I

Centripetal force is not a physical force, basically it is the net force

Circular motion acting towards centre of circular path. Radius of curvature (r)

·
mv mus
mac=v =
Fc

-· --
=
v Tztmg
1
=

Square of speed.
=
V + at Wo + dt
-
5

·↓T2+mgT-mg
= w J -
-

= -
-
:

!
·
l
Component of acceleration to
&
↑
l
th
S
19t Wot +
↑

↑H
0
=
VA + =
I Y
mr velocity.
&
=
V
--- Ex v
! Ex
--> ·
I

Ymg -

v== vi w Wo ↓ l M I

vi- =

S
6
+ 2 C 0 ↓

T
+ 2 a =
. -

S > Vo
;
.

VI Tz m Vz
-
->
↓
-
M

d
mg
=
Vo P
g Coso
use
VoCOSU
-

Outh +t (2n -1
.

Suth I
=u + q(2n Wo -l
-
>
1) mg
↑ ↓g
mv

=
=
mg
-

H - =

ocoee
v 0
, Up
Uniform circular motion + Mv2 ix =
as
=>

N mg

Fg
=
↑
J
CQ
Constant quantities:-Speed, Kinetic energy, angular velocity.
.

#
Variable quantities:- Velocity, linear momentum ( direction is changing)
M Ac = V
!o T-mgcosa
↳
=

Non uniform circular motion :

T
.

-
# I
- 7
# If equation of trajectory is given :-

-[
·
↑
[H(
f'(x) = dy/dx
Speed is changing - there is tangential
-

at F()
v
Ft=mgfnd=m E =
L
.
v =

acceleration, which is equal to rate of change of speed. ↓hI-

O ,
mg . coso =
day/dx

r
~

↓↓ ant=d
myso Centrifugal force is just a pseudo force in circular motion, an observer
moving with the particles in circular motion has to apply this.
m at
E- tangential force
.

·
&
-
mu'r

Smit=Haw is
92 at N =
k

------
Th if Block does
↑
↑ mm
m 31 mus fall down
R
!
T1 MW2 (31) -Y N not
W D
=

Y
Speed-4 - o --
jac
f
at
-
- -
speed-d W
=
I
=

T2 Fr =
mg
It - Th
#
verb ->

, s ! aceway T2 T1 -
= 2M .

W2(2) Im
umwi=mg

B
->
T2 = MW2)
&t
t =
x = , I A car is taking circular turn with
If child does not feel,
# Vil For Observer at point o,
-T2 i
Tz-Tz = Mw(l) speed v on a path of radius r, then
a pendulum in car makes angle & weightlessness at top
... V angular motion is because of m omwhl

Tohe
P
Wo= With vertical a
v
Th =

-
+
tra
V , otherwise because of v11
Wo T CO12
mg
N = 0

-
JK
.
=
particles appears to move in
straight line.
EX
+x35
Uniform rod of mass m and length L is rotated in i T Sinc = Mazy
imwar
L
horizontal circle, then tension at distance x from centre !
is given as I mq= mus
tanc War
If
=

dry
wwrdr
a

E dT=dowir drwIV mg g
F
↓T w

wor
=
d : =

---- I Hap &

· z ~ The hemisphere is rotated with constant angular

3] ---
--------

-u
di

wavdr=
speed, there is a particle rotating with hemisphere,
O then in equilibrium
CosO T =

-Encore
&

S
-

man
--

·
-
-",S
S "
2

E
If speed of particle is changing that means kinetic energy is also changing, musi -
I
--
is
S

b Eng "SnaEmn
&

the work is done by tangential force only,work done by centripetal force is

I
I

Sind
tow =
I

i roco zero.

-
I

Vo

-" Wo=
Vous
= N =

O
2O - mwhp =
mg
 Vertical circular motion If particle is projected inside a vertical circular track then conditions of
speed remains unaltered, now reaction force from track is analogous
to tension in string.
Particle oscillates
in lower half.

The above values are
corresponding to minimum speed
required to complete the vertical
circle.
If instead of string, a massless rod is used to rotate the particle, the
minimum speed at lower most point is The rod can’t slack
therefore minimum speed at top most point is zero.
Similar conditions are when a particle is rotated in vertical circular
frame.

If we talk about the complete circle, then tension is always minimum

Maximum safe speed on horizontal turning of radius r is
Maximum safe speed on banked road without any friction
Safe speed range for banking with friction
at top most point while maximum at lower most point.
Particle will not enter in upper half of vertical circle and it will oscillate
in lower half, in lower half string always remains tight because of
component of weight.

In this condition, particle will enters into upper half of vertical circle,
at some point tension in string becomes zero but speed remains
nonzero, so particle will not follow the circular path and go on
projectile

Solving above two equations we will get the

angle at which tension in string becomes zero
and particles loses the circular path.

Net acceleration is If a car is moving on horizontal circular track and also speeding up,
somewhere between in this case friction provides both tangential and centripetal force.
at and ac

If particle is projected with

minimum speed and string
breaks at top most point, the
particle flies tangentially