lecture 3 stress .

- Internal force :
force applied to me
part of the
the other parts of
object from
the object .

-
Internal force at different location of the object

generally are
different .
Inhomogeneous .

-
stress : used to describe internal force acting
on a particle/material point ( local)
-

in the
object .

stress at distant material point generally

-

are

different .
e. e. depends on location .
 ÷÷
0

- - - - -

i i. a
!
,

it
'

right neighbor
•
* .

,
, ,
l -
l
- - -

:
•

J= normal stress

→
✗ pry " I =
¥ shear stress .

"
¥
g. ,
*
¥7K .

its
=

e. II ☒⑤
11
TY / direction
d
Zyx =
Ty
Zxy=Ey× surface

.
In 2D .
we have three independent stress
component .

Tx .
Ty .
E-
y .

[ Zyx Ty ] ]
D-
Ey
[ ay
☐
2D case I =
=

EY TY
.

2×2
2×2

stress tensor auteur fine turn

.

left right top

. . .

bottom neighbors .
?⃝
 cinchona cube the
3D case .
we
surrounding
material point .

FA see PPT slides for

details .

as

ditz F- =D
4-
Tt ,

→
Ty=Ty
'

← y
✗ '

g=T&

I✗y=Zy×=Zx'y1=Zy'× ,

3D Ccd : Tx Ty Tt . .
.

Try Tyr Txt

I=[
eiutealfonefwm
]
F- ↳ Txt
Ty Tyr
SYM 3×3
left ,
right -

g.
top ,
bottom .

fruit back
neighbors .
 Huestis : • How many neighbors at this point ?

✗
.

✗
• There are infinite # of neighbors .

•
• . •
Infinite # of →
utefcces/stresses
✗ '

at this material point .

Appears to be a
very complex issue .

luckily ,
it has been
proven that we only need

to know Tx Ty it E-
y Ey + Text the
,

stress ( internal force) from other neighbors

or in the other directions can be calculated

by using some
simple math formula based

on the six independent components .

call transformation
" "

. We it stress

we will study it later .