Objectives

1. Illustrate a relation and a function, and

2. verify if a given relation is a function or not
given an equation and
3. determine if a given relation is a function
given a graph using vertical line test.

Mike Christian A. Cortez, LPT

Relations

Objects in mathematics may be related in various ways.

A set A may be said to be related to a set B.

For example: A is a subset of B,

A and B have at least one common element,
or A and B have the same elements.

A number x may also be related to a number y.

 Relations

-is a set of ordered pairs.

{(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}

-where the set of all first coordinates is the domain (x), of the relation.
-the set of all second coordinates is the range (y) of the relation.

DOMAIN (x): 1, 2,3,4,5 INPUT

RELATION (y): 1,3,5,7,9 OUTPUT

Relations

A relation is a correspondence between two things or quantities.

It is a set of ordered pairs (x, y).

Two important factors connected with a relation are the domain and range.

The set of all values of x is called the domain while the set of values of y is called the
range.
 Representations of Relations

Aside from ordered pair, a RELATION can also be represented in three different ways:
Ex. {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}

1 1 1 1
2 3
2 3
3 5
3 5
4 7
4 7 5 9
5 9

TABLE OF VALUES MAPPING DIAGRAM GRAPH

 Relations

A relation may also be expressed as a statement, arrow diagram, table, equation, set-builder
notation and graph.

Example. The relation is given by R= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10), …}

1. By Statement 2. By Arrow Diagram

R is the set of ordered pairs
where the ranges are twice of
the domains.
 Relations

2. By Table
 Relations

4. By Graph
 Kinds of Relations
ONE-TO-ONE RELATION ONE-TO-MANY RELATION MANY-TO-ONE RELATION
X y X y X y

1 1 1 1 1
1
2 3 3 3
3 5
4 7
5 5
9
3 7 7 5
5
9 9
One-to-One{(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)} FUNCTION
One-to-Many{(1,1), (1,3), (3,5), (3,7), (3,9)} MERE RELATION
Many-to-One{(1,1), (3,1), (5,1), (7,5), (9,5)} FUNCTION
 Let’s Try!

Graph and list the domain and range of each relation. Identify the kind of relation.
{(1,3), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6)}
Domain (x):
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Range (y):
{3, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Kind of Relation:
Many-to-one correspondence
Cartesian Product

Consider two arbitrary sets A and B. The set of all ordered pairs (a,b) where: a ∈ 𝑨 and
b ∈ B is called the Cartesian Product.
▪ By notation, A x B = {(a, b)ȁ𝒂 ∈ 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 ∈ 𝑩}
▪ Example
▪ Let A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}. Find A x B.

Solution:
A x B = {(1,1), (1,2), (1, 3), (2,1), (2, 2), (2,3)}
Cartesian Product

Example
Let M = {a, b, c} and N = {1, 7}
▪ a.) Find M x N
▪ b.) Find N x M.
SOLUTION
a.) M x N = {(a, 1), (a, 7), (b, 1), (b, 7), (c, 1), (c, 7)}
b.) N x M = {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (7, a), (7, b), (7, c)}
 Functions

is a rule that pairs each element in one set, called domain, with exactly one element from as second set,
called the range.

{(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)} FUNCTION

{(1,1), (2,3), (1,5), (4,7), (5,9)} MERE RELATION

 Functions

Determine whether each relation is a function

1. {(1,3), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6)} FUNCTION

2. {(a,b), (b,d), (c,e), (c,f), (d,e)} MERE RELATION

Kathryn Daniel
Liza Enrique
Nadine James

FUNCTION
FUNCTION
MERE RELATION