📝

CORREL 2 H
G
E

3T2223

Shyron Nicholai B. Jamlig

 D
PROPERTIES PRESSURE CAUSED BY FLUID

I es]

We
S =

M mass
1
Density
=

volume

P= F = W =5 V .
=
0 (A h)
.
.

2) specific tigt-Wome ("my 3) E A A A

P sh Pc Uh+ P
=

=
,

3) Specific Gravity
=

Ufluid =
Pfluid
S 9
SWATER
.

Pwater
PROBLEM 3 :
I
4)
Specific volume =

I 624
UWATER
/
=
9 81 .

3
f
68 7 kPa
+

-
P, = .

1 94 sings
D 1000
= .

water 77 5 kPa
f+
↳ Pi
-
. . . . . . . .
Pc = .

8m
PROBLEM 1 :
e

- im
,

SO2 :

0 77
59 = .
p , + ((5m) =
Pc

sq - sq Prune 68 7 + 5(5) :
77 5 .

e
=
.

PWATER U =
1 76
.
kN/m3

0 77 . :
CFLUID 0 77. =
PFWID
62 4 . 1 94
.
PROBLEM 4

Up = 48 .

0483 Prin = 1 .
4938
B
/
DIFF IN PRESSURE A & B
·

i · ·

PB
PROBLEM I : FA
1 . 5m

PA -0 .
82 (9 81) .
·
15
. =

PB
e

p
------
I g
801

PA-PB 12 06 kPa
- -

·
=

2
S01 Y 0 00123m2/s
:

1350cm2x Im
.

AA
=

v 000
100cm
P FB 800 N
= =
=

, 23 2
AB =
8000 cm x I FA = ?

P =
813 008 .

Is Sg =
0 82.
100 PA-PB =
12 06 kPa
.

m g AA 135m2
F FB
N
W p g 0
.

2
=
=
=
.
= . -

= 12 06
.

V mi
AB =
0 08m2
.

W =

mg U=

P .

g PA-PB = ? FA 0 8 kN .

=12 .

06
k9/m3) (9 81m/s)
-

0 135m
-
0 08m- .

W =
(813 .
008 x .

FA 2 97kN
N/m3
.
=

8 : 7975 608 .
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON PLANE SURFACE
FORCES ON CURVES SURFACE
E A I

I
..
I Fy
distance a
fr
I

intrig
⑥
k

cy
-

--- xx

Y
-

Fir :
WHA

i
I >
be bee Fy
= I

e-distancebetween aaSee ↑
Ex-horizontal component
-vertina said,rate the
hydrostatic force on
-

V
PROBLEM vertical projection
/ 5 :

j h =

-
I /

Fy-weight the fluid above

↓
of
ke

9
d
89
.
S

the curved surface

2 e
L

I
⑧ -
. . .

hope e. ene Fi =

Fx +

Fy"
e =
0 .
125d

hcp = & +
0 .
125d tan8=
Es
hcp =
0 625d

!
.

ROBLEM 3 : Fy

me
e nan

%
---------------- P ,
=

68 7kPa
.

⑭
----------
m 8m
P2 :

Ufinid= ?
77 5 kPa
.
PROBLEM 6

·
-

-------
④
If

.........
P, + U (5r) =
Pc Uproj .
=

A proj . x Im
om
68 7 .
+

5(5) =
77 5 .

Aproj= Asector- Atria

8 76k/m3
trad-t resino
1
=I
= .

PROBLEM 7 :
=
r(trad-sino)
F PA =

FH= WHA
-
=

!(6) - (- sinso]
Aproj 3 261m"
(9 81") (14-4 5)(a))
=
.

= .
.

Air= 50 kPa
FH 5928 81 kN

-...
.
=

Fx =
8 ha
FAIR =

Paip' A

=(9 81)(3m) (cmx/m)

(50)( (9)7
= .

Fair =
3180 86 kN
. Ex = 176 58 /N
·

Fy =

↓finid o
Upoj
<Msupp O
=
=
9 81.
X 3 261 .

FH (45-e-y) Fair (11 5-y) 0

-
=
.

Fy= 31 99 kN

1 a
.

e =
- - 0 534m .

ur FR =

Fx
- ->
FR 179 454kN
+
Fy
: .

5928 81(4 .
.
5 -
0 .
5333 -

y) -

3180 86(4 .
5
. -

y) =
0

3 35m
y
= .
 SITUATION 1

,5m

-Pre
it
m
Im
t
W.

I
al Wi

URy- friction force 22m

/
⑳ ·
↳
F
in
x i
-
↓ ⑧ L

B
·
⑧
toe

1
-

Swhi
⑧

1. Consider 1m length 1) Im-width

2. Identify Vertical Forces 2) V Forces

- Self-Weight W , (2 4
=

.
(w) (5m x 25 m x (m)

- Uplift W , =
3008 w

- Weight of fluid We = (2 . 40 (u)( (B -5)(22)(1)]

We =
26 .
45w(B 5) -

3. Identify Horizontal Forces

U =
B(Uw ·
(2) ((m)
-Hydrostatic Force U =

115wB
4. Moment of Forces about its toe 3) H-Forces

-RM (Righting Moment) FH

=
UT A

-OM (Overturning Moment) :

Jw :
(12 1 m) :

5. Factor of Safety FH =

2420 w

FSS =
MRY FSo :
RM 4) Moment about Its tre
RX OM
RM =
W , (B-2 5) .
+ Wi( = (B 5)) -

6. Location at the Vertical Resultant Force =300 (w(B-2 5) . +

26 .
48w(B -5) ·
(5(B 5))
-

RM =

3000w(B -2 5) .
+ 17 -

60w(B-5)2
RM-OM=

7. Foundation Pressure OM =

FH( =) v( 5B) +

=242Uw() 118wB(B) +

Ry
,

↳
*
x

to e
·2 I
OM= 1774 6675w .
+
7 .

3338wB"

RyX
⑧ 1
1
..

!
1
A I
RM-CM =

B
. 9max amin
N M

1
19 max
Ry 300
Ry
=
=

SFy
(w+24
=

W , +Wr-U

45w(B-5) -

11UwB
Y < =

Jw[300 +
26 4 B . -
BC - 11B]
1 R

B( Ge
x
q =
1
=
Ry =

Uw[168 + 15 .
45]
=

3852 099kN .

Cmax
2Ry [300/w(B -2 .
5) +

17 .

68/(B -5)") -[174 6474w+ 7 34U/wBY . .

3x
e
=

B - x
=[Uw[168 +
15 .

4BY(B/3)] : B =

14 589m .

2Ry 2(3852 899) .

Amin 0 -

&max
=

(14
589)
=

3x 3
.

9 max
=

528 083 .
kPa
 Horizontal Motion
PROBLEM 12 (CASE 1)
N

X REF
~ a
12) Wank =
4380N F =

30300N

...
TIT ACCELERATED

N
s As messen

mass of tank
·.
-
mass of water I "A
/ .......
m F ma

Im
=
* -C -

I
/
em
..
- ---
-
Im

D'Alenbert's Principle
F =
ma

~ Morac Ntank t Mwaier

* <
m =

4446 ,

483kg
W *
Mank >W=
my
REF < Ma
4380N "(9 81 M/s)
.

Mank

tanO= F Mank 446 483kg,

=
: .

Mwaten =

Pwatin :
Vwater

tant= 1
I
directly proportional
to acceleration =(1000) (2mx 2 m x /m)

Mwatr =

4000 kg
FIG 1 .
OPENVESSEL air me F = Ma
of
volume
C7 C2 23
-

(4446
-

w/liquid spilled
30300N =
.

483kg)(a)
a = 6 814m/s2
.

n
wo
spilling any liquid

Y
C4 CE
, I ⑧

⑳
tant 1 :
I
&
bottom and
edge no liquid
portion of bottom
part who liquid
Im I

y G8((m)
=

VsPILLED =
Vaf-Vai

Vat (volume of air in motion)

y
=
0 694m
.

vai (volume of air at rest)

IQUID SUREACE

An m =
volume -
-

Yos
VspiLEp Vai-Vwf
=

Voi (volume of water at rest)

2m
2m
Fix 95x2mx a e

Vuf (volume of water in motion) 28 18kN

Fit = .

FROUTEND OF THE Tank

-

# I

Y same Formula

2m
 PROBLEM 13 (COFFEEMUC) (CaSE1)
2) CASE 3 (a 3m1SY) =

-- ar

-
-

y = 5cm

I -I
&

L/<vomm
-

/
i 15m ·

so
72m -

..... of

1=
-

A tano =
3m ar
l I
Gem

am/s2
V spilled --
Vat-Vai
Ema
a =

Vat= =(3 m)(y)(1 8) . >

rat= = (3m)(0 917m) (1 8)
.
-

P 990kg/m3
=

Vai =
3 x0 3 x1 8 . . =
1 62.
=
2 476m3
.

y =
2 75229cm
.

8 =

p .

g
tant= VSPILLED
1 I
476-0 917
R Uh 2
: . .

=
990x9 81my] .

·
975229x Uspilled =
0 .
856m3

P =
946 .

91 ,
pressure & point A
=
0 917m
PROBLEM 2) y
.

14 (CASE
=

An open tank 3m long ,

1 8m wide
.

,
and 15 .

high
3) CASE5
contains water 1 2m .

deep His moving parallel to

.
its

longest side .

Determine : a =
5 .

4m/s"
1 8m

-
.

1) max acceleration wo spilling any liquid .

2) volume of water spilled if a = 3m/s2

"""retained if
2
3) a =
5 .
4m/s
*
-
/
-> W X
/
18M
- /

↑0 3m .
vr =
(X)(1 5)(1 8) .
. +
=12 725)(1 5)(r 8)
.
-
.

* )8 -

3 .
679m3

3m
in tant
8
=

15 =

0 3
=
tanO
5
= .

0 3
-

1 5
.

10 a =
1 962m 152
.
X = 2 725 .

2)
O
10 3 .

· Lin
tant=
1 5
.

: 1
3 I
9 3m/s
;
-519 81) .

4 905 MIsY,
=

.
 CLOSE VESSEL
LIQUID USE CASE 1, (GIVEN [4 415) .

BURST OUT
. No spilled liquid
⑧
CLOSE VESSEL FILLED WITH UQUID
,

Upper
⑧

i ↑ In MOTION

k =
? - X =
5 473
-

edganic I
⑧
1
rend
&

rearend - -

-
-

38
-

18 1 327
y
=
.

C1
-

C2 C3 Vat =
Vai -

↳m

A closed 6m Im wide and 18m contains water

long ,

Vai= Vaf
1 .

2m deep If , it is accelerated 24m/s

along its length
Determine the top and bottom of tank
.........
pressure force at the .

&
to compute value of K

.....
ratio & proportin
SOL
to know case

- = G 2 4m/s=
.
solve required 6 x -

acceleration
compute

:x -
us 0 141- force at
= .

↓
i
6
0 .
6mI ND

1 2m
.
= -
2m2 = (x)(y)(z)
7 2
xy
=
- - .

Gm
re restman or
SOLVE

a
= 2 .
=

x()
X =
5 423m
.
/

y 1 327

...
= .

X
-
I I

18m tangent function

tant=
I
-
2N
om
=

Vai= Vat

=
2 4 .

Vai 2m5
=

= 6x0 6 X2 .
=

7 -

9 .
81

= (x)
=
Var (18) (2) 1 8x
=
= .

y X

7 2 .
=
1 8x.

tangent
X =
4m function
I

Ftop=Wfivid= &fluid VAmid

- >

tant= 18 1
(9 814x -(6 2]
=

5 .

423)(0 141) x

49
-
= . .

Ftop =
0 798.
-> pressure force
+OD
at

415m/
954
.

wifluid 2m
Gm
 INCLINED MOTION (DIRECT SUBSATUTIONS
Fbottom Wrquid= (981 x 6x 2 x 1 .

2]
-
=

Fbottom = 141 264 KN .

->
Grisette x"
12
~
angreof inclinate
horizontal
nonzon a

·
FH= WhA I -
=

9 .
81 (0 -
141 0
+
.

9) x (2x 8) 1 .

tant :
acos N

asinx-vertical component
gl
2m
FH =

↓
upward it)
downward(-)
-RTICAL MOTION
vessel urlliquid
0
⑨
=
&
REF= ma Situation
~
h

bottom of tank thro at

pressure
if accelerated vertically (180mme) B
--

2) D'Alinberg's Principle / *
⑳

open
Wh(1
mal"
P

!,
=
=

lif vessel accelerated Sy 1 26 -

i
= -

I 08 M
upward -

Iy
,
u
downward ,

1st module
-
inet
450mm
--I t HG .....

-
SITUATION J
->

↑
Acubical box Im its is full of oil havig 19 0 75
edge
.
:

of

accelerate the lank 4 2 m/s29 ①

What will
-

force

59 : 0 75 . PROBLEM 9
(750kg) (4 2 m/s) 3150N
=

F
.

ma
= -
·
,
Im
total mass

PA-PB = ?
Mok +MBLOCK
-

Im m =
of system

MoirPoiz x Voic STARi & point A

=[0 75x1000]x (1m]

.

1 240w(y) (0 84) 1 265w(x) Dis

*
PA + .
=
13 .

48w .
-
-
=

Mox 750kg 68w(0 84) +1268w(x)

PA Pi 1 265w(y) 13
: -

= -
+ - .

,
.

a 5m1s - x 0 84
y
=

=
0 36
. =
+ . -

P un(1 6) -0 48 X-
y
+ =
= .

=(0 75 .
x 9 .

81 x 1m] (1+8) PA -
PB
=

1 -
260w( -

y
+
x) +
13 .

6)w(0 84) .

P =
11 108 RPa
.

=1 .
26(9 81)(-0 . .

48) +
13 6(9 81) (0
- .

84)
.

F = Px A PA - Pr =
106 136 kPa .

=11 108(1)
im
=11 1 kN .
Im

~0
"
= 42 -
m/s2
VB = ?
ENERGYEQUATION

↳o , Ex EB
Im
- Va + PA Vi Pis
im +

2A = +

+ ZB
29 j 29 J
tant
1
:
:

5m
PA-PB VB-VA
-

0 36
=
+ -

B 2 29
Y
=

8 5 .

D =
0 214m
.
 COUTIMIY OFIOW (SINCULAR PATH)

QA =

QB
AAVA= AB VB
AB
VA =

VB
AA

VA
#11803"
Vis
=

#col
~

VA =
0 1b VB
.

106 136 .

UNIT WAIGH OF FUrID

FIOWINO GLYCERINE

Vm"- (0 16V3)" 10.

3
-

= e

2(9 81)
.

Vis = 12 87
.
M/s-

Q = A V .

=(018m)" (12 87m(s) .

q =

0 .

328 ms

Fbottom =

Wrquid= (981 x 6x 2 x 1 .

2]
Fbottom = 141 264 KN
.
-
Grisette

~
14 S
FH= WhA
81 (0 9) x (2x 1 8)
.

0
9 141 0
.
+
⑧ =
.
-
.

1.
8

2m
FH =
 OPEN CHANNEL
A =
3m x /m
waterway , canal in which liquid flows
Pwetted =
5m
with the free surface .

R A =
-3m =0 6M .

-------
Pwetted 5m
Q AX
(0 16) * St
=

d ->
Q 7 M3/s =
3m" ! .

Dis I C Bonning's
0 1
I

v =
1 ------

n 3 =
0 00155 .

Buiten ( ""Y
R =
6
percentage reduction

n =
0 016
. Qi
=
7 m3/s
-
% difference : x100

HL (s0p g 4 the)
o =

S =

Qu= AV
:
(3mY(01(0 6)5(0 00155)"Y . .

UNIFORM FLOW ↳S NON-UNIFORM FLOW QN

=

5 . 25/m3/5
-7 =-24 981 %
dc di =dz % difference
=

di x 100%
.
=

V ,
=
Va E V
=

+d Vi FV2 bu

47 I 1
29
:

.
x b

10 ,
! 45 ↳M

MOST EFFECTIVE SECTION 6m

Q 50m" /s
=

A =

=(b ,
+

br)(d)

↑
n
=

0 .
014
-
b2 =
6 +

2x = G +
2(4) =

14m
0 938s
.

HL
S
-c
=

I
4m
.
A =

= 16 +14)(47
A 40m2
s(m)
=

tan45
mmm-
/
2x
/ [
I
dir y1 +
Y2 PWETTED =
2 C+6
=

2 (4) +
6
I /
, -
S =17 314m.

I -
most effecient Y2
X
68 sox traperoidal section y Em ,
YOm
partEn
C
C
/ I
~
R = =

I X
C =
4
:
+
4 =
42 17 314m
.

= 2 31m .

SITUATION 8 Q =

AV
440mY =
50 Mys =

04 (2 31) .
(5)
.

n 0 012
=

0001 M/m 1000 m M/km

.

Im S =
0 . x =

0 1 .

Q 7 m3/s
=

3m

a) determine the design slope

of the channel ?

Q AV :

= si]
Q A
=

[
SITUATION 9
sin6o
&x
car
:

Q =
4 m /s d
S =
0 .
001 x= =
1155d
nco
n
=

0 016·

A =

= ! 1 555d)(d) -

- =

1 733d
.

d= ?

a = A[nR5jt]
B 2D =
2 =
(1733dY (0 %(2)-(0 001)t]
.
.

2d
"

A :
2d d .
=

d = 0 .

9719m S

PWETTED= 4&
R A ad 1
Ear
=
&
=
=

Pwetted 4d 2
W +rY2
=
=

:
It
A T
R5 St]
:

Q :
A
[ (CHEL ManiNo's)

P= Hr
=
4 =
(2dY) 0 . 010(4) (0 001) ) .

Alternate Stages of Flow

d =
1 1945m
:

1) Upper stage
(2(orx() (0 001 dYd) d"
i
=
k 4 subcritical flow
=
=
=
.
-

and
malalim flow
mabagal
(k)/8
sa upperstage

d =
-

tranquil deep flow ,

Fr<
49) al Lower stage
&
=
2m"/s a
supercritical flow
-

2x
jaw
- rapid flow g
- e n
shallow
-

d FN>1
X

160
% Fr =

am
A =
(x +

2x)(d) Fi-froude number

dm-mean average depth
A =

2 xd expres
dm =
A
B

PWETTED = 3X

R =

WETTE
Ed :
 SPECIAL
CRITICAL FLOW
Car

SITUATION II

Q =
A
-

9B da
dc :
(Critical depth) 553755

-depth of flow where energy is

20 m/s
Q =

n
=
0 .
818
minimum (Emin) for a
given flow .

&
9
=

A
SIT 10
+Ys- ft
A
! Bdc
=

a = 60

- B 2x =

a
,*
Aft
tanss :

d
50) What is the critical depth x =

ta455 = 0 7d.

Q A
=

B q +
Q B z(07dc) =

1 4da
I
.
=

9 Yal A
+(1 4dc)(d) 0 7dc
= .
=
= .

)
160)2 #
52 2 :
* Q = A (201 :
(0 7d "
.
:
"

9 B (9 81) .

1 4dc
dc
.

Y 8174
=
.

dc =
2 781m
.

:
A 0 7(2 .

783)
51) & 3 5 ft
= .
.
=

A 5 415 =
. m2

type flow
Of
=

Q =
AU

d<du 20 =
5 415 Vc.

supercritical -
lower

Vc = 3 ,
693 M/s
V
FN =

jt
Q AV =
gdm V =

1 -3 693 .
=

0 . 68 (a S
60 (1f + x3 5ft)(V) Sc 0 005

E
R
= .
=
=
.

V =

17 .
143f+ /5

Fr =
17 /43 .

P 2C =
=

2 (0 7dc)"+ dc .

322() P =
6 789m .

1 332 A 5 415m=
=
.
.
=
 SITUATION 12

I
# +
0 .
7=()" + du

Jozm
S 0 801
(9 81) 2(9 81)
= .

2 .
. .

n =
0 02
.

X
=

1-4m/s dr =

0 319m.

Q Ar (1 2B) (14) 1 698m"/s

do + 461+s
->
0
=
-
: .

Emin
->
.
=

4 R,
V =
= U 691m
.

Q =
AV

= 1 698 (1 733 x0 461) (VC)

:Jon(Y) 801)
. = . .

14 10 .

Vo =
2 .
125

B =

1 .

733m BOUNDARY SHEAR STRESS

A = 0 .
7x1 733 .
= URS (in" "(
"

=1 213m2 -
I =

UHS (mean depth)

A depth of flow paid

1 =
a

9 B WATER HAMMER

(d)
(1 698) .
=
-

is the result of pressure surge that propagates

9 81
through a piping system fluid in motion
.

.
When a

&
0 461m .

succe forced to stop

C = EB rigid pier
P
ALTERNATIVE DEDTH
EB
C =
non-rigid pipes
·

EX
diameter of
pipe

da
-

(1+ thickness of pipe

~traveling sound up on impact

c =

celerity of pressure wave

EB =

bulk modulus of water

E Pipe
elasticity of
=

E1 =

E2
value

+d ,
-

29
V de
Going -
-
Q,
=

Q2 i =

(intatY"
AV AcVe
(Warpres immers
=
. ,
XP =
PcV

(0 .
7 x 1733)(1 4) .
=

(d
- x1 733) . (V2) Y

8
V2
=

0. p
SITUATION 14 SITUATION 13
d =

500mm X

?
9
O d =

E =
200x10 Pa 15m

Vi =

0 9 M/S .

Gm com

VF M/S
0
x4)(Y0)
=

10 M/s
B
Vi
=

(1
q
.
=

1
=

400m
6
:

di = 1 5m .

t 15 mm =15 M/s
:

↑
EB 2 07 x 10 Pa
(d)
.

B
=

:
did
use , non-RIOID

EERd) "Y 2 x 10" 1 = (d)

C =
1 5 dr
.

o
200 x 10 9 x 15
(
dc 4 83/m
= .

C =

1240 . 578M/s Q :
AV
A : (1 .
5x 6) (10) =

90mY/s
2(4100m)
0 645s
=
.

T
=

1240 578
90m (6m 4 83(m) (v2)
.

= x .

INCREASE IN PRESSURE
V= =
3 105 m/s
.

IP =
PV =

(1000) (1240 578)(0 9m/s) .

-

Headloss
AP 1 116 , 520 2Pa or
DP 1 116 52 kPa
BERNOULI from
= · = .

I to 2
, ,

Pa
I
=

pressure E1-HL(1-2) E2
=

v +d , -Allies
VI e
=

HYDRAULIC JUMP
is of shack where the flow
a
type ,

undergoes a sudden transition from swift 102 + 1 5

.
-

H((1 -
2)
=
3105 + 4 .
83)
thin to
tranquil deep flow 2(9 811 .

2(9 81) .

.o H1 1 274
-
=

Q- ①
d
e ne
er

·.
"

La .
·

Jan

-Fallon Creepier] action

did
=
did)
rectangula e
section

FH =
+A
 fluid flow
continuously 0
and
-

MYhr
one
~from
to another 188 - 1
91 +

Q Q3 +

SERIES
=

& PARALLEL PIPES

②

S- S
- -

If h+ z
*
=
,
③
-

I
I
② 0 .

0826(0 0245)(900) (a :) .

=
-0 .
082410 0275)(700) (a)
.

3 5
(0 .
12) (0 08)5
,

- -

270 546Q , 696

A----------------- B
↑ . =
.

59592 : 2

hy h+ 3 0259)(1000) (Q2)
- "
- 0826(0
1
=

-
.

hf(A+B) =
hf ,
+

hf2 + hts 270 546Q .

,
=
20 175 .
-

Q Q =
,
=
&z =

03 270 546Q , ·
=

462 530Q3 .
- 3

most
a b c d

A .
* ⑬ ⑤
·
B I I I 180 Caltech
270 546 .
-
696 5950 .
⑧

⑭ 270 546 · 0 -462 5300 :

m
91 217 /n
h+ (A+ B) ht thfr+ht5 Q1 = .
=
,
it
Ifz :

hfs hf4 : Q
=

35 . 247m" /n
Q Q2 Q > Q4 05 Q =
53 . 355m2 /n
intindi)
+ +
= =

(masi sir
MAJOR LOSSES IN PIPES ·
TOTAL HEUDLOSS
HfCA-B) h+ hf- hts
fLQ"
+
+

0 0826
=
,

Weisbach)
.

nf = Darcy
15 f-friction factor hy ,
= 0 .
0826(0 0245) (900) (0 05) . .

(0 12/5
29n"LQ" (Manning's)
.

10
nq
.

=
"

D'
n-rughness coefficient
ht 2
=

0 0826
. (0 0275)(700/0 05) .
. *
& :
180m2/nrx Ihr
20 0835 .

3688S
1 85
(Hazen Williams)
.

If :
10 67 LA.

** 1 .
85 C-Hazen Williams coefficient h+ 3 =
0 .
0826(0 0259)(1000) (0 05) . .
=

0 05
.
mY/s
p C
(0 1)
"
.

Situation 6
hf(A +
B)
=

1930 93m .

PIPES ((m) D(cm) f

⑧ Di ? UNKNOWN
I 900 12 0 8245 .

f 0 025
Q
.
=

ht =

8
~

2 700 0 0275
.

p"
3 1000 10 0 0254
.

1930 94m .
=

0 .
0826 (0 025) (2600) (0 05): .
-
.

& =
180m/nr D5

D =
0 0929m .

-929cmy/
 THREE RESERVOIR SYSTEM

hfz= Elephan-EleVB
·

CASE 1 : CASE 2 :
SUPPLY SUPPLY
870 587 844 157m
=

* - . . . .
HIGHER Y .
- =

If
- . . .
-- -

A PIPE 1

-
/ - S +>
i
L

- -
S -
........

① Ante RECEIVE
SUPPLY
h (0 025) (1000) (ac)
"

ails ⑪ 0 0826
Y Qu
- QL LOWER
-
=
. .

Qu B nfu B
+X -
- - >- - >-

20 45)5
II
↳ .

PIPE I
hts ⑳
⑳ ②
487m3/s
g and 0
=
PIDE 3
nf3 .

/
* * s /
c - c -
03 =
Q1 Q2 -

RECEIVING RECEIVE

Q =

0 . 9/2mY/s
tLVATION
Q1 Q2 Q3
=

&1 =

Q2 +
Q3
+

SUPPLY SUPPLY
Eleva :

Ele HEAD -htg

SITUATION 7

D(mm) 0 0826(0 018) (900)(0 9/2)" .

.

PIPES ((m) f nf
.

> =

I 1500 600 0 02
(0 5)5 .

P 4150kP9
.
=

2 1000 4500 025

=35 615m
.

3 900 500 0 018

.

ELEV =
870 587 - 35 615
.
:

EleU 933
*
Elerphead 870 587m ELEVC 834 972m
Ac
↓
= :
/
.
=

A X

-Intu
--
/

ELEV 30m
①
I

--
Elev 844 m PIPES ((m) D(mm) ·

I 300

↑
I
hts 1220 erum
② S

⑧
P(Eler 366m)
2 900 wo
⑬
Y 3 1500 150
c =
+Er Im
n 0 011 ①, Qu & Q =
?
--
. ·
=

· What is the
flowrate in PIPE 3 :
ELEVA-ELEVB If
I
:
:

Elephead Eleup
=

30-24 = Hf,
366 +
4950
hf,
=

6m
98)
=

=18 29 .
h"Q" =

10 29 (0 011)
. .
-
(1220) (G1)-
EleVpHEdD= 870 587 m
p1b/3 (0 3)"13
.

.. CASE 1
&, = 0 .

0801m,
Q ,
=

Q2 +

Q3
ELEVB-ELEVC= hys
·
He : Eleva -

Elevonean 24-15 = 9m

933 870 57 2413m 2920 011) (1500) (83)

=
"

10
-

h+
=

9m
.
= .
.
=

"

n = 0 .
0826(0 02) (1500) (a ,) DARC")
.
(0 15)14/3
.

(0 6)5
.

=8 01ame e
.

= 1 .

399m/S, a 0,
=

CASE 1 :
EleU30M
Y
A
/
im
↓ X

Iintu BEE from 1 to 2

--

I Elev 24m
①
-
-

B-

CTHEO ASSUMPRONS
hts
E1 E2
③
=

Of
O

V, P V 2
2
ELeU 15 m O
/ ,
2,
=

C -
+
t +

Q Qz relaunsht 29 j 29
Q s ,
=
+

ELEUA-ELEVB= h11+ hfz H V2

V
29h
=
-> =

30-24 hf hf2 -> Gm

29
= =
+
,

MANNING's
10 29 (0. .
011)" (1220) (Q ) "+ 10 .
.
29 (0 .
01 ; 1900) (a) =
3m
SITUATION D
(0 2)"/3
10 3)
.

. *

at
GM =
*
933 786Q, + 5988
. .
02Qe =
4 88,

m 47m
h+ + hfs= ELEVA-ELEVC
,

933 786Q , +.
10 29 10 0117 "(1500) (03)
.
.
=
30-15
-
------ ----------

-i I-122m
Cr=1
[0 15113.

8900N VI
W =

933 7860
2
288 377032 75 -8 3245
t Vi 2gh
+ . :
.
, :

Q1 =
Qu +

Q Do =
75mm
=

2(9 81)(4 88)

.
.

bar"
e below launching point()
a distance between landing point to
> above launching point (t) V =

9 785
.
M/S ,,
launching point

y=
xtan8-9x
2 Vo "COS"
-

Q2 0 0266 M/s 9 .
81(4 76)- .

1 .22 4 76+ano
= .

- -
= .

Q3 =
0 .
059 m"/s 2 (val" cos" (0)
4 m/s
bottom A ,
ORIFICE side or
velocity
of tank roefficient of

Va 94
0 975
-

orifice
=
.

II
:

- >
① Cr =

H
-

I
DATUM Ava-smallest

straenew
- .......
-
-

H-head

ORIFICE Coefficients
Discharge
I
·

Cd=

Velocity (Cr 2)
· =

area of Vend
Avc=
contracta

contraction(c=
·

Cd =

CrCc
·
coefficient of discharge

Car
W
:

Mx
=

Q = AoVs

((0 075(4)(9 785) W Q8

=

: .
.

0 04321 m2/s
Q5
ON
= .

9810
-- =

Qa e

Cd= ( 0 .
02783 02783m/s,
Qa 0
=
=
.

① 0 04321
.

COEFFICIENT
Cd 0 644
-

=
. OF DISCHARGE

I ans c) calculate time

2 As TIME TO DISCHARSE

t H,
Cd= C Cr Hu
=
-
CONTENT IN Tank

CA
0 644
. =
C: (0 975) .
29
COEFFICIENT
-
OF contractro
0 6 (e) As cross-sectional
C 2 (4m)2
. :

ans
=

, tank 2As ,
area of k = =

H, = initial head (A290 76(+ (0 04(2) (219 81)

.
.
.

SITUATION B 2d 0 76 k 1173 551

head
=

final
.

Hi
= .

$
YM I
Do : 90mm
-
P 24kPa
:"8
=

X
AIR .

I
hi

- raiso
/
0

9
59
= -

=h Messa a
3m 3m

-8- -
-==
I
/

al

3
H h 24
3m #s
=

it
+ +

K
=

Hu
-
=

0 .
9(9 81) .

- initial head producing

5 718m the flow
551/5718 3 718
=
. -

1173
- .

ANS
.

ti 543 385 .

b) & AV :

, ANS

Qa = Cd QT

Qa = CdAoV
=(0 .

74)( 10 .

09)-)(219 81) (5-7185) .

Qa =
0 .
0512m2/s x1000 L
Im
- Instantaneous discharge
Qa= 51 2 .
SITUATION Y

>
O
H, =
3m
/

3m H2 =
1 5m
.

......

J15m
-
-......,

28) OK

1v
om
WATER O !

↳
8m
- ......
+

!
i
5m

S90 = 0 82 .

Do = 150mm

C = 0 .
88

Cr = 0 95.

T =

t, +
tr

ti
=

time to discharge
water

tz time to discharge
:

oil

L
- H,
=

8+ jen
-H2 =

Poi
UwaTER
-)(cm)
=4 92m .

+2
I = am ...... um