Updated Curriculum

INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

7
GRADE
(ICT)
PlusOne Information and Communication Technology (ICT) | Grade 7

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Monicah Sola
Never Mudzingwa
Nomatter Kufarimani Learner’s Book
Rutendo Nyamupaguma
 Information and
Communication Technology

Grade 7
Learner’s Book

Monicah Sola Never Mudzingwa

Rutendo Nyamupaguma
 CONTENTS

Unit 1 : ICT tools.............................................................................................................. 1

Unit 2 : Creating and publishing.................................................................................. 13
Unit 3 : Computer software........................................................................................... 22

Test 1........................................................................................................................................ 45

Unit 4 : Safety and security........................................................................................... 49

Unit 5 : The world wide web and online collaboration............................................ 55
Unit 6 : ICT careers.......................................................................................................... 67

Test 2........................................................................................................................................ 71

Unit 7 : Programming..................................................................................................... 74
Unit 8 : Communication and networking.................................................................... 89

Test 3........................................................................................................................................ 104

 Unit ICT TOOLS

1
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) identify faults.
(b) find possible fault origins.
(c) fix and replace non-functional components.
(d) assemble and disassemble ICT tools.
Looking Back
In grade 6, you learnt about faults in ICT tools and how to fix them. In this unit, you are going
to learn more on how to keep your computer from having problems and how to fix them.
Learning to fix it yourself will save you a lot of money and time.

Key Words

Assembling - fit together separate components parts of a machine.

CPU - Central Processing Unit.
Computer - is any electronic device that is capable of accepting data, process data
and give results.

Faults in ICT tools

There are so many faults that are found in ICT tools. The faults include the following:
1. Computer refusing to start
A computer can suddenly shutdown or can have difficulties when starting. This could be
caused by failing power supply. It is not only the power supply that makes the computer fail
to start. It can be a faulty hard drive, faulty memory, corrupted operating system and failing
motherboard.
You have to check whether your computer is properly connected to the power source. If it
does not respond, test the power point with another working machine to confirm whether or
not there is enough power.

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2. Computer is too slow
The first step to fixing a slow computer is to verify that your machine is the actual source of
the problem.

The other reasons can be added such as;

• Malware attack slowing down the computer.
• Memory (RAM) is too low, it need an upgrade.
• Faulty hard drive.
If the problem is your computer, check whether you have plenty of free space on the hard
drive holding your operating system. Windows need room to create files while your system
is running. If your hard drive is maxed out, performance suffers. Now is the perfect time to
clear some space.
If your computer’s operating system resides on an overstuffed C: drive, clearing out some
space could boost operating system performance.
Microsoft’s system configuration tool is your next-best bet for tackling slow performance.
Many applications launch automatically when your machine boots up, which can stretch out
boot time especially on an older and slower computer. Make a habit of trimming the start-up
items. Open the tool by pressing Windows-R, typing msconfig and pressing the Enter key.
Checking the Startup item and manufacturer columns is the best way to figure out which
potential performance-killers you can safely disable. Avoid messing with any of the services
and programs that have Microsoft Corporation listed as the manufacturer. Items such as
Adobe AAM Updater, Google Update, Pando Media Booster, Spotify and Steam Client
Bootstrapper are all fair game. Regardless, err on the side of caution: If you are not sure
what the program or service does, do not disable it.

2
Windows’ System Configuration tool lets you disable programs and services that
automatically start when you boot your computer. Once you have made all your changes,
click OK and restart the computer. It should boot up quicker and feel noticeably faster.
3. Blank screen
If the computer is on but the screen is blank, there may be a problem with the connection
between the computer and the screen. First and foremost, you have to check if the monitor
is plugged to the power source. Also check the connections between the monitor and the
central processing unit. If the fault is on laptop, then you need to get a professional to fix it.
Other causes of blank screes are computer viruses, faulty RAM and HDD, faulty screen and
motherboard.
4. Overheating
If the computer lacks a sufficient cooling system, then the computer can start to generate
excess heat during operations. It can be caused by running programs that require processing
power than the computer has. Some computer viruses can make the computer overheat. To
get rid of this you have to turn your computer off and let it cool for a while. Check the fan to
make sure it is working properly.
5. Strange noise
When you hear noise coming from your computer it is a sign of hardware malfunction or
hard drives. Hard drive often make noise just before they fail so you have to make sure that
you back up your information always.
6. Abnormal function of operating system or system software
If the operating system is not responding or is misbehaving then you have to restart your
computer and run a virus scan. Misbehaviour can result from users deleting system files
mistakenly. To avoid this, you have to install a reliable anti-virus software.
7. Unable to print
If the computer is not able to print, then the fault may be due to two factors. The computer
might not be connected to the printer or the printer might not be operational. A more common
problem is as a result of printer drivers not installed on a computer. Paper jams, paper tray
empty, ink tanks or toner empty can be other problms. Check cable connection also.
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In order for you to fix this fault you have to first check if the printer is turned on and that is
says “Ready to “Print”.

8. Icons are too small or big

If the icons are too small or large you have to change them by right clicking on the desktop
and checking on the view option. You will be able to see icon size; simply tick on the size that
you want. In order for you to get more specific sizes you can hold CTRL on your keyboard and
scroll up and down to change icon size to either small or large.
9. Computer refusing to connect to the internet
There are many ways to fix this fault. The most common problem or fault is that the computer
is not connected to the network. If the computer is using a wired network cables may not be
connected. If it uses a wireless network then you need to re-enter the security code in order
to connect. Also, there can be an issue with the network tools such as the router and other
hardware or software related with your computer.

Restarting windows can fix a problem. If you want to check your internet speed you can
use a tool like speedtest.net. You can also use windows network diagnostic tool to check
for local problems like drivers or wireless card failures.

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10. Mouse not responding
The mouse might not be properly connected to the computer. Try to unplug and reconnect it
to the system unit/tower case/computer box or laptop. If the problem persists there can be
two explanations. Either the mouse is not working or there is a problem with the port you
are using.
Connect the mouse to a different port to see where the problem is. If the mouse is not working
consider replacing it. Hence, it is advisable to have spare tools.
11. Applications running slowly
The slowing down of a computer can be caused by applications running poorly. However, it
is not simple to fix because there are so many factors that contribute to the slowing down of
a computer, for example, your computer might be in need of more RAM. The computer can
slow down when the hard drive is full.
You have to pinpoint the real cause of the slowdown. The best way to do this is shutting
down everything and start reopening applications one by one.
12. Applications not installing
Applications may fail to install because of many factors. For example, an application may
not be compatible with your particular operating system or the software has requirements
that your computer does not meet.
Always compare the minimum system requirement necessary to run software with
specification of your computer. If you do not meet those requirements then you simply cannot
run the program without upgrading.
Most of the time the software will still run but will do so poorly. There is a chance that it will
not finish the installation process.

Exercise 1

1. Find any ICT tools in your computer lab with a fault and try to fix them.
2. How do you fix a computer that is running slowly? If there is one with such a problem in
your lab, try and fix it.

Assembling and disassembling ICT tools

Most of the basic components are connected
in different ways and can be easily removed.
However, you have to be organised when
assembled or disambling ICT tools.
This will help to keep you from losing parts,
and also in making the reassembly easier.

5
Step 1: Unplugging

Unplug every cable that is connected to the computer. Wear a grounding strap or touch an
unpainted metal part of the computer to discharge any static electricity.
If you walk across a carpet at any point, touch an unpainted metal part of the computer
again to discharge the built up static electricity.

Step 2: The casing

After your computer is unplugged, move to a clean working space, preferably a table.

First of all, take the casing off the PC by sliding it towards the front side. Then place the case
aside as you do not need it anymore.
Step 3: The power supply
The power supply manages all the power for the computer.
The power supply is a large metal box located in the top left corner.
The power supply supplies power to every component in a computer; therefore, it has the
most wires out of every other component in the computer. The first thing you do is unplug
every wire coming from the power supply. The following should be disconnected:
• Motherboard (very large connector/plug).
• CD/DVD drive(s) power.

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 • Internal hard drive power.
• Portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, remove the screws holding the power supply in place, on the
back of the computer. Next, push the power supply from the outside, then lift it out.

NB: Keep the screws/bolt aside in a bag so when you assemble it back, it will be easier.
Step 4: CD/DVD drive
This is one of the easiest components to remove. Just push the grey metal and pull out the
drive.

If you do not have a second drive, there should be a flat piece of metal covering the drive slot.
Step 5: System fan
Most computers have two fans: the system fan, the one blowing
air into the computer, and the CPU fan, the one blowing air
onto the CPU heat sink. The system fan is located at the back
side of the computer, the side with all the component plugins.
First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find the
plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled
“SYS_FAN1”. Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the
outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the PC.

7
NB: Keep the screws/bolt aside in a bag so
when you assemble it back, it will be
easier.

Step 6: CPU fan

The CPU fan is located right on top of the
CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal
with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into
the motherboard which is hard to access. But
just follow the wires and you should easily
find it.
To remove the fan from the heat sink, remove the four screws securing it in place.
Step 7: Hard drive and floppy disk

Remove the metal casing on the top side of the PC.

Remove the hard drive and floppy disk combo from the computer. Then, remove each.

NB: Keep the screws/bolt aside in a bag so when you assembling it back, it will be easier.

Step 8: The power switch

To remove the button, you will need to push it from the back, the side with the wires. For
clarification, see the pictures.

8
Step 9: RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is the memory or information storage in a computer that is used to store running
programs and data for the programs. So, the more RAM you have, the faster your computer
runs. Most computers have 2 or 4 RAM slots.
To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located
at both ends of the RAM.
Step 10: CPU

Remove the CPU by working the lever. Handle with care.

Step 11: Heat sinker

Take out the heat sink through the lever, handle with care.

9
Step 12: The motherboard

The motherboard is the mother of the computer. The motherboard links every component in
the computer together. The CPU, RAM and expansion cards are attached directly to it, and
every other part of the computer is in one way or another attached to it.
The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are indicated by large
white circles around them. Remove those seven, then lift the motherboard out of the frame.
NB: Keep the screws/bolt aside in a bag so when you assembling it back, it will be easier.

Activity 1

1. With the help of your teacher disassemble a computer. Follow the instruction that you
were given in your notes. Do it carefully.
2. With the help of your teacher, check the configuration of your computer and make the
following changes to your printer.

3. Go to start, Printers and faxes.

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4. Find the printer you want to use and make sure it says Ready. If it says offline, right click
on it and select printer online.

5. Right click on the printer you want to use and select your printer as Default Printer.

6. Now test your printer configuration by printing a test page by right click the printer and
select properties. Then in the general tab click on the test page button.
7. If you are unable to print restart your computer.
8. After restarting try to print a test page again to check your printer configuration.

Key points in this unit

• A faulty power supply can cause the computer to shutdown suddenly.

• Always check your computer connections between the monitor and the central
processing unit.
• If a laptop has a fault, you need a professional to fix it.
• If you hear noise from your computer, it is a sign of hardware malfunction or noisy fan.
• When your computer is refusing to print check your connections between the printer
and computer.
• Computer components are connected in different ways so they can be assembled or
dissembled.

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Unit Revision Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions
1. If a computer is on but the screen is______then there is a problem with the connection.
A. green B. working C. blank D. connected
2. When a laptop has a fault you need to get________to fix it.
A. doctor B. screw driver C. professional D. mouse
3. To avoid your computer from overheating you need to__________.
A. switch it off B. visit the internet C. check the fan D. check the connection
4. What does CPU stand for?
A. Central Processing Unit B. Central Point Unit
C. Central Packet Unit D. Central Processing Union
5. Which of the following is not a computer fault?
A. Strange noise B. Blank screen C. Overheating D. Printing

Structured Questions
1. List any five (5) computer faults.
2. Explain how you would fix a mouse that is not working.
3. What could be the causes of strange noise in a computer?
4. What is the first stage of disassembling a computer?

Practical Questions
1. Using the desktop option make changes to icons that are either too small or too big.
2. Find a computer that is not connecting to the internet and try to fix.
3. Find computers that are not working and fix them.

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 Unit CREATING AND PUBLISHING

2
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) use query design wizard to create queries.
(b) query a database.
(c) modify queries to refine search results.
(d) design reports using wizard.

Looking Back
In grade 6, you learnt about creating a database and entering data. That knowledge is going
to help you further in understanding how we are going to create queries, modify queries and
design reports using wizards.

Key Words

Query - is a request for data or information from a database table or combination of
tables.
Report - offers a way to view, format and summaries the information in your database.
Tables - is an on object which stores data in rows and columns.
Row - a row is correctly called a record.
Column - is called a field.
Form - is a database object that you can use to create a user interface for a database
application.
Report - is an object in database used for formatting, calculating, printing and
summarising selected data.

Database
A database is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easy to access.
Most databases contain multiple tables which may each include different fields (columns).
There are softwares that are used to create databases such as My SQL, Oracle, Microsoft
SQL, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel and many more. A school, company, hospital or any
other organisation can have its own database.

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1. Launch Query Design View. Click Query design from the create tab in the ribbon

2. Select each table that you need in the query and click Add to add it to the Query. Once
you have added the tables you need to, click Close to close the dialog box.

3. Add fields. We are now in Design View. The top panel contains the tables that we
selected in the previous step. These are the tables that are available for us to use in the
Query.

15
Saving a query
If you plan to run the query again in future, you should save it. Saving a query is just like
saving any other database object.
Follow the following steps to save a query:
1. Right click the query tab and select Save from the menu.
2. Provide a name for the query and click OK.

3. The query is now added to the left navigation pane under a queries heading. Once saved,
you can go back and modify the query at any time by right clicking in the navigation
pane and selecting Design View.
Querying a database
A query is used to retrieve data from the database. Queries are one of the things that make
databases so powerful. For example, you want to know how many students live in a given
city or you want to see which individual have registered with your database within a given
period of time. You can query a database via a user interface. The design view enables you
to pick and choose which column you want to display and which criteria you want to use
to filter the data. Regardless of the method you use to query the database, the results will
usually be displayed in tabular format.
Modify queries
Modifying queries involves the following changes:
• Opening existing queries.
• Renaming queries.
• Deleting queries.
• Updating existing queries.
• Repairing existing queries automatically.
Using a query is similar to filtering and sorting tables but much more powerful. Queries are
used to extract and study data within one or more tables. Queries can be saved, edited and
reused. They provide output for use by other database objects, such a forms and reports.
Queries are also capable of working with data across multiple tables. Different queries are
designed to perform different functions, for example an update query searches for and
updates field information in one or more tables, whilst a delete query searches for and
deletes records from one or more tables.
An update query is similar to the Find & Replace function found in most Microsoft applications,
only more advanced.

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You can do calculations on the data in the report. Again, you can also group and sort in the
report. It also shows data from more than one table as long as the tables are related. They
also display graphics and pictures.
There are different types of reports but the most common used are the columnar reports and
tabular reports. The following diagram shows information on columnar report and tabular
reports.
If you want to close a report;
• right click on the Orders report tab.
• select the Close command from the list displayed, to close the report.

Activity 3

Create a report using Report Wizard

1. Click on report Tab from the object tab while in the database window. To open the
database window, click the database icon or press the F11 key on the keyboard.
2. Select the option create report by using wizard.
3. Select student information (or any other database you have created) from the table or
queries drop down list.
4. The available fields section gives you a chance to select the field you want to include in
the Report.
5. Click the next button.
6. Select to sort the records by surname. If you want to sort in descending order, you just
click on ascending button to toggle between the two sort options.

Deleting a report
1. Make sure that report you wish to delete is closed. If it not done you will get an error
message like the one that is below.

2. Click on the database icon or press F11 key from the keyboard to open the database
window if you are not in it.
3. Click on the name of the report you wish to delete. pres the delete icon from the database
window tool bar.

20
Unit Revision Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A ___________ is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easily
accessed.
A. report B. company C. file D. database
2. A ____________consists of rows and columns.
A. tables B. design C. primary D. field
3. With a query you can _____________.
A. insert a picture
B. create a database
C. you can sort the results in the order of your choice.
D. create a form
4. Which of the following is not a way of closing an object?
A. Using the file menu. B. Using the control menu
C. Using the keyboard. D. Using the main menu.
5. When creating a database, you need to know the ______________ you are going to
enter into the database.
A. database B. data type C. keyboard D. fields

Structured Questions
1. List any three tasks that can be performed by a query.
2. Explain the way of closing an object using the keyboard.
3. How do you delete an existing field in a query?
4. Explain how you can delete a report.

Practical Questions
1. Create a blank database from Access Welcome screen > click blank desktop database
from the welcome screen (that is, the screen that is displayed when you first open
Access). Name the database. For this exercise name it music database.
2. Create a Query Design using the query design
3. Create a new Table in Design View using Microsoft Access.

21
 Unit COMPUTER SOFTWARE

3
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) alter images.
(b) add information to an existing image inorder to relay information in a graphical way.
(c) cut elements from one image and paste them in another.
(d) plan and compose a video clip.
(e) download, organise and edit video clips.

Looking Back
In grade 6, you learnt about recording videos, animating images, exploring 2D and 3D
images and editing properties of image. That knowledge is going to help you further your
understanding of how we are going to alter images.

Key Words

Morphing - the changing of one image into another.

Editing - t he process of making changes to a text or film, deciding what will be
removed and what will be kept.

Multimedia
Multimedia refers to the combined use of sound, videos, pictures and text to present an
idea. Multimedia applications allow us to combine and edit media. To edit is to change the
appearance of an image or video file. Media can be sound, videos, pictures or text.
Cropping images
Cropping images is removing the outer parts of a photograph or image. Cropping allows us
to position our images better.

22
We are going to crop an image using Microsoft Office Picture Manager.

1. Load Microsoft Office Picture Manager by clicking its icon on the desktop.
2. The picture manager will load as shown below.

3. To load a picture, you need to add the picture shortcut to the picture manager. Click on
“File” and then on “Add Picture Shortcut”, as shown below.

4. Navigate to the folder which has your pictures through the file explorer that comes up
as shown below.

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11. Save the cropped image by clicking on “File” and then on “Save as” as shown below.

12. Give the file a name especially your name and class as shown below.

13. Click on “Save” to finish saving your document.

Activity 1

1. Using a computer connected to the internet search for any five free image editing
programs. Download and install the programs to your computer. Edit images using each
of the five programs you have installed on your computer.
2. Make a comparison between the programs using criteria shown in the table below.

Program name Simplicity in use Beautiful interface Tools available

Program 1 Good Excellent Good
Program 2 Very good Very good Excellent
Program 3
Program 4
Program 5

26
3. Double click on the image you want to load it in GIMP.

4. Select text tool from the Toolbox. The text tool has the letter “A” icon. Once the text
tool has been activated two options are available.
(a) Click and drag to create an area where you would like your text to live.
(b) Click in the image window where you would like your text to be.
Let us use option “b” first. Click the image on the position you want to put the text.

5. Before you can write your text, you can change font type, font size and font colour from
the small pop-up window shown above. Type text in the text frame as shown below.
Your text should give a description of your image.

6. To format the text select it first. To select text;

(a) Press and hold the shift key.
(b) From the cursor position press the arrow key which points to the direction of text.
(c) In the above situation the left arrow key is used.
(d) Release the buttons after all the text has been selected.

28
4. Shelly’s picture is selected in the GIMP workspace by clicking it in the picture tab as
shown below. We want to cut Shelly’s face and paste it into Memory’s face.

Shelly’s picture Memory’s

picture

5. Zoom in Shelly’s picture by clicking the plus (+) button. Press the shift then plus button
to zoom in. Below is the zoomed in picture of Shelly.

6. Next you select the part of the face that you want to cut.Grab the free selection tool from
the toolbox.

Go to Shelly’s face and select the part of the face you want.

Select the main features of her face as shown below. To select you press and hold the
left mouse button and move around the face until you reach the starting point.

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11. Grab the move tool and move the layer where it fits best on the second face.

12. Bring down the opacity of the layer a little bit. Click on opacity on the right size of the
picture and bring it down.

Bring down
opacity

13. Line up the eyes and mouth using the move tool.

14. Remove the eyebrows showing on the original image. Click the original image in the
image layers. Below the original image is MemoryT.jpg.

15. Click clone tool from the toolbox. Select a medium sized brush from the right side
of the picture.

Medium sized
brush

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19. Adjust colour levels by experimenting with input levels until the desired colour tone is
achieved as below. Click OK once satisfied.

20. Finally we have to clean up the edges using the eraser tool. Select the softest brush.

Enlarge the brush by adjusting size under Eraser.

Click on the image edges to smoothen them. The final images are shown below.

Original Face Swapped

Activity 3

Learners should come up with a topic of interest for example History of Zimbabwe. Plan on
getting information on the history of Zimbabwe. Plan on interviewing a character who knows
much on your topic of interest. Come up with interview questions. Organise an appointment
with the interviewee. Use a digital camera, camcorder (video camera) or a smartphone to
record a video of the interview.

36
Exercise 3

1. Videos can be recorded using _____ and ______.

2. A digital camera can capture both ______ and______.
3. In a digital camera there is a ________ which records sound.

Downloading and editing video clips

To download is to transfer a file to a local computer. A local computer is currently being used
by someone. Video clips can be downloaded from a digital camera, camcorder or smartphone.
Videos can be downloaded wirelessly using a wireless network or using USB cables.
Downloading videos
1. Connect your digital camera through the USB port using a USB cable.

USB port

Digital camera connected to a PC through a USB cable.

2. Navigate to your camera by clicking the File Explorer on the taskbar.

File Explorer.
3. Under This PC select your camera or smartphone. Below the camera is named S9300.

37
2. Move the mouse pointer to the folder where you want to put your video file. You can paste
from inside or outside the folder. To paste from outside right click on the folder and select
paste.

3. The progress bar shows the transfer progress of your file. The progress bar disappears
when download has been completed.

Dragging and dropping

1. To drag and drop a video file expand the folder which has the
subfolder you want to put your file. In this case videos folder is
expanded to show Downloads subfolder. A subfolder is a folder
inside another folder.
2. To drag the file, move the mouse pointer to the file you want to drag. Press and hold the
left mouse button and move the mouse to the folder where you want to drop the file.
Upon reaching the folder a copy message is shown. Release the left mouse button to
start copying.

39
5. Delete the default text “My Movie” and write your own title. In this case, we will use the
title, Choral Music Festival 2019.

6. The text can be formatted using formatting options such as bold, italics, font type,
font colour, outline colour and transparency. Click the play button to preview your
changes. Animations and visual effects can also be added to the video.
7. To save the video click on Home and the on Save movie. Select the format you want to
save the video with from the drop down list shown.

8. Save the movie with a name to the directory of your choice preferably Videos library.

9. Click on save to finish saving

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 Activity 4

1. Download any video from a digital camera or a smartphone to your computer. Use any
video editing software you can find to edit your video. Edit your video using the following
options;
(a) Themes.
(b) Animations.
(c) Brightness.
(d) Add music.
2. Compare the edited video to the original to see if the changes made the video more
interesting. As a class try to rate the edited videos to come up with a top ten.

Exercise 4

1. Name any three video editing programs.

2. Give any two video editing options.
3. A pop-up window which gives information about file transfer is called a ____.

Key points in this unit

• Hardware and software working together makes a computer system.
• Multimedia refers to the combined use of sound, videos, pictures and text to present
an idea.
• To edit is to change the appearance of an image or video file.
• Cropping images is removing the outer parts of a photograph or image.
• Morphing is animation that changes one image slowly into another.
• To download is to transfer a file to a local computer.

Unit Revision Exercises

Multiple Choice Questions
1. Hardware is ____________ without software.
A. not very useful B. useful C. cheap D. expensive
2. Which list contains only computer programs?
A. Adobe Reader, McAfee Antivirus, Scratch Desktop, Filmora9
B. Microsoft Office, Desktop, Facebook, Kodu Game Lab
C. iWork Numbers, Fan, Motherboard, Digitiser
D. None of the above
3. To edit is to __________.
A. delete a file B. move a file
C. make modifications to a file D. Create a file
4. Changing one image slowly into another is called__________.
A. morphing B. mopping C. morefine D. mooting
43
TEST 1
Paper 1: Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option from either A, B, C or D.
1. A ___________ is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easy to
access.
A. database B. table C. query D. report
2. Which of the following is not a software used to create a database?
A. My SQL. B. Oracle. C. Microsoft Access. D. Microsoft word.
3. What is the use of a query?
A. Collect data. B. Create tables.
C. Create database. D. To retrieve data from the database.
4. A __________ consist of rows and columns.
A. tables B. design C. primary D. field
5. When creating a database, you need to know the __________you are going to enter into
the database.
A. database B. data type C. keyboard D. fields
6. With a query you can ________.
A. insert a picture B. create a database
C. create a form D. sort the results in the order of your choice
7. If the operating system is not responding or is misbehaving then you have to______.
A. restart your computer and run a virus scan
B. shut down your computer and run a virus scan
C. shut down and restart your computer
D. restart and shut down your computer
8. A query is a way of ______ from one or more tables.
A. deleting and searching data B. searching and compiling data
C. moving and searching data D. moving and deleting data
9. When you run a query, the results are presented to you in a __________.
A. form B. database C. table D. row
10. To run the query, you click ________ button on the ribbon.
A. !run B. select C. run D. view
11. If your computer is too slow you have to verify that your machine is the actual source of
problem. If the problem is the computer check ___________.
A. check power source
B. check screen colour
C. check internet connection
D. check your free space on the hard drive holding your operating system

45
24. Computer programs that use a mixture of sound, pictures, video, and text to give
information are called ______ programs.
A. editing B. morphing C. multimedia D. highlighting
25. Removing outer parts of an image is called ______.
A. morphong B. dropping C. cropping D. selecting
26. Which tool is this?

A. Crop tool B. Align tool C. Select tool D. Rotate tool

27. Software that manages computer resources is called________.
A. style software B. application software
C. system software D. machine software
28. A technique which involves using a computer to make an image appear to change shape
or change into something else is called _____.
A. styling B. molding C. mordenising D. morphing
29. Name this tool.

A. Free select tool B. Fuzzy select tool C. Zoom tool D. Shear tool
30. The following group contains only multimedia software.
A. Adobe Reader, GIMP, Adobe Photoshop, Facebook
B. Paint, Microsoft Picture Manager, GIMP, Windows Movie Maker
C. Windows 10, Notepad, Windows Media Player, Turtle System
D. Wondershare Filmora, GIMP, Adobe Premiere Pro, Mouse

47
Paper 2: Stuctured Questions
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. What is a database? [2]
2. Queries are mainly used to search for __________. [1]
3. A _________ can use a database to find information about each patient. [1]
4. A _________ is called a field. [1]
5. Name three way of closing either a table, query or a report. [3]
6. What is the difference between a table and a report? [2]
7. List three functions of reports. [3]
8. Overheating is caused __________. [1]
9. Strange noise is caused by ___________. [1]
10. If a computer is refusing to print, what is the problem? [1]
11. Define disassembling. [1]
12. C PU stands for __________. [1]
13. RAM stands for _________. [1]
14. Explain the first stage of disassembling a computer. [2]
15. If your mouse is not working you should __________. [2]
16. What is the difference between software and hardware? [2]
17. Give any two examples of image editing programs. [2]
18. What is photo or video editing? [2]
19. An icon is a ___________. [1]
20. Double clicking is __________. [1]

Section B
Answer any three questions.
1. Using Microsoft Access, create a blank database and name it music. [5]
2. Using the desktop option make changes to icons to make them too big. [5]
3. How do you delete an existing field in a query? [5]
4. Take a headshot (picture of only head and shoulders) of your friend using a digital camera
or smartphone. Download the image to your computer. Use an image editing software
to crop the image. Resize your image to 768 pixels wide and 975 pixels high (768 × 975
pixels). Save both images in a folder. [5]
5. Take two images of your friends using the same camera, resolution and lighting.
Download the images to your computer. Perform a swap of the legs of one of your
friends to another. Save all the three images in a named folder. [5]

48
 Unit SAFETY AND SECURITY

4
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) install antivirus software.
(b) configure firewalls.
(c) use firewalls and antivirus.
(d) update antivirus software.
(e) explain the importance of the data protection legislation.
(f) interpret data protection legislation.

Looking Back
By now you are able to identify the effects of hacking. You are also able to list the methods
of minimizing the effects of hacking. Now you are going to install antivirus and configure
firewalls. You are also going to update antivirus software. You will also identify the importance
of the data protection legislation and interpret the protection legislation.

Key Words
Firewalls – computer hardware or software that prevents unauthorised access to
private data.
Antivirus – programs designed to find and intercept viruses before they do any harm.
Malware – software designed to interfere with a computer’s normal functioning.
Legislation – a law or set of rules made by the government.

Installing antivirus software

Antivirus programs defend computers from malware that comes
through email, flash drives, downloads and websites. Windows is the
most virus prone operating system out of the three major operating
systems. It has the most users and the weakest built-in security.
Step 1 Antivirus program
Acquire an active antivirus program.
There are several popular options for an average user on the internet.
49
Most antivirus programs allow you to right-click on the icon in the System Tray while it is
running and click Update.
Update your antivirus definitions regularly. Most antivirus programs are set to automatically
update. There is need to check the settings of your antivirus to ensure that you are receiving
the necessary updates. Once the antivirus is updated and scanned, it is time to scan your
computer. This could take several hours, depending on the number of files being scanned
and your computer speed.
Never put a firewall into production that is not properly secured by the following configurations:
• Update your firewall to the latest firmware.
• Delete, disable, or rename any default user accounts and change all default passwords.
Make sure you use complex and secure passwords.
• If multiple administrators will manage the firewall, create additional administrator
accounts with limited privileges based on responsibilities. Never use shared user
accounts.

Activity 4

In pairs, update antivirus software on your computers.

Exercise 4

1. Antivirus must be updated ____________. (twice / frequently / once)

2. Activate necessary __________. (updates / malware / hardware)
3. Most antivirus have automatic updates. (True / False)

The Data Protection Legislation

Data Protection Act was passed in 1988. It was developed to control how personal or
customer information is used by organisation or government bodies. It protects people and
lays down rules about how data about people can be used. The Data Protection Legislation
provides rules about data sharing and data security. The legislation provides stronger
protection for more sensitive information like ethnic background, political opinions, religious
beliefs and health.
Everyone who is responsible for using personal data has to follow strict rules called data
protection principals. They must make sure the information is:
• used fairly, lawfully and transparently.
• used for specific, explicit purposes.
• used in a way that is, adequate, relevant and limited to what is only necessary.
• accurate, and where necessary kept up to date.
• kept for no longer than is necessary.
• handled in a way that ensures appropriate security, including protection against
unlawful and unauthorised processing, access, loss, destruction or damage.

52
Unit Revision Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Antivirus programs defend computers from malware that comes through _________.
A. email B. flash drives C. downloads D. Avast
2. When downloading free or paid antivirus programs, ensure that you are downloading
from a __________.
A. trusted source B. any source C. untrusted source D. unsecure source
3. All servers on the internet have domain names, for example _______.
A. www.seeblue.com B. ww.seeblue.com
C. www.seeblue D. w.seeblue. com
4. Firewalls must be updated at least every _________.
A. 1 months B. 2 months C. 3 months D. 6 months
5. Data Protection Act was passed in ________.
A. 2020 B. 1988 C. 2000 D. 1999
6. ___________ provides rules about data sharing and data security.
A. Data Protection Legislation B. Legislation Protection
C. Protection Act D. Legislation Act

Structured Questions
1. What is the function of an antivirus program?
2. Your firewall is a critical part of __________.
3. What is the purpose of Data Protection Legislation?
4. Define the following terms:
(a) firewall.
(b) malware.
(c) legislation.

Practical Questions
1. Install an antivirus of your choice on your computer.
2. Update antivirus software on your computer.

54
 WORLD WIDE WEB AND
Unit
ONLINE COLLABORATION

5
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) use increasingly effective search terms to find information.
(b) download freely available educational material.
(c) use web programming software to create a web page.
(d) design a school website.

Looking Back
In the previous grade, you learnt about uploading and documents, using search engines
to retrieve information and sending and receiving email. In this grade, you will learn about
using effective search terms to find information, use web programming software to create
web pages.

Key Words

Advanced search - a built-in feature of Google (and most search websites) which allows a
user to specify additional requirements for a search.
Web development - refers to building, creating, and maintaining websites.
HTML - refers to HyperText Markup Language and is the most basic building
block of the Web.

Surfing the Internet

How to use advanced search in Google (Example for all results)
Advanced search is a built-in feature of Google (and most
search websites) which allows a user to specify additional
requirements for a search. When used for searching the Web,
an advanced search gives additional information to Google,
which helps refine the search.
Step 1
Visit www.google.com and type what you are searching for. Example “Zimbabwe map”

55
Step 6
Once you are done, then click on advanced search to see your search results and Google on!

Activity 1

Use advanced search on (Image results) to find only black and white Bus images.

Web Programming
Web development refers to building, creating, and maintaining websites. All web programming
is done with web programming languages. These languages can include HTML, CSS,
JavaScript and PHP. The following method teaches you how to create a simple, text-based
webpage by using your Windows computer’s Notepad application. You will use HTML as your
webpage’s language.
Open Start
1. Click the Windows logo in the bottom-left corner of the screen. The Start menu will
pop up. Search for Notepad. Type in notepad to do so. You should see a list of matching
results appear near the top of the Start menu.

58
2. Click Notepad. It is a blue notepad icon at the top of the list of results. Doing so prompts
Notepad to open.

3. Click File. This is in the top-left corner of the Notepad window. Clicking it prompts a
drop-down menu.

4. Click Save As…. It is in the drop-down menu. The Save As window will open:

5. Click the “Save as type” drop-down box. This option is near the bottom of the window,
and should have «Text documents (*.txt)» written on it.

59
8. Enter a name and the “html” file extension. Click the «File name» text box, then type
in whatever you want to name your file followed by. ht ml . Then click Save
• For example, to name your webpage’s file “hello”, you would type in hello . ht ml .

Setting up your webpage

1. Add your webpage’s language tag. The first tag you›ll need to add to Notepad tells the
rest of the document to use HTML. Type the following into Notepad: 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

2. Add the “head” tags. These tags mark the beginning and end of the page title, which
you›ll create in the next step. For now, just type <he ad> after the «<html>» tag, press
Enter Key twice to leave a space, and type in < / he ad>.

3. Add page title to your website. The title, which is placed between «<title></title>»
tags, goes in the space between the «head» tags.

61
7. Save your document. Press Ctrl+S to do so. You can now proceed with adding page
elements, such as paragraphs and headings, to your document.

Adding webpage elements

1. K
 now that all of your webpage elements go between the “body” tags. Any element – be
it a heading or a paragraph – needs to be written after the “<body>” tag and before the
“</body>” tag.

2. Add your website’s main heading. Type <h1> < / h1> in between the «body» tags, then
type whatever you want your webpage›s main heading to be in between the «<h1></
h1>» tags. For example, to create a page with the heading «Welcome», you would have
the following:
<h1>Welcome</h1>
• You can use tags “<h2></h2>” through “<h6></h6>” to create smaller heading text.

3. Add paragraph text to the page. Type in the paragraph tags, which are «<p></p>»,
and then enter whatever you want to use as your paragraph in between the tags. Your
end result should look something like this:

63
Unit Revision Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions
1. ________ searches give additional information to Google, which helps refine the search.
A. Good B. Google C. Advanced D. More
2. Which of the following is not an example of an Advanced search option?
A. “All these words” B. “Any of these words box”.
C. “This exact wording or phrase” D. “Search anywhere”
3. Web development does not refer to___________.
A. building websites B. creating websites
C. maintaining websites D. browsing websites
4. Which of the following is not a web programming language?
A. HTML B. CSS C. JavaScript D. Avast
5. To name your webpage’s file “peace”, you would type in________.
A. p e ace . ht ml . B. peace.html C. peacehtml D. peace.htm.

Structured Questions
1. What is the function of an advanced search?
2. List any three advanced search options.
3. What is the meaning of web development?
4. List any two web programming languages.
5. All web programming is done with________________.

Practical Question
1. Visit a website of your choice and indicate where bold text and italic text is used.

66
 Unit ICT CAREERS

6
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) identify career opportunities.
(b) outline the roles of different ICT personnel.

Looking Back
In the previous grade, you learnt about the roles of a web developer and professionals that
work with a web developer. In this grade you will learn about roles of ICT personnel.

Key Words

Software developer - ICT personnel who create software that enables users to
perform specific tasks on computer devices.
Computer technician - ICT personnel who perform tasks that revolve around the
installation, maintenance and replacement of hardware.
Database administrator - ICT personnel who set up databases according to a company’s
needs and make sure they operate efficiently.

Software developers
What they do?
Software developers typically do the following:
1. Analyse users’ needs and then design,
test, and develop software to meet those
needs
2. Recommend software upgrades for
customers’ existing programs and
systems.
3. Design each piece of an application or
system and plan how the pieces will
work together. Software developer

67
4. Create a variety of models and diagrams (such as flowcharts) that show programmers
the software code needed for an application.
5. Ensure that a program continues to function normally through software maintenance
and testing.
6. Document every aspect of an application or system as a reference for future maintenance
and upgrades.
7. Collaborate with other computer specialists to create optimum software.
How to become one:
Software developers usually have a bachelor’s degree in computer science and strong
computer programming skills.
Computer technician
What they do?
1. Identifying and troubleshooting problems.
2. Maintaining hardware and software.
3. Resolving network and connectivity
issues.
4. Repairing motherboards and upgrading
firmware.
5. Installing software applications.
6. Handling updates.
7. Providing technical support.
How to become one:
The Computer Hardware Technician must have a Bachelor’s Degree In Computer Science or a
related one. They should possess relevant knowledge regarding the integration of hardware
boards, random access memory, motherboard, processor and other essential components.
Database administrator
What they do?
1. Installing and setting up the database.
2. Protecting the database against threats
or unauthorised access.
3. Ensuring that the database is backed up
and able to be recovered in the event of
memory loss.
4. Suggesting changes and improvements
for database maintenance or protection.
5. Upgrading the database for better
performance.
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6. Computer technicians do the following except for ______________.
A. installing software applications
B. handling updates
C. providing technical support
D. protecting the database against threats or unauthorised access
7. Database administrators do the following except ___________.
A. resolving network and connectivity issues
B. ensuring that the database is backed up and able to be recovered in the event of
memory loss
C. suggesting changes and improvements for database maintenance or protection
D. upgrading the database for better performance

Structured Questions
1. List any two jobs in the ICT field.
2. List any two duties performed by professionals in the ICT field.
3. What qualifications are needed for one to become a database administrator?

70
TEST 2
Paper 1: Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option from either A, B, C or D.
1. Antivirus programs defend computers are defended from malware that comes through
_________ by antivirus programs.
A. ESET B. flash drives C. email D. downloads
2. What does HTML stand for?
A. Hyper Text Markup Language
B. Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language
C. Home Tool Markup Language
D. Markup Language
3. What is the correct sequence of HTML tags for starting a webpage?
A. Head, Title, HTML B. Title, Head, HTML
C. HTML, Head, Title D. Head, Title
4. WWWW, stands for __________.
A. World Wide Web Worm B. World Wide Wildlife Web
C. World Wide Women’s Web D. World Wide Women’s Week
5. HTML is used to create ________.
A. machine language program B. high level program
C. web page D. web server
6. All servers on the internet have domain names, for example _______.
A. www.wildlife.com B. ww.wildlife.com
C. www.wildlifie. D. w.wildlfie. com
7. Firewalls must be updated at least every _________.
A. everyday B. 6 months C. 1 months D. after two weeks
8. In internet terminology IP means _____________.
A. Internet Provider B. Internet Protocol
C. Internet Procedure D. Internet Processor
9. The process of transferring files from a computer on the Internet to your computer is
called _________.
A. uploading B. forwarding C. FTP D. downloading
10. Which one of the following is not a search engine?
A. Bing B. Google C. Yahoo D. Windows
11. In which year was the Data Protection Act passed?
A. 2019 B. 1988 C. 2008 D. 1990
12. Which of the following is not an example of an Advanced search option?
A. “All these words” B. “Search around”
C. “This exact wording or phrase” D. “Any of these words”
13. Web development refers to ___________.
A. building and creating websites
B. creating websites
C. building, creating and maintaining websites
D. maintaining websites
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 Unit PROGRAMMING

7
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) describe how computers process instructions and commands.
(b) create a basic software program.
(c) create an on-screen icon using text-based programming.

Looking Back
In the previous grade, you learnt about using templates on a computer to create solutions to
given scenarios. In this unit, you will learn how to create basic software programs.

Key Words

Flowchart – a type of diagram that represents a process.

Programming – the process of writing computer programs.

Processing instructions
Just like humans, computers use a brain to process instructions. For a computer the brain
is the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is also called the microprocessor or simply
the processor. The CPU is the chip that executes all of the computer programs. The CPU is
located on the motherboard and communicates with all other hardware components inside
the computer.
To process instructions, the CPU goes through four steps. The steps are fetch, decode,
execute and writeback.
1. Fetch phase
When the user makes a command to open a program, the CPU receives this request and
processes it. The CPU retrieves the desired program by accessing the memory for the
program’s location. After locating the program, the CPU gets further instructions from the
program.

74
Flowchart symbols and their purpose

Flowchart symbol Geometrical shape Purpose

Ellipse is used to indicate the start and end of a

flowchart. Start written in the ellipse indicates
Ellipse the beginning of a flowchart. End or Stop or
Exit written in the ellipse indicates the end of
the flowchart.

A parallelogram is used to show data (input)

Parallelogram or to print data (output).

A rectangle is used to show the processing

Rectangle that takes place in the flowchart.

A diamond with two branches is used to show

the decision making step in a flowchart. A
Diamond question is specified in the diamond. The next
step in the sequence is based on the answer
to the question which is “Yes” or “No”.

Arrows are used to connect the steps in a

flowchart, to show the flow or sequence of the
Arrows problem solving process.

Flowchart – Snakes and ladder game

Start
Give dice to
next player
Throw the dice

Move the coin

Yes Slide down to the tail

Landed on snake head
of the snake
No
Yes
Landed on ladder bottom Move up the ladder
No
Reached the last block of game? No
Yes
You are the winner

End

76
4. Click on events and drag as shown below.

5. We want to use a loop to draw a square so we have to drag a loop block. Before looping
we need a pen to draw with. To add a pen to code block, click on add extension as
shown below.

Add extension

A window with extensions to select is displayed select pen. If successfully selected, Pen
will be shown under code blocks.

80
 Pen extension

6. Drag to the scripts area by clicking on Pen and then dragging Pen down.

7. Click the control block and drag the block.

Change parameter 10 to 4. Parameter 4 means the loop will repeat 4 times.

81
8. Click the motion block. No motion blocks are displayed because we do not have a sprite
selected in our project.

9. Add a sprite to the project by clicking on, “Choose a sprite”, icon. Sprites are
shown as below.

10. Select any sprite from the list shown. In this case select Beetle sprite. The previous script
block will be erased repeat the above steps to add the script.

82
13. To change the backdrop (picture at the background of a sprite) click on the, “Choose a

backdrop icon”

14. Choose a backdrop of your choice from the list. The selected backdrop is shown below.
Save your project by clicking on, “File” then “Save as”.

Activity 2

Create a project using scratch that draws a square without using a loop. Use a sprite and a
backdrop of your own choice.

Exercise 2

1. Name any three sprite categories found in scratch.

2. Give any two backdrops found in scratch.
3. Scratch can be used offline only. (True / False)

84
 COMMUNICATION AND
Unit
NETWORKING

8
Unit Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
(a) design a network cable.
(b) configure a network.
(c) access network resources.
(d) identify types of mobile technology and network providers.
(e) access mobile network services.
(f) identify different types of internet services.
(g) access internet services.

Looking Back
In this chapter, you will begin by relating networks to situations and concepts you already
covered in grade 6. Once you have a basic understanding of what networks are and what
they can do, it helps if you can actually begin working with them. In its widest sense, a
network consists of two or more objects, sharing resources and information.

Key words

Network –  is the connection of two or more computers sharing resources and

information.
Internet – is a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer
networks that use protocols and standards to facilitate data transmission
and exchange.
RJ 45 cable – is a cable that is used to connect computers.

RJ45 Cables
There are two types of RJ45 cables in everyday use. Standard patch cables and crossover
cables. The standard patch cable may be used, for example, to connect a computer to a
network router/switch, or to connect a cable modem to a router/switch. The crossover cable
is most often used to connect two computers directly without the use of a router or switch.

89
 RJ45 PINOUT T-568B

1. White/ Orange
2. Orange
3. White/Green
4. Blue
5. White/Blue
6. Green
7. White/Brown
8. Brown

There are two kinds of Ethernet cable is used for communication.

1. Straight through.
2. Cross over cable.
Straight through cable
Straight through ethernet cables are the standard cable used for almost all purposes, and
are often called “patch cables”. It is highly recommend you duplicate the colour order as
shown below. Note how the green pair is not side-by-side as are all the other pairs. This
configuration allows for longer wire runs.

RJ-45 Plug
Pin 1

Clip is pointed
away from you

Always remember that both end connector clip facing away from you when check the colour.
Crossover cables
The purpose of a Crossover Ethernet cable is to directly connect one computer to another
computer (or device) without going through a router, switch or hub.

RJ-45 Plug
Pin 1

Clip is pointed
away from you

91
Wired network
(a) Shutdown all computers and the router (if necessary).
(b) Turn on one computer you will use to setup the router.
(c) Your router should have come equipped with a piece of paper or a brochure of just
a few pages that lists the instructions to follow to setup the router. One of the early
instructions may ask you to insert the CD that came with the router, in the CD drive
and wait for the instructions. Follow these instructions truly.
(d) After setting up and configuring the router, turn it off and turn off the computer you
used to set it up (this step is optional).
(e) Connect each of the other computers to the router using an RJ-45 cable for each
connection:

Microsoft Windows 7 provides a fast way to create a peer-to-peer network. To use it, start
Windows Explorer. Depending on the computer or its maker, in the left frame, you may see
an icon labelled Home group:

94
If you see it, click it. A new window will come up:

Read the text and click Join Now. Another window would come up:

Click Next. You will be asked to provide a password.

Exercise 2

1. With the help of your teacher setup peer to peer network. Follow the instructions in your
notes of connecting computers.
2. Discuss the components of a peer to peer network.

95
TEST 3
Paper 1: Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option from either A, B, C or D.
1. The act of writing instructions that make a computer do various things is called _____.
A. coding B. program C. writing D. instructing
2. Which computer part acts as the brain?
A. Microprocessor B. System unit
C. Motherboard D. PC
3. The CPU accesses the memory for program location during which step of processing
information?
A. Decode B. Writeback C. Fetch D. Execute
4. To decode is to__________
A. retrieve information from the memory.
B. translate computer instructions into a language understood by the CPU.
C. follow instructions according to their order doing as they state.
D. record feedback on progress.
5. A(n) ______________ is a graphical representation of the problem-solving process.
A. flowchart B. algorithm C. pseudocode D. program
6. A ______ is a set of operations in a computer program that are continuously repeated.
A. decision B. process C. loop D. binary tree
7. In scratch we drag ___________ to the scripts area to create programs.
A. scripts B. sprites C. backdrops D. code blocks
8. ____________ is a text-based programming method.
A. Scratch B. Kodu
C. Turtle system D. Toontalk
9. A _____________ is a name given to a section of the computer memory that stores a
value in a computer program.
A. parameter B. value C. valuable D. variable
10. What is the name of this button?
A. Back B. Resume C. On D. Stop
11. What do you do if your computer is refusing to connect to internet and is a wireless
connection?
A. Re-enter the code in order to connect to the network.
B. Change the code.
C. Change the password of your computer.
D. Change the network devices.
12. Which of the following is not a computer fault?
A. Overheating. B. Strange noise.
C. Blank screen. D. Printing.

104