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(1) (2)

smSya sopano smSya 9e a

(3) (4)

smSyana> s>wivt kar`o


kar`o payanI j½rI maihtI

(5) (6)

]TkLpnaAo p/yogkayRnI ½preqa

(7) (8)

mULya>kn tar`4
tar`4 pir`am

(9)

AnukayR
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