TURNING EFFECT

OF FORCES
Moment
of force Torque is F

It is
product of force and
the
g-
R E

perpendicular distance from pivot

T
the
pivot to the line of Fxtd so T Fxx
= -
-

action
of force .

F
>

T =
f- ✗ 1- d Chi

d ↳
perpendicular
^
of :-. ?

1¥
. . .

0
Torque
T line
of
SI Unit Nm Vector
:

Quantity Action
Gino =P "

f- Sino "
I y = f- ✗ ksinO
• 1
>
Id < i. 1d=xsinO
"
I
<
F of
K
10 >
,

Fcoso → ( pulls the rod )

v1 I = Fsinoxxe Frost does not produce any

turning effect pass-through
as it

pivot .
NO PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE !
 Fsino

i÷÷
^
T = Fx KsinO F T
f
7

(h)

•
✗
-1--0 ' •
"
:*
"
.
Fcoso
- -
-

g , py,
Sino =P T =
f- ✗ to
✓

. Ry = Fsinox a

sin 0=1-1
ex R×=FwsO
1- d--
rhino Ry : Isin O
 " • "
EXAMPLE # I t
1008in 60° EXAMPLE # 2 150N

100N 5000530° 300

Rx 100m60 60°C
-

• > < >

pivot
* a

0.8m 50 30°
a >
Ri'
,•• 0.4m
sin

v Ry
v

e 1m >
.

Calculate the pivot Ry

'
moment "

resultant
"

produced by Calculate the moment

produced by
force
100N .

50N
force .

I -

-
f- ✗ Id
T -1008in 60×0.8
-

Tresultant = 150 cos 30×1 ) -

1505in 30×0.2 )
1--69.3 Nm Tresultant = 38.3 Nm

As the sod
only rotates, but Rx =
508in 30 Ry -500030°
-

not translates ,
the Efx & Rx = 25N Ry = 43.3N

Efy must be zero .

{ Fx = 0 EFy=O
R✗= 10000560 Ry 1008in 60°
=

Rx = 50N Ry 86.6N
-
 (5×2)+110×21 -115×3 I
< >
p

10-120-45
-15 Nm

<
 Principle of Moments

For to
→ an
object be in
equilibrium E. Tciockvuise = E. Tant
the moments must
→ sum
of clockwise
be
equal to the sum
of anticlockwise c- d. , → c-
•
da
,→
moments .

v t.ir
F, F,

Single Pivot Fi ✗ d ,
=
Fzxdz
c
* Foos 30°
" >

i' 30° F

•←É0o5m •
Ry 2050530°
A "
205.3N
pivot
.

go
•
400N Rx
< ⇐ • >

is 205min30
system in
equilibrium find ,

the F 400N
value
of
{ To = { Tac { Fx=0 { Fy -0
400×0.4 = Fws 30×0.9 R×= 2058in 30° Ry +205005300=400
F = 205.3N Rx = 102.5N Ry = 222N

ROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM TRANSLATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM

Double Pivot ^ Ay ✗ By

let ✗ = 2m

" " A B

uniform V

W F
v

Consider the two ends

ofand
→
one
2m as a
pivot other as

-
a
force .

which taken
→ the point is as

eliminated
a
pivot has its force
If the
plank is in Equilibrium ,
find from the moment
equation as

the values Fa & FB perpendicular distance becomes

of .

zero .

EFy=O Taking pivot A as →

Uniform density is
: same so

Fa + FB =
880-1200 (880×21+1200×2.5)=153×5 weight ICOG ) acts in the middle
FA FB FB 452N
+ = 1080
FA
=

of body .

+ FB = 1080

FA + 452=1080 5.0 Fa = 628N

 [ 1

1 )
Ladder
f- →
uniform body
Taking Moment about A

Bx

µ
←

HI / =/ Bxxy )
7-

wall
Taking Moment about B

Ylsmoothl
•

"

Ay lwxn 1+1 Ax ✗ ) =
lay ✗ K )
W
-2
y
Ax
>

A
Taking Moment about C

floor trough ( Ayin )

lW✗
;) ( Bx g)
+ ✗ =

Ax :
friction force
{ f-✗ = 0 Ax = Bn

{ Fy -0 -

Ay = W
 "

µ
"

"

' taking moment about *

lwxn ) 1 Bax
wall
-2
=

g) +1 By ✗ a)
though)
" Taking Moment about B

Ay
W
A
; "
IWXK It lax ✗
g) =/ Ay ✗ N )
A C
-2

floor Taking Moment about C

trough)
( Wxx / +
( Bx ✗
g) =/ Ayxx )
-2

{ Fx :O Ax = Bx

{ Fy = 0 Ay +
By =W
 B ^ By

÷i"
⇐

Elsworth
✓
""

) wall

a
A
, ^^ Kouga ,
Ay Ayn
> . '

An v W

poor
floor trough ) ( rough )

If the
system is in
•

rotational equilibrium ,
all
the
forces acting on the

body must pass through

a common
point .
 ^
Ry -
R
t Ry Ry "
AR
7
rest
skidding
-

= rolling
✓

<

= >

Rx Rx
Ry : Normal contact Rx :

friction force Friction acts in the

R resultant contact direction
force forward as
:

it is in direction
force
opposite to motion .

Friction
force is
component of
,'
contact
force
 ~

Flagpole ( Cantilever Beam )

1 Uniform Flagpole ) •

Taking moment about the

pivot
cord lwix
;) + ( Wix ) ( Tsinoxn )
=

wall
^
+ T •
EF✗=0 •
{ Fy = 0
"

Ry 1-Sino R×=TwsO Ryttsino =

Witwz
Rx TWSO 0
>
€ ,

pivot

VWI vwz Tension , Weight and

contact
force from
the rod intersect
system is in
equilibrium pivot on

Ry^ R >
+
T at a common
point .

{ f- = 0 ET -0
-

Ex
vw
Torque of

it
a
couple >

forces of equal magnitude

two
1- d
direction
but
opposite
< - - - - - - - - - -
* - -

It is the
product of the
of e
- -

•
one

two the T=F

forces and perpendicular ✗ 1- d

distance between Them .

 →
125in 30×41+(3×2)=7×5
f- = 2N
S
Isin 30°

>

Zoos 300 ✗