by 10
> wiproo=-24.076887+0.008635*10
> wiproo
[1] -23.99054
> #Regression for Bhartiair,bse
> fit3=lm(bhartiair~bse)
> fit3

Call:
lm(formula = bhartiair ~ bse)

Coefficients:
(Intercept) bse
2.211e+02 5.318e-03

> #bharti=2.211e+02 +5.318e-03(bse)

> bharti=(2.211e+02)+(5.318e-03)*10
> bharti
[1] 221.1532
> #portfolio return=sigma(invidual return*individual weights)
> portfolioreturn=(godrejj*0.40)+(wiproo*0.20)+(bharti*0.40)

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> portfolioreturn
[1] 98.51836
> #Portfolio return consisting of Godrej, Wipro and Bhartiairtel is 98.51836

Practical No: 8 Creating a portfolio and analysing risk and return as

per CAPM model
Program:

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> library(quantmod)
> basketsymbols=c('SBIN.NS','TCS.NS')
> getSymbols(basketsymbols,src='yahoo')
[1] "SBIN.NS" "TCS.NS"
Warning messages:
1: SBIN.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
2: TCS.NS contains missing values. Some functions will not work if objects contain missing
values in the middle of the series. Consider using na.omit(), na.approx(), na.fill(), etc to
remove or replace them.
ar=annualReturn(SBIN.NS$SBIN.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> ar2=annualReturn(TCS.NS$TCS.NS.Close)
Warning message:
In to_period(xx, period = on.opts[[period]], ...) :
missing values removed from data
> View(ar)
> View(ar2)
> data=as.xts(merge(ar,ar2))
> View(data)
> class(data)
[1] "xts" "zoo"
> summary(lm(data$yearly.returns~data$yearly.returns.1))

Call:
lm(formula = data$yearly.returns ~ data$yearly.returns.1)

Residuals:

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Min 1Q Median 3Q Max

-0.54428 -0.37719 0.00428 0.21717 0.80587

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.1172 0.1275 0.919 0.375
data$yearly.returns.1 0.2298 0.2060 1.115 0.285

Residual standard error: 0.4437 on 13 degrees of freedom

Multiple R-squared: 0.08735, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01715
F-statistic: 1.244 on 1 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.2848

> CAPM.beta(Ra=data$yearly.returns,Rb=data$yearly.returns.1)
[1] 0.2297738
> CAPM.alpha(Ra=data$yearly.returns,Rb=data$yearly.returns.1)
[1] 0.117164

Practical No: 9 Factor analysis for credit default data set

Practical No: 10 Logistic regression and Cluster analysis for credt
default dataset

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