9mut3

ul 1Ohat i fumchanal dependenty

uidalines
xplaun
Explauie

datkn
inferal
ARunuoual
holds 2
derigm

depcodenty
hawiug
A B im
Saure valut
a ulat
B
huplls

atibdA dluo have Caa valud

he far
t is dnotd by AsB
attibub B.
ohiu A
Callud
is called
dependeut
dudeioninat d
d B s
is

huu ane ow yaunal vneasucs Kelaoal

Sohenad hese a1 1
Sunanhes ef the AMcbuts
he tuum mantes fhe atinbutts elhs
to meamung the attibukes H dells heo
to uderpa he valus tlouo
e semauuhc- Loriek hn the keloroal
Schtuna 0 0uld be bott

Cuidengl!s
t
vet
is

utny ypes
"Oenn Ahe
tany
Combn
to espla
aktai butts

iuto
the
f
Kelatron

e
selrrwa So hat
meauing
multipl.
Rlalron,
o
nple
Af
cing Redundayt values,
Reducing

Cluaddm
Kedundamey is
dadrbase
Redandanay
n
ohich
a Covdita
Cordilin
Aaunt pikce
data i hld at a duct placns

Ridundaney is at th ot ef Seual pebiu

 asochatd
with Kelatr onal Chna.
9.Ales Cased by Kedudamay

Redundaut stotage (Update anowalu

naunaliss Oshan maalos
9msencts

und elane
shamas co that mo imsectrm
Devign Aularon
delcho ct modhcatm amomales ae
PALLUct in 1he Rlabrns

dny ansma li
ae pMtt Mode Th un clanly
amd MwRe sure-hat the appeicaro Prgais
that uplate the database ndlt epvtade uaniy,

8 ReducienNullValas iun Tuple

quitclaline 34
4sfaas porible avojol plating atiibitism
he base Rlation ohese Values Augueutly be
Mul
ull a ouly to erepteal
Lwnavoidable, -thay chêuld

Cases q mto
be opplud
maj0uty

lu
he Rasons ohy NotL vales ppea
Polls
Buolvq asu
d
Htabue dous met to the eple
app is wnbnou
d he atibuh Value fasr thus toplá

3 The Valut kubusn bd mot kecsded.

 punie phst,
allaohg Suntatn

Splttisg
VaLds
el tabes
usults
bas

in Cputio
d on mon pismauy
tuplas s
4
Amcolt4ct fosunatuon

Eod dergme o a Relakoal dodbase m

RLsult i esonaus kesults tcesetais JenO
opuotrsus

6yuidaliue 4
Oigm
be 1uncd
Rolakio Schema
cguality
so that th
Ceoli
thay a
eoda
a
PAinduy
Ry fenign kys,
R
he
Ho be
ohih gahaudes
Kuplas
gntaso
AOhout is the nud fa moiuualiahon!
Exglais INF NF, 3NF,BCNF
Ned a Natalizalrents
aliinats kdundaut dat

3he
du ces hance f dadoe
eset
marali aheu inroihut becansl
it allous datobase do ok up us ai
Spac

JH
ale helr n ntaiasing he peyokaa
npAeushe
Sawn surcy
dade
giky 4
 Nokaealan
Aust

tableu card tobe du 1NF it fllos the

fllouoiug kules to.

It chnuld

coluuens
y Gase cmgle vald attaibutes

Valus tlokud in a Colaurn

Sane deain
theuld be the
U-the Coluuru afable (hBuld houu ugue
vaumes

And tht och

oudasc in doda is ttoud dus

Sud ud
Phnl
AAA 11111
222 22

BBB 3 3333

CGC
SSS55

s th ve alt multiple valus phen muwhe o na1

aud 3,
ht abev table ismet in INF, Ottau
Mak tN The cowuhi ix anollost3a
frol Ph@ut
AAA
AAA 22222
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3
SS5SS
SeLsnd Nakunak
ade a tabl do be n
. bhe Se ceud Naknal for

olloon9 covdutious

ssheld ben he Rrt Noknak

must
r
bealluod

(14 sheuld nst ave nchional dpod

Sd
Pantal
StudedCouise
Snaune cd Cvame
AAA fol

2 BBB lo 2 C4
CcC lol C
DDD lo3 Jawo

Thisqeble iumet in NE
os couudng above

dak o 8NE t mut slloonhe Rules.

Chedaut

Sid Snan ciol

AAA lol

BBB lo 2
CcC lo

DDD lo3
Couks
Cd Cmom
tol
102

t03 Jova
hod Noanal
Ablo
dable
i Saic do be n thebud Notuma lakan Loheu,

m st is the ceLad ORunal sn

H doesut hane dnohve dapeuden0y

Std 2pcoodt Cihynaumk at&

AAA Pune Mabaasha
22222 Subad
BBB Gujasa
ccC 33333 hrnai aNodu
DDD ulru Reartha
eEE S5555 Mumbai Morlah

he dapeud tc)s tau be deucts as

icdSuae sed - 2peuelej 22pcooksCHaut
amelate
he
Huce
aubowe

above
k
duotshe
dble is m 3NA tcn
tnamuihve dapeudety
c
COud udo 3NF asfolless
Shudaut
nd hane ptodi
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Zipcocle

MabanasPha

22222 Suat

33333 Cheura Toni nad

uYYy Jalpu asthuy

SSS SS Mubai Mahaiashtaa

BCNE(Boyce ledd Netuual fora) 7/17

fook a cubla to be BcNF, lousune

Csnditous must be atrched

must
Rmmust he n 3o Naswmal foum
oseLch PO Cx)* thould be
be
Snpuu Key
sdple ds Ya pawne otlnbd
then x Cam be
met vn Pime atibo
 Toble r
Apllmeud
Stol Lacho
C Prakita

Jav a Poenam
Pmkta
3 Supa'ya
C AMchang.

T0 COelcd he abeve fouble to BNE Ok must

detepbse above ole uto hudouel Cowkse
oupls
Snd a che
hnkka

Poenam
Phkita
3 Spaya
8/17

Anchawa

Ceruo
Censese

prbala

Jawa
Arkdn

Supoya
 is a set elJuuchonal dependaweh4
dua33-a) ohat
said do Be muwol
Otke A algouthm do ind
a miuimal

E
AA
sa
mimional
set
tovw

fuucdioval, dapeudsuois
a sd Juuckonal
F tha
dapeu

Salisfusthe popuskylhaf euny olepudeucy

i
th loXune gu addulian
this
Paopuky
is lost
depedney
he set fis Muneued mwt one no
Adnudaucios dhe dopeud emcus
n F ata in a staudasd forodh

hecet fconal, dapcudloucis P 4o be

w.wiali tsahes thefallosing
Cenvdaiousto

utny drpeudaucy eP has a stugle othibde

ts git had hde.

Otcourust Keplace ay depeudarty Y 9/1

F ADth a deptudourcy yA, 1oHese Y 8
agt
Prapus subut fxaud hl taue a set
dipuduca hat a givalet
We Cauruet nmave auy
Aapud ntyham
houue

aquivalut lo f.
aset apeudenbas at d
 Agsuilhm:
sett ofuncromal dapudeuCes
Aupst
Set Fl-E

kuplace Lach funchronal depudey

xA,A2,--An] F b the u
unchonal dopeuolsucsXB, YA2--x-

3 Fo ca ch fd XA n Ffo Aach iuibuke

Bthat ia alauct

fFSxA1}
in
4$
F
x-83-A2? pveld
4huu Reglace xsp Aath(xfB?J -sn
F

4 foa och unauuiu9 funchonal

depundeuay KsAm
FSPx-A ivabud of,Uu
Kumeue pom f
A Relalron k(A,C,D,E, H) Sakshes helesng
vd
FDs A-C, ACD,E9D, £H
the taneuical Covk fon thuis ctFDS,
tpl-ih woe LHS A,thm g0
thusugh
cednduin
Supose
peodu cheon
LMS
minimhe
Auls su by s
A-C Kup t ast s
AC-DHuu As c 4 AD ouee Remvu -G,
EAD koptt astt à.
H
 Oe sill KHS
Hapl No minimiae

A-Ckup ta dt u
AD
E-AD f-p t~D
s B-D is also pused n te
FO, ce go
EA4A- ThensED is daurkve
t. Sowe kup
wwglect on EA
FH, Kpt axil a

S Fae seps )42,oe gat mional Coek

A-C
D
AA

FH
Hence he Ca euital fo s
ACO
DH
Exptaien Austhea's npote kul
he losuwet tet ef fumceoval daptudauny o
Cevwputd dg baxiC thui fulb
ohicA 6u ale cothd as dustg'shio
Thast u as ollous

2 Agmdudakhon: Y hn x2-Yz
 X-2
addtisn Jo aboue dxiwk me mol
Acles ok Cemputug losuke cet Aau
luier' xY 2hux2
De Cemposittn xY7, huu XYX-s2
QuS defone trausacdrn sCus tu doinable
Praputas a ch,drasac
A tona chron be
Cau dulined as a qroup o
taoks that an a sigle lagical ud
eputaisfa dhansackhmsi

Honicakgs
is Propudy
onhderad
cfatusthat
as a
cach draunsachron must
súsgle wnit aud must be
B mcoplded
Copletd
No
Cepldd
lly
AAamsackron he dadoubase i a
autall,

Oadbase sheld ht in a stde ithu balsa

dhe Aousa ceon exe cuden
te Cudr6
8
athn the daasacho
sheuld met be a stat Ke cushya
Couicdancy 12/17

7he dadabase. mut kemain ism donishaud chte

pueloemiug tAana chion,