Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel

City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Program : Bachelor of Arts In Psychology

Course code : GECO 4
Description : Mathematics In The Modern World

LAS #5
Name:_________________________ Score :_____________________
Date : ________________________ Section :_____________________

Topic : BASIC CONCEPT IN MATHEMATICS RELATIONS

Learning 1. Define relation, domain, range, ordered pairs.

Outcomes 2. Give the different ways of expressing a relation.
3. Determine the domain and range of dives the set of orders pairs.

References 1. Felira C young: college algebra Quezon city. Rex Book Store.
.

DISCUSSION:
Relations and Functions
Relations
Correspondence in our everyday language implies a type of relationship between two sets of persons, places, or
things. Pairing a junior to a senior in a JS prom is a form of correspondence. In mathematics, we associate numbers
and express them as ordered pairs. Any set of ordered pairs is called a relation. [(4, -3), (-2, )] is a relation.

An ordered pair consists of two elements. The set of all the first elements of a set of ordered pairs is called
the domain of the relation, while the set of all the second elements is called the range of the relations.

Let us study the following relations

A = [(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7)]

B = [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)]
C = [(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1)]

In set A, the first elements are 0, 2, 4, 6 while the second elements are 1, 3, 5, 7. Thus in set A, the domain
is (0, 2, 4, 6) and the range is (1, 3, 5, 7). What is the domain of set B? set C?

The replacement set is the set of numbers from which we get the values of the domain and the range.

Example:

If y = x + 2 with replacement set (0, 1, 2, 3) then,

If x = 0, y = 0 + 2 = 2
x = 1, y=1+2=3
 x = 2, y = 2 + 2 = 4
x = 3, y=3+2=5

Hence the set of ordered pairs consists of [(0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)] where the domain is (0, 1, 2, 3) and the range is
(2, 3, 4, 5). Take note that whenever the replacement set is not given, it is understood to be the set of real numbers,
R.

Ways of Representing a Relation

There are several ways of representing a relation depending on the emphasis desired. The most direct and concrete
way of expressing a relation is by the use of arrows and matching diagrams.

In the figure below, each diagram exhibits a relation wherein one number of a set is related to another
member of another set. Notice that one member may be related to more than one member of the other set, and vice
versa.

Thus, we can have one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many relations.

A C
One-to-one One-to-many

C D
Aside from using diagrams, relation can be expressed as Many-to-one Many-to-manysets of ordered pairs. We
can, therefore describe these same diagrams as follows:

A = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

B = [(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)]
C = [(1, 4), (2, 4)]
D = [(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7)]

Some relations can be effectively used to emphasize as association among variables. This is done through a
Table of values.

For example, given the number of working days and a person’s daily wage, we can easily state that a
person who has worked for four days will receive a wage amounting to ₱800.00/ the following table shows this
relationship.
 Number of working days 1 2 3 4 5
Daily wage in Pesos 200 400 600 800 1000

Can you give the rule of relation from the above table?
More commonly, ordered pairs are used to designate points in a plane with respect to a pair of axes.
Graphs are very popular means of showing relations.

For example, the relation [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)] can be illustrated as,

What is the domain of relation? What about the range?

Finally, relations are easily expressed in the form of an equation. In the example, the ordered pairs (1, 1), (2, 2), (3,
3) show a rule such that [(x, y) ǀ x = y].

Let us take this example.

Example:

Express the following relations in five different ways if the replacement set is (-1, 0, 1, 2). Find the domain
and the range, if the sum of two numbers is 5.

a. Using the arrow and matching diagrams,

-1 3
0 4
1 5
2 6

b. Expressing as a set of ordered pairs,

[(-1, 6)(0, 5)(1, 4)(2, 3)]

c. Representing as a table of values

First number -1 0 1 2
Second number 6 5 4 3
 d. Representing it by graph

a. Expressing as an equation [(x, y) ǀ y = 5 - x]

Hence the domain of the relation is (-1, 0, 1, 2) and the range is (6, 5, 4, 3).