Electric I field

charges

/
Electric
charges

::::: :÷ .

Distribution
Continuous charge

Electric flux

Gauss 's Law

2 Qts
 Electric
charges
Properties of charge
:

Two
different kind of charges exist + ve me
-
• .
,
.

Like attract
•

charges repel and unlike charges .

cannot enist without

•

charge mass .

• Additive in nature
Electric is Quantized
•
charge .

Q = I ne (e -
-
I -
6×10-19 C)

Units
of charge
:

2C 3×109
foemen of charge
=
esu =
.

Coulomb 's Law

• 000
F =L Q Q2 ,
Q,
V
Q2
UAE o 82
K 9×109 my CZ
=L ,
= N

2
Ev
'
CZ N I 2
- -

8 854 X lo
-

= -

medium between
E
permittivity of charges
:

f- =
kQiQz E :
Eo Er
"
( er : relative
permittivity OR
Dielectric constant )
NEET - 2020
 Electric field
A
charged particle
around it .
sets up an electric
field
• Direction
of electric field is checked
by test
charge
p
.

•
•

Q r
q
F
Electric
field produced by charge Q at
point

Iq
E
ET
=
=

Nlc VI m
Fg
-
= = or

•
If a charge q is placed at each vertex
of a

electric field at its centre

regular polygon net
-

is ZERO .

o
9 oh oq q

°
es

o
!¥ E's a
Es
E -

Eu
÷
a

q g og og
g g
 Electric Field Lines : -

lines
•
Imaginary
•
May be curved or
straight .

•
Density of electric
field lines represent strength of
electric
field .

• Two
field lines never intersect each other .

• Start
from positive charge and terminate at

negative charge .

•
They are drawn in such a
way
that
tangent
drawn at
any point gives direction
of electric

field at that point .

Uniform
n V
r s j L
Electric field
ok
-

( B s
y •
L
f- q s y n r
s E
,
>
>

>
> Non Uniform
r r ve Electric field
) a
•
7

JB
+ r
q q
-

L
, n

>
>
.
A >

I EAT LIEB )
Motion of charged particle
in
uniform electric field
+ + + + t t t +

§ , O

7 Y
>
-

Vo Screen
→
- - -
- -
- -

I Im
'
y
-

'
y an :. Path is parabolic

tan O
Ya 9mE÷z
=
=

tano =
if
242
 Electric Dipole
f- Electric Dipole Ipt -
-

zag
unit : c -

m
oh → +q
-

← za
convention
By
direction to
,

from q tq
-

is said to be the
direction
of dipole moment .

Field of Electric Dipole

*
-

I I
Et .
2. a -

amiral
r

Eanial = k ( ZF)
[
equatorial
§ PI )ay%
= k -
2
(r2 a) -

For short dipole Equatorial = KC Eanial =

KIP;

Eanial =
-
ZEequatorial

•
NEET special
•

[
Kyd
3 cos 20
✓ general = -12

you
,

F
 Dipole in Uniform Electric Field
+
q -
consider a
dipole of
→ QE dipole moment p in
→ a
uniform external
E E
fo field as shown -

f
is
TA
There a
force QE on

q
and a
force
-

QE on
QE ←
-

q
-

q
-

The
E
net
force on dipole is ZERO .
since
is
uniform .

2asinO
Magnitude of Torque =
QE x

=
Zqa E Sino
=
PE sin O
E =
F x E

Net is Torque may not be zero

force zero ; or
may .

continuous
Electric due
Charge Distribution
z field finitetoline
change at
perpendicular distance .

E
0270 Feo # Gino sink)
-
-
+
,

+ + t t t t
+ t t t

X DI
x Linear
charge density =
-
-

De
 Electric uniformly
II field due to
charged ringT
.

t
+
+ Eo = O
°

t t

1- t

" "
"
A
Eo
alongamis
negative
+ =
×
+
°
2A Eo R
C )
•
E
y
R

fo
+
'
"
Eo
fawn sin
(E)
-
-

~
O

E amis
+ + along negative y
t t

- N t R t

( •
o
) + a Ep = K QN
t

(R2 + a 2)312
+
c s p
t n
+

t t

t Ent
E manimum
IRE
=
at a =

JI max

Ari
1
-
- - - - - - -

-
I tr .
JI JI

anis
y
-

• -

Q NE ET
special
.

( 90 )
( -
a
,
o
) (a ,
o)
Q kept
charge of mass on amis at
large
-
m
,
y
distance will execute
from centre ,
oscillatory motion
but
if released
very close to
origin ,
execute sin M .

's
.

Time Period SMM 2A 2T Eo ma

of
T =

Qq
 Electric Flux
Electric Dp through
flux
-

DS an area element DJ

Dol E DJ
P
= .

" E
O :
Angle Ebetween electric
and
field
element vector Is
area

' -
r
SI unit :
-

Nc m

Gauss 's Law

• True
for any closed
surface .

Mathematically :
§ E di
- = Q enclosed
Eo

•
Electric
field is due
outside
to all
charges , both
inside and
of Gaussian surface .

calculation electric
•
Useful towards easier
has
of
field when
system some SYMMETRY .
Applications of Gauss 's Law
z
Electric
field due to an
infinitely
wire
long straight uniformly charged
-

(Finangemeaie
p

E. p I e
E =
X
f density )
-

I
+
2A Eor
t

TI
Electric field due to
uniformly
sheet
charged infinite plane

②
①
→ E E =
I Cocharge
surface
:

ZEO
E
←
Density)

metallic
62
←
ri

→ o
+
t
g plate
→ t t

9th ← t o
→
o
,
-102 6
,
-62 - p t
%
-
240
-
2 Eo
2 Eo Yeo t
t
t e

at P
E O -

-
 Electric
field due to
uniformly
.

# spherical
charged thin shell
1-

+
I Ep = o r CR 9in =
O
R
t • S
I
⇐
- a- -
- - - •

#R2
T p
Q
F
= =

+
+

( o=g
,

E
Ea =Q4AEor2
O
Faure 1
ELL
I r2
r
I
r

Electric
II field due to a
uniformly
charged non
conducting sphere
Ep Kqr I
÷¥
=
=

r
p RT
R

Es =

KI utngoafz
-

'

o
s

c-
'
Eo
ft faith
-

= -

KI -

l
-
-
-

"
Ew
Eat
I
e
(volume
¥q
-

write charge
-

,
,
density)
r r
PREVIOUS YEARS Imps .