Surface Tension

DEFINITION
It is the property of liquid due to which it minimises its surface area and behaves as stretched membrane.

Intermolecular forces
1. Cohesive forces – Force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.
2. Adhesive forces – Force of attraction between molecules of different substances.
Example –Writing on paper with ink, water= waves
wets glass, working of Fevicol
↑
sticks to
surface clean
of

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 CAUSE OF SURFACE TENSION
~

↳i fi
Ab
* b is
is I
E

so

*
-
#

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 SURFACE TENSION AND ITS DEPENDENCY

F= 7X
-

"
>
o
-

o o
o

I 1: Contact
length
< F

I -

................. forS ed
9
a

Ea
->
line
Total
face on either side of imaginary
tangential to lie surface and
perpendicularto F N/m
T= line -

line I
Length of 'imaginary

Dependency of surface tension

Temperature Temp ↑
Sufacetension Cast - At Critical temp so
~

->

Impurities -> Soluble

Sparingly
(Nact)
soluble
·detergent, phenol)
34

Sk Sohe
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 ILLUSTRATION
A container of radius R is filled to height H a shown.
1. what will be forced· due to surface tension on the left half surface due to right half.
=>

2. what will be net force on left half due to right half ( Surface tension of liquid is T S
·

f
->
->

~> *
F = TX2R

2R
-
->

->

↑
-

↳
->

-> -

I
->

--------------

R It
&

IgH)MxER)- TXCR

HET
x

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 ILLUSTRATION
A thin disk of radius R, just touching the liquid surface is joined to an arm of a
balance. The plate is balanced by some weight on the other side. How much extra
mass is needed on the other side, so that disk can just come out of water surface?

surface
R
length of liquid in contact
* ->
with disc =&4R
M

Face due to
surface tension

S TXRTIR
=

↳
abd bd
de

ang=TXCTR

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 CONTINUE...

S
- h
ix (2DRI+27IRz)
R
= Rz S
~ -
a
Q

& T

1x21
L
F-mg +

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 ILLUSTRATION
Consider a water drop of radius R. Find surface tension Consider a bubble of soap solution of radius R. Find the
force between left half surface and right half surface. surface tension force between left half surface and right
half surface.

C
-
->

->
->
&R TITR
-> ->

->

&
->
=>
->

->
->

T
->
~>
->

->
-

-
T X2DR ⑨ ->
->
-> ->

TX2TP

drop 4PR
->

T -
->

- ->
=> ->
~
->

-
Bubble

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 ILLUSTRATION
Between a frame and a light slider, a film of soap solution There is a horizontal film of soap solution. On it a thread is
is made, whose length is x and width is y. Find surface placed in the form of a loop. The film is punctured inside
tension force on slider. the loop and thread becomes circular of radius R. If
Soap film Txxe surface tension constant isO S then, tension in the thread
7

1
↑ <
⑧

will be – *
2
<
Soap
<
Sx1eRdo)
*
solution
< *

⑧
C

2 &|
O
*
Tcosdo --> Tcosdo &

I
*

↑
y Tat - "im
Tx
Sinde
ssing
do
4
↑D

<
r
2TSinda=ESRdo
do
* ->

=2xSxRdo
G
is
d

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 SURFACE ENERGY
I
& 3
Work surface farce.
soap film
v tension
done
by
= -

TX2R
Face due to surface tension F=TX&1
↑ ↑
↑

·
R

Work surface tension Exal

done
by
↳
-

change in surface xgK

energy -
-

surface film.
see -
change in area
of

Change in surface
energy - TAA
surface
=
Change in area

Surface
energy
=
TxA Area of 1iqsenfae
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 ILLUSTRATION
1000 small drops of radius r are combined to form a large Soap bubble of radius R has surface tension S. How much
drop. Calculate change in surface energy. Also determine work should be done against surface tension to double
if energy is released or had to be given. the radius of bubble
Ed" 1
z

Vi 3x4422 x 1000

TR3=
* 1000 x
8 r3
= los

Ug = sx4x (1028

vi>Uf energy is releared

W
* =
- 900xSX4Dr2

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