Physical Chemistry Formula Revision

Photo Elctric Effect

Basic Concepts Nox
Normality, N= Heb = 1000
E KEman
Y(I) Es xy (m)) E b kEman
E
= +
⑧

atomic
Average mass a,, +ac+ ass... E eVo+mYman
=

= B

B
2
108 ↓
a,, atomic mass
of isotopes
a2,as....
-

OS
parts per million,
kbx
n,, my, .....
-

percentage abundance ppm

= A

kE

More concept ........to

x

no. of moles, n=
givenmass w
=

Molality, m 4b
= =

W 1000
x

molar mass N
Wa(Rg) Mb xWa(y)
De
Broglie's Hypothesis

mc2 1 X H
=
x
ofparticles
=

fraction,
=

no.
n =
N
=

Mole Xa Mb
=

mx
2m K.E
No.
Avogadro's 6.022 x 1023
Ma+Up+ nc.....
Bohn's Atomic model
vol
ofgas X
stoichiometry mx2 nh v 0.53
x2
A
=
n
= = =

2X
22.4 A
vol STP
at
of gas aA +

bB C x 2.18 x
= 10" m/s

"Zo TE
PI
= KE
=

E = -
13.6 x
-

ConcentrationTerms ofB
mokes
moles
of of
moles
A =
=

R 11x107m+
R,2
[
a
I
=
=

Percentage," N or Ys x 100
=

W or X limiting Rg: given amt. lowest man no.

ofspectral lines when e-returns from
Me to
n,: (42 n)(n2 4, 1)
+
2
stoichiometric
- -

coeff.
Molarity, M= 4 kb
=
X1000
Atomic Structure Heisenberg's Uncertainity Principle:An. xP>, x
-(1) My x x (m))
Quantum Model
Angular momentum

Plank's Quantum Theory total nodes =

n- l Orbital 1(+
=

1)h 2x

angular nodes 1 =

Spin s(s+1)h =
2x

E hc E(ev) 12400
=
=

X (A-
radial nodes n-1-l
X
=
Thermodynamic Process
enclosed
For isothermal c 2 For
cyclic:W= area
=

AP 0 =

is othermal DT 0 =

For adiabetic c 0

&
=

*T
P
=

# isochoric AV 0 =

9
0
=

isobaric AP 0 = CX Cp 2
adiabatic 90 =

monoatomic 3R/25R/25/3
triatomic
di
Clinear)
5R/2 FR 715 Relation blu IH and AU

A
A
A - B *B
A triatomic 3R 4R
4/3 Xu
qp k
8. =
= +

P
(non-linear)
I
AU= PDV
ap
-

B B
PDX
·

Du
=

qp
+

- Y
AH AV+PDX
=

Work Done dW Pe.dX DU+

*H
ANgRT
=
=
-

Ist law ofThermodynamics

AW w
q t
For
For
Isobaric:W
isochoric:N
=

0
-nRDT
Entropy
q
=
+
=

w
w
System - DS =

9 rex
q
-
For is other mal:

Wrex = 2.3nRT log (Y= Y1) As

n(y(n)Tzπ,)
=
nR
+

(n(vz(Y)
Heat Capacity q
2 AT =2.3 nRT
log(Pc/P)
Nir=-Pe (Ye-Y,) xS
n(p(n)Tz/T) nR(n(a/i)
=

c =

q(T (m q(nxTc a)mx+

= =

For adiabatic:
2nd
Gei,PX) ofThermodynamics
cp: 'm at const.P Cy:cmat const.x Wrex= law
-H
nCpDT DU nCybT
= =

Note:Cp-Cy R
=

Nir=(PY2-P, X1) ↳.S

unix ,0
-
1
v
Poisson's ratio U:Cp (
n(yAT PAX =
Gibbs free Yant HoffEquation
energy
+ve non
spont.
Ionic Equilibrium
G H TS
G log I=
H
I 1
=
-

spont.
-

- ve

T DS 2.303R T, Tz
AG DH
=
-

0 equilibrium PH Calculation:
Ysys TDSunix
- - -

note: pH =-log [H+ 5pOH=-log [or]

AG x40
=
+ 2.303RT
log& For 240:DH =-ve T* *I

at
eg. 1G 0;G Keq
= =
For endo:AH = +ve T kY
pH pOH=14
+
(at 25°C)
140 =-2.303 RT
log keq
acid
Degree ofDissociation a) strong
Equilibrium [n+] >10-8 M
<10Mconsider
neglectitfrom water
L =

no. ofmoles diss. IH] from

it water

initial no.
ofmoles
similar method
b) strong
·
A -B
base
A
2A t B 2C
TH] TOH-] 10-14=

t0
= 3 2 0

3-2x 2x
oftwo
t 2 x min
eq c) SA and SB
= -

2. 2n/2 2/2 [H] or [OH] NY, IN

=

Law of Mass Action y Ya

(2)
+

k pH pOH 14
(at25c)
+
=
=

in 2
aA dB
+
c dD
+

at d) weak acid and base

eq Rf R1, =

k [c] [D]d kp PcP,4 pH 1[PKa-log(I 4= ka

=
=
=
I
[B]"
"
[A] note: xD d
Pr
=
-

P
d(n 1) - -H+] KaC =

kp k,(RT)*48
=

D xD =

Molecular
ofreactants: Wt/2
kY productstable d VD
=

ofthe reaction 2) min

oftwo WA orWB
Kall reactant stable x no.
=

ofmoles ofproductfor unit [H+] kar4

=
+
Ka
mole ofreactants
FOR] KyY kbaC
= +
 1) min ofWA and SA or WB and SB
Colligative Properties Yan't Hoff Factor

THTT 2 1 4ka,4 i normal molar observed(P

Relative
in
lowering VP mass
-
= +
= -

2 P P9 abnormal molar mass calculatedCP

=

+ *A
Salt
Hydrolysis P P(1 x)
T
=
-

2) dissociationi (n 1) X
UB P-PF
a) WA + SB
b) SA+ WB WA + WB = 1
= + -

ky kw
k1 kw
k, kw
P
=
=
=

Ka kb kakb
L = #H 2 = kH x
kH
=
i total
=

no.
ofmoles after dissociation association
Elevation in dissociation association
C C B.P total no.
ofmoles before
1 pH 7
1 Pa-log) pH 7
1 Pa-Pkp 1
T kym k, RT, M
= =

pH 7
=

PKa-log)
= =
+ - +

Hyap
Pure solvent A
1000
solution association =
(1n 1) d
0 + -

-.....
PH ofBuffer Solution

acidic buffer pH PKa+

=

log
salt
P-PF =

iUB
Faced I
P
basic buffer pH PKatlog [salt] AT ik, m
=
=

I base I
Osmotic Pressure DT ikfm
=

Solutions *
= (RT x iCRT
=

:
P < X Osmosis

Henry's Law P
k1 *B
=
P x
=
no flow Electrochemistry
PX X osmosis
-
reverse

anode:In In++ 20-

Raoult's law A B(y)
P+
PA PB
-

.........
+ =
+

Depressionin B.P
VP **
cathode:(n +20 -> (u
PB
................
P=PA
=
+

salt
B(l) 2 an
........ RT
A In
M Bridge
kf Ecell=E,-E
+

PT PUn +P 4B DTf ifm

=
=
=

xy 0
=

UAe nFE'ell
Pt (P P,)4 Ps NB 1 1000 DH 140
= =

=
fus
-

purpent
-
+

x
solution IM InS04 IM CuS04
YP DGP = -RT
Inkeg

In vapour phase yA=PAP,Y= BB PT

For non-volatile solute PANA
Py=
-A T
if if
 Equation
Nevst
conductivity, k =

A
Scm-1
Chemical kinetics
aA(aq) bB(g) +

-(aq) dD(s) +

A 2*
-> k Cell
=
=

Fcell=
FYell-0.059 log constant Rate ofReaction

Fcell=Ecell-0.59 logtapis molar

conductivity, am
kx1000
seminal aA + bB c dD
= +

ATA] 1Dt +=
BT
arg.rate= -1
= =

Variation
at
eg. Ecell=0 and 9 Keq
:

ofMolar Conductivity
rate
ofdisappearance rate ofappearance
Excel) 0.059
log
O
=

eq M

H
strong electrolyte Xm=X-AS
ni
Rate Law
Faraday's law rate=A TAJ"IBYY unitof K-Kon)""s-
weak
electrolyte -

Ic
1stlaw 2nd Law m a
=
nb
=

W x 0 W2 E
W2
i 20 Wi
Kohlrausch Law
IntegratedRate Equations
=
=

it Ez
W
E
=
E,
Reactions
As By RAI +
yBU Zero order

Cell Characteristics It C =
-
kt

Nm(AnBy) =
2.
Xm(A2) +

y. Xm(ga) +Y k
=

resistance, R 0. 1
=
ohn
A

A 2 N
=

ka (22
=
rate
M
C
tyz
resistivity, I =
R. A ohm-cM Aim 1 X
-

Co
K

l
0

Nigcoovas Nim,c Nu j
Nm (CH3C00H)
> >
Conductance, G ohm" s
I
-
=
or cone t Co
(NaCl)
 First order Reactions Po
k = 2.303
Log
kt
Ct Co= e- I Po-P

log
2303 I
k =

Po
k = 2.303
Log
I 2 Po-Pt
+y 12
=
0.693
=

Arrhenius Equation
rate a
a

Ct

Luk (nA
E logk InA
ERT
-
= =

↳
Ink Log
>
t
CONC
- Fa

E logA[
-

In A 2.303RT

LuCt A
ty >
y4 4
+
T

LuCo
0.693k

at
temp T,, rate constant =
R,
7
attemp T2, rate constant Ra
-

>
t Co

Ea 1
log
I
=
-
1
Ti
2.303R Ty
IntegratedRateEquations
Gas phase First order Reactions.
A B C
+

0 0
at to =
Po
P P
at t= t Po-P Pt Po
=
+ P

P Pt
=
-

Po