EARTH SCIENCE

QUARTER 2

WEEK 1.3

MAGMA

INTRODUCTION

W
Hello there!

Did you know that…

The deepest mine recorded is the Tau Tona gold mine in South Africa . It is approximately 3.9 km. deep and has 55 0
Celsius temperature.
Now, what do you think will happen if they will keep digging downwards?
Crust is the coldest layer among the interiors of the Earth. As we go deeper, the temperature also increases. Meanwhile, in the

COOL
mantle , the temperature is so high that rocks in some areas melt to form as magma.

Magma is a mixture of molten rocks, mineral and gases. It originates from the lower part of the Earth’s crust and in the upper
portion of the mantle known as the asthenosphere.

Magma reaches temperatures between 6000-14000 C. It behaves like solid (plasticity) because of the great pressure from layers
above it. The formation of breaks or faults in rocks decreases the pressure , thus, magma is changed into liquid form and flows toward
areas of low pressure.

What comes next after magma is formed?

Continue reading the module for you to find out.
LEARNING COMPETENCY

describe what happens after

magma is formed OBJECTIVES:
differentiate plutonism and
volcanism

PRE-TEST

Directions: Identify the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.

1. What is magma?
A. bubbles of gases
B. molten rocks
C. salt crystal in sedimentary rocks
D. solid Iron
2. What process happens when magma reaches the Earth’s surface through the cracks in the
Earth’s crust?
A. magmatism
B. metamorphism
C. plutonism
D. volcanism
3. Pluton is commonly known as ____________.
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. sedimentary rock
D. metamorphic rock
4. What do you call the magma that extrudes onto the surface of the Earth?
A. chamber
B. lava
C. minerals
D. tephra
5. When the magma is extruded to the Earth’s atmosphere, the air forms volcanic rock
called _________.
A. chamber
B. lava
C. minerals
D. tephra

There are three different ways on how magma can be generated. First is through the
decompression melting which involves upward movement of the Earth’s mostly solid mantle
and often occurs at divergent boundaries. The second one is through the transfer of heat which
causes the melting of the surrounding rocks and often occurs at convergent boundaries.
Meanwhile, the last one, flux melting, occurs when the water or carbon dioxide is added to
rocks.

Furthermore, magma can be classified into four types: (1) felsic magma which has the
lowest average temperature, (2) intermediate magma which has higher silica content than mafic,
(3) mafic magma which is the most fluid and (4) ultramafic magma which is the hottest and
fastest flowing magma.

ACTIVITY CARD 1
Directions: Complete the statements by using the choices provided in the box. Write your
answers in your notebook.

plutonism tephra Inside

chamber cools fire lava intrusive
igneous volcanism extrusive exterior
vent rise erupts

Magma can collect in areas called magma 1.______________. The pool of

magma in the magma chamber is layered. The least dense magma 2. _____ to the top. The
densest magma sinks at the bottom of the chamber. Magma can remain in a chamber for over a
million years until it cools and solidifies.

When magma 3.________ and solidifies, 4. __________ rocks are formed.

The term igneous comes from the Latin language which means 5. ______ since igneous rocks
originate from fiery and red hot magma. Furthermore, igneous rocks can be classified into two
types: the Plutonic and Volcanic rocks.

6._____________ is the process when plutonic rocks are formed. They are
formed from the cooling and solidification of magma within the surface of the Earth . The name
was derived from the Roman God of the underworld, Pluto. These rocks are also called
7.__________ igneous rock since they were formed 8.___________ the Earth.

9.___________ is the process when volcanic rocks are formed. They are
formed from the cooling and solidification of magma outside the surface of the Earth. The
magma that is extruded is called 10.________. The name was derived from the Roman God of
volcano, Vulcan. They are also called 11.____________ igneous rock since they were formed
12.___________ of the Earth.

If magma chambers encounter enormous pressure, they may break the

rock around them. The cracks are called fissures or 13.________. But if they will experience
greater pressure, the volcano 14.__________ releasing ___________ or volcanic ash.
DISCUSSION

After magma was formed, it can either rise all the way through the crust to erupt onto the
Earth’s surface and form extrusive igneous rock in the process of volcanism. On the other hand,
if it solidifies within or under the surface to form as an intrusive igneous rock, the process is
called plutonism. Furthermore, due to pressure, rocks may be broken to form cracks or may
cause volcanic eruption.

ENRICHMENT CARD 1

Directions: Label the picture below . Choose your answer from the loop below. Write your
answers in your notebook.

Adapted from https://www.vexels.com/vectors/preview/77943/volcano-eruption-infographic

magma chamber

intrusive igneous rocks

extrusive igneous rocks

lava

vent

a.
 b. that I can test your mastery of the ic.
ASSESSMENT CARD 1

Directions: Match the terms in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Write the letter of your
answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

___1. magma a. intrusive igneous rock

___2. magma chamber b. extrusive igneous rock
___3. plutonic rocks c. molten rocks
___4. volcanic rocks d. a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth
___5. eruption e. explosion of lava from a volcano

ASSESSMENT CARD 2
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if it is not. Write your answers in your notebook.
____1. Lava can be found outside the surface of the Earth.
____2. Magma is located in the upper mantle called the asthenosphere.
____3. Plutonic rocks are also called extrusive rocks.
____4. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed inside the surface of the Earth.
____5. Due to the pressure in the magma chamber, vents or fissures are formed.
____6. Volcanic eruption is a result of high pressure in the magma chamber.
____7. Volcanism is the process of how intrusive igneous rocks are formed.
____8. Magma is cooler than the surface of the Earth.
____9. Since plutonic rocks were formed inside the surface of the Earth, they
cool and solidify very fast.
____10. Extrusive rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of lava.

Prepared by: REYNALYN L. MANALILI.

MASTER TEACHER ll
BALITUCAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (CLUSTER 1
ANSWERS CARD
Pre-test

1. B
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. D
Activity Card 1

1. magma chamber
2. rise
3. cools
4. igneous
5. fire
6. plutonism
7. intrusive
8. inside
9. volcanism
10. lava
11. extrusive
12. exterior
 13. vent
14. erupts
15. tephra

Enrichment Card 1

1. ashfall
2. vent
3. intrusive igneous rocks
4. magma chamber
5. extrusive igneous rocks
6. lava

Assessment Card 1

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. E

Assessment Card 2.

1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. TRUE