CURRENT ELECTRICITY

TEMPERATURE OFRESISTANCE
DEPENDENCE
larg 4,
=

Unit ->CIs or A Rt Ro(1 +at)

=

a Tempcoeffiento f resistance
-

linst=
I a R2 R1
-
=

R2 R11 a(tz t1)

= +
-

R, (tz-ti)

9 Area of I-t
graph
of
graph I
=

slope g-t
=

Iin one revolution < ⑧ a U (const. speed)

KIRCHHOFF'S CURRENT LAN

iis
⑧
·

I 9x i, i2 13 is
r
r a = + ·
=

W
⑧ 7

I I v, -V2
Potential V2
· =

Potential Vi =

R
-

Current Density R
I
M < I V4 -V3
pot= Vs
o
=

Pot=Ve
"
>A
5 R
=
>I

Area A
=
KIRCHHOFF'S VOLTAGE
LAN

JI =

*I E.-5 uniform =

I in
ACOSO TES [ E)
+
( IR]
-

(5.d
I
15 variable, I =
in <
R

<( E) +

(E) (IR)
+

Drift velocity,
RI
1(mag)
I
E
Ya
eEI
>M Vi
Y, RzR'
=
=

l I
=
YtRn
+
.....

Mobility (M);M E = =

mY Vs
Il'v ve-te Re

I nAde
=

I W I, IR2
=

Ri+R2
Total electrons nAL =
I
Iz
I4z
=

M
In

OHM's Law

IR
V IML=
=

nAe2[ Not connected to ext circuit

B
188
R IL
R ML Black 0
Resistance;
=
no current

=u
= ⑧

nAe2 I A Brown I 10
A
Terminal pot diff E
=

Resistivity;I M =

ne?[
Rad

Orange
2

3
102

13 current down from all

yellow 4 104
↳ I
Conductivity (5); a

ne
=

Green 5 105 all Terminal pot diff=E- In

Bu 6 186 nu
J2E =

Violet 7 10
Charging all
of
Grey 8 108
Slope of X-I Graph=Resistance
I am Terminal
White 9 189
Pot.diff=E+ Ir
stretching 5%
"

Gold 10

silver 182 10 % 1. Mr. E

R 3dL2
=

:RaL No colour 20%

M
CELLS CONNECTED IN SERIES POWER

I II's A I2Rt
H vItH
2t
-> =

1
=

m
=

Veg
Eeq

Eeq E,tEzt...+En
= I,
req r, r2+...+Un P F2R vI
Y
= + = =
=

allconnected P, V
all correctly, Pout P
IR
=

I
I

item
=

apto asa
I RE =
Eng DE=

R+ n House
or
reg-
Pin I2R P=
+

malls connected wrongly,

Powerloss I2R
BCR
=
=

I (n 2m) E powerloss
i
= -

R nt+

Pout x100%
1 =

One ofthe correctly connected all, 7 -

Efficiency, Pin
pot, diff=E- In
1 m lilms,me
wrongly connected R
Ve
correctly =

connected all
all s

Wrongly connected call

Pot diff= EtIV I Resitance of bulb [Votage Rating)2

=

Power
rating
series, low
same voltage rating power rating brighter.
->

PARALLEL CONNECTION OFCELLS

n
differentpower
rating more power rating -
brighter.
"'E, parallel

I Ez leg ea
(: E) INFINITELADDER
rea it te
+

Eeg
-

I, tz +
ofit is an in in A
·

1 2 228 222
0
3Reg= x 2R
=

*mows
·

I Eeq=E
=m
=

ofit is in in ·
A

Reg x
reg- 0
=

9
5 828 x R(1 53)
=
+

·
isit at t ·B

twin itwitha
upto n cells

I
Enr
=

up to a cells

as up to a cells WHEATSTONE'S BRIDGE

"mrows Ri
B
42 ;1
I
= 0
= mi

R G

e 4

MAXIMUM POWER TRASFERTHEOREM

me=Ima Item METER BRIDGE

Ra
R,

P max when Rr =

R Pu-
tore
=

INTERNAL RESISTANCE
=M
v
(E 1)R
=
-

u
POTENTIOMETER

Potential gradient (K) potential

=

per unit length the

of wire

k
E
=

-
①to compare emt two cells
of

GE GE
Er* se s
day.Fall ri
Ez 2
art

E,

② To measure Internal Resistance Cell

of

E E
r
(2-1)R
=

aNullayEminiat E k&
=

ME

along the
edge, along body diagonal Along face diagonal,
Renee
·

5
or
Rea=
· ·