AGRITECH 321- ANIMAL BREEDING

Topic 2. Domestication of Animals

LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Explain the domestication of animals
 Enumerate the breeds developed in the Philippines
LEARNING CONTENT
Domestication
 is the process of conversion of wild animals to domestic use.
 process of enabling animals to survive and reproduce normally under man’s care
 domestication often also involves the development of a dependency on humans so
that the animals lose their ability to live in the wild.
Prerequisites in a successful domestication;
1. The animals should be able to adapt to the type of feed they are offered by humans.
This may be different (in diversity) from what they were used to in the wild.
2. Animal must be able to survive and reproduce in the relatively closed quarters of
captivity.
3. Animals that need a very large territory are not suitable to be domesticated.
4. Animals need to be naturally calm. Very skittish or flighty animals will be hard to
prevent escaping.
5. Animals need to be willing to recognize humans as their superior, which means they
must have a flexible social hierarchy.
Livestock
 domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to
produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor.
Hides
 is an animal skin treated for human use.
 Common commercial hides include leather from cattle and
other livestock animals, buckskin, alligator skin and snake skin.
 term "hide" is sometimes expanded to include furs, which are harvested from
various species, including cats, mustelids, and bears. 

Domesticated
 tame and kept as a pet or on a farm.
 is any animal that depends on a human for food, water and shelter; this
includes farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, goats, dogs
and cats.
 The first domesticated animals was dog.
Farm Animals
 any animals kept for use or profit
Example: wool and leather
 Pets
 Animal type: Bali cattle (Mammal, herbivore)
Wild ancestor: Banteng (Bos javanicus)
 Animal type: Camel (Mammal, herbivore)
Wild ancestor: Wild dromedary and Bactrian camels
 Camelus dromedaries (Arabian camel)
 Camelus bactrianus (Native to the steppes of Central Asia)
 Animal type: Cat Mammal, (Carnivore)
Wild ancestor: African wildcat
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 Felis catus (Feral Cat)

 Felis silvestris lybica (African wildcat)
 Animal type: Cattle Mammal, (Herbivore)
Wild ancestor: Aurochs
 Bos primigenius namadicus (Indian aurochs)
 Animal type: Dog Mammal (Omnivore)
Wild ancestor: Wolf
 Canis lupus (Gray Wolf)
 Animal type: Goat Mammal, herbivore
Wild ancestor: Wild goat
 Capra aegagrus hircus

Table 1. List of domesticated animals in early times.

Species Latin Date Location

Dog Canis lupus familiaris >30,000 BC Eurasia

Sheep Ovis orientalis aries 11000 - Southwest Asia

9000 BC

Pig Sus scrofa domestica 9000 BC Near East, China,

Germany

Goat Capra aegagrus hircus 8000 BC Iran

Taurine cattle Bos primigenius Taurus 8000 BC India, Middle East,

North Africa

Zebu cattle Bos primigenius indicus 8000 BC India

Cat Felis catus 7500 BC Cyprus and Near East

Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 6000 BC India and South East

Asia

Llama Lama glama 6000 BC Peru

Guinea pig Cavia porcellus 5000 BC Peru

Donkey Equus africanus asinus 5000 BC Egypt

Domesticated Anas platyrhynchos domesticus 4000 BC China

duck

Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis 4000 BC India, China

Horse Equus ferus caballus 4000 BC Eurasian Steppes

Dromedary Camelus dromedaries 4000 BC Arabia

Honey bee Apis 4000 BC Multiple places

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Silkworm Bombyx mori 3000 BC China

Reindeer Rangifer tarandus 3000 BC Russia

Rock pigeon Columba livia 3000 BC Mediterranean Basin

Goose Anser anser domesticus 3000 BC Egypt

Bactrian Camel Camelus bactrianus 2500 BC Central Asia

Yak Bos grunniens 2500 BC Tibet

Asian elephant Elephas maximus 2000 BC Indus Valley

civilisation

Alpaca Vicugna pacos 1500 BC Peru

Ferret Mustela putorius furo 1500 BC Europe

Common carp Cyprinus carpio Unknown East Asia

Domesticated Meleagris gallopavo 500 BC Mexico

turkey

Goldfish Carassius auratus auratus Unknown China

European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 600 Europe

Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 1100–1900 Japan

Canary Serinus canaria domestica 1600 Canary Islands,

Europe

Fancy rat Rattus norvegicus 1800s United Kingdom

Fox Vulpes vulpes 1800s Europe

European Mink Mustela lutreola 1800s Europe

Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus 1870s Europe

Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata 1900s Australia

Hamster Mesocricetus auratus 1930s United States

Silver Fox Vulpes vulpes 1950s Soviet Union

Ball python Python regius 1960s Africa

Red Deer Cervus elaphus 1970s New Zealand

Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar 1969 Norway

Atlantic Cod Gadus Morhua On going Norway

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BREEDS DEVELOPED IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Berkjala; Berkshire x Jala jala native pigs 1916
 Los Banos Cantonese; selection and inbreeding of chickens from Canton
China 1916
 Philamin; 4/8 Ongole, 3/8 Ongole an 1/8 Batangas cattle 1930
 Miracle Pig (upgraded pig) 1960’s
 CEBS (College Experimental Broiler Strain) Vantress x Arbor Acre
 Laguna Duck – a three-way cross among Pekin, Phil. Mallard and
Muscovy 1994

REFERENCE
 Kor Oldenbroek and Liesbeth van der Waaij, 2015.  Animal Breeding and Genetics
 Kennisnet: https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/display/TAB/ 
 Gewirtz and Kim. Animal Models of Behavior Genetics. 2016
 Animal Science Module. Licensure Examination for Agriculturist Reviewer.
CLSU. 2018
 Swathi Arur. Siganaling- Mediated Control of Cell Division: From Oogenesisto
Oocyte- to Embryo Development. 2017
 Richard M. Bourdon. Understanding Animal Breeding. 2014