Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability of Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias Porcellus)

SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan 2420 Philippines

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability

Of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Mucus
in Guinea Pigs (Cavias porcellus)
LIFE SCIENCE (TEAM CATEGORY)
RONALD ZACARIAS
REXSTAR DOMALANTA
IRENE FERRER
Researchers
ALISON GUTIERREZ
Research Adviser
RESEARCH PLAN
Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability Of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias porcellus)
By Ronald Zacarias, Rexstar Domalanta, Erica Joy Alejo, Joanna Claudio, Irene Ferrer,
Rochelle Parayno
Adviser: Alison A. Gutierrez
Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School
I. Questions or Problems Addressed

While it is known that hair serves many purpose to ensure survival of the species,
some bodily hairs are considered by many as unwanted because they appear
unsightly, especially among women who are conscious of their appearance.
Moreover, some studies suggest that hair may be culprits in the development of
body odor, thus removal of such unwanted hair may not only be for cosmetic
purposes but also hygienic.
Commercial products are out in the market, luring these people who want to rid of
their unwanted body hairs especially in their armpits. Catfish mucus have been
found is a few studies to have the ability to slow down hair growth. However,
catfish live in muddy waters; thus bacterial parasites potentially thrive in its bod.
Thus, the use of catfish mucus as a topical agent to arrest body hair growth may
yet need pre-clinical investigation to assess its safety, first on test animals orior to
testing in humans, thus this study is proposed.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following:
1. What are the bacterial isolates present in the catfish mucus?
2. What are the physical properties of catfish mucus as to
a. Appearance;
b. Color;
c. Odor;
3. What are the chemical properties of catfish mucus?
4. What are the hair cessation effects of applying catfish mucus at different
concentration?
5. Is there significant difference in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus/at

different concentration?
II. Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypothesis
The following hypotheses will be tested at 0.05% level of significance:
There are no significant differences in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus at
different concentration.
III. Methodology
Research Design
The descriptive experimental research design was employed to determine the hair
cessation effect of catfish mucus. According to Dawson (2007), experimental research is
based on a methodology that meets three criteria: (a) random assignment- the subjects are
randomly distributed to different treatment groups, (b) experimental control- all
procedures for each treatments must be similar to each other except for the independent
variable (which is the main concern of the study), and (c) appropriate measures- the
effect of the treatments are appropriate for testing the hypothesis set by the researchers.
Further, such design was used since various test reagents and apparatuses were
utilized in performing different test such as bacteria analysis for culture and sensitivity.
The objectives of the study and the statement of the problem were the primary basis of
the research methodology. The researchers applied a systematic and scientific approach
in dealing with the data and information. The data and information that have been
gathered from the research are used for the attainment of the objectives and solutions to
the problems engaged in the study.
Sources of Data
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted at the College of Medicine Microbiology and Pharmacy
Laboratory Building in Virgen Milagrosa University (VMU), San Carlos City,
Pangasinan because of the good facilities and services which can help the researchers
comprehend and characterize the African catfish mucus hair cessation effect together
with the characterization and culturing the bacteria present on African catfish mucus with
the help of the facilitators and technicians of the medical laboratory. Direct information
to achieve the objective of the study will be provided to the researcher from the
procedures that have been done.
Instrumentation and Data Collection

Specimen Collection
Seven African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were caught and extracted of their
mucus in a pond at Brgy.Tandoc, San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The spine of the knife
was used to extract the mucus and then the sample mucus were placed in three accurately
labeled vials, and then were placed in a tightly-sealed Styrofoam box.
Nine guinea pigs were prepared for the actual experimentation. The nine guinea
pigs will be obtained from an accredited laboratory animal supplier. The guinea pigs will
have to be preferably from the same litter or at least for mthe same lineage or ancestry,
and must equally weigh between 300 and 500 gm.
Preservation and Transportation of Specimen
The mucus of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in three sterile vials will be
sent to the College Of Medicine Microbiology Laboratory and at the College of
Pharmacy Laboratory at Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation (VMUF). The
specimens collected will be placed in an ice box containing ice gel to maximize the
recovery of bacteria. The specimens will be transported from the extraction site to the
laboratories as soon as possible to preserve the viability of the ‘delicate’ bacteria and
delays in processing can cause false-negative culture results. The mucus samples will be
stored at 4° C.
Methods of Bacterial Isolation
Catfish mucus will be incubated for 4 days for it requires identifying large
colonies of bacteria. It is incubated in air with a 5 % of carbon dioxide added on it. Most
bacteria require a temperature of 37°C for optimal growth. This temperature will be
maintained placing the inoculated culture plates in the incubator set at 37°C.
Method of Inoculating the Solid Culture Media
For obtaining the isolated colonies, streaking method will be used, which is the
most common method of inoculating an agar plate. A small amount of mucus between
0.1 and 0.2 ml will be placed on the side of the agar plate with a drop from an inoculating
loop. Second, a sterile inoculating loop will then be used to spread the mucus out in one
direction from the initial site of inoculation. This is done by moving the inoculating loop
from side to side, passing through the initial site and the inoculating loop is then sterilized
into a beaker of 70% (v/v) ethanol (by flaming) again and the first streaks are then spread
out. The procedure will be repeated two to three times more, moving around the agar
plate. In this method, single bacterial cells get isolated by the streaking, and when the
plate is incubated, formation of discrete colonies will have started from just one
bacterium each.
Preparation of the Test Animals

Guinea pigs will be taken out one at a time for hair plucking at the right lower
para-thoracic region, measuring 7,320 sq. cm.
The guinea pigs will be carefully handled to ensure proper restraint during the
experimentation procedure. The guinea pigs will be held with hands one at a time for hair
plucking to render the area hairless. The hair of a guinea pig will be cut using scissors to
make it shorter and easy to pluck. The hair of the chosen part of the guinea pig will be
plucked using tweezers until the part is rendered hairless. Catfish mucus will then be
applied to the hairless part of the guinea pig at different concentrations, namely 25%,
50%, 75%, and 95%.
Application of the Treatments in the Replicates
0.1 ml of catfish mucus will be applied topically on the area of the guinea pig skin
rendered hairless by plucking. The test animals will be placed back in their cages after the
one-time application of the mucus. The researchers will make the necessary
measurements (in micromilligrams) of hair growth in the hairless spot starting at day 1
until the 7th day. The measurements for hair growth will employ the use of caliper.
Physical Characteristics of Catfish Mucus

Catfish mucus extract will be observed on based on its appearance, color and
odor. It is mainly observe to test its suitability for the formulation of suitable dosage.
Catfish mucus appearance when observe is known for its dull and watery color because
of its water environment and also color of mucus is considerably ranges from grayish
white to black. Similar to other fish creature, the catfish mucus also smells stinky.
Chemical Characterization of Catfish Mucus

A property of chemical substance in the catfish mucus/mucin is secreted
from its epidermal mucous cells as a major product in which it is a mixture of
glycoproteins with molecular weights in the range of one to two million. And other
subunits molecules like adherence of disulfide bonds, a protein core rich in the amino
acids threonine, serine, and proline, 70% to 80% dry weight carbohydrate and other
considerable structural variability are responsible for the viscous properties of mucus and
also causes for its slippery coating characteristics on its secretions. (Pigman, 1977; Allen,
1983)
Ethical Consideration
The following principles will be observed throughout the course of this study.
Non-maleficence. In general, the research will not cause harm to the people. It
does not carry in itself actions and behaviors that pose threat to the health, welfare and
being of the people. The current study will also ask permission to concerned authorities
before the conduct of the study.
Beneficence. It is intended to make a positive contribution to the health of the
people by providing hair cessation effect in the axillary. Prior to the conduct of
experimentation, the research plan will be evaluated for its scientific soundness and risk.
Every risk will be weighed and possible alternatives for the
Risk Assessment
The use of guinea pigs to test the ability of catfish mucus to slow down hair
growth avoids the potential risk in humans of any bacterial infection that may be caused
by application of catfish mucus.
The guinea pigs will be used with the least minimal harm possible, No wound will
be incised on the skin of guinea pigs in this proposed experiment; only topical application
of catfish will be done after careful cutting of hair and plucking of the hair roots of cut
hairs will be done.
Tools for Data Analysis

Descriptive analysis of data will use computation of median hair length. To
compare the hair growths after non-application and/or application of catfish mucus, one
median test will be conducted to see if statistically significant difference exists.
Bibliography
Adikwu, M. (2006). Mucins and their potentials. 581-582.
Adikwu, M., Aneko, K., & Builders, P. (2005). Biophysical Properties of Mucin and its
Use as a Mucoadhesive Agent in Drug Delivery. Current Developments and
Future Concepts , 60-69.
Allen, A. (1983). Mucus a protective secretion of complexity. 169-173.
Momoh, M. A., & Adikwu, M. U. (2008). Evaluation of oral insulin delivery using
bovine mucin in non-diabetic rats. 5-9.
Philip, F. B., Olobayo, O. K., Larry, C. O., Modupe, I. B., Anthony, A. A., & Michael, U.
A. (2008). Preparation and evaluation of mucinated sodium alginate
microparticlesfor oral delivery of insulin. 777-783.
Pigman, W. (1977). Mucus glycoproteins. (M. I. Horowitz, & W. Pigman, Eds.) The
glyconjugates , 131-137.
Ramasany, M. A., Gobinath, C., & Ravichandarn, S. (2011). Antimacrobial peptide from
the epidermal mucus of some estuarine cat fishes. 256-260.
RESEARCH
MANUSCRIPT
Characterization and Hair Growth Arresting Ability

Of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias porcellus)
LIFE SCIENCE (TEAM CATEGORY)
RONALD ZACARIAS
REXSTAR DOMALANTA
IRENE FERRER
Researchers
ALISON GUTIERREZ
Research Adviser
RESEARCH PLAN
Characterization and Hair Growth Arresting Ability
Of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias porcellus)
By Ronald Zacarias, Rexstar Domalanta, Erica Joy Alejo, Joanna Claudio, Irene Ferrer,
Rochelle Parayno
Adviser: Alison A. Gutierrez
Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School
ABSTRACT
Axillary hair is one of the difficult challenges of women due to its unceasing hair
growth and no long term solution found yet to cease the aggravating state of being
irritated. Researchers employed a descriptive experimental type of research as it deals
with the observation of experimental research which was conducted in Virgen Milagrosa
University San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The hair growth of guinea pigs in the hairless
spot starting first day until seventh day were measured by caliper, the statistical methods
used to analyze the data were nonparametric test. Mucus contains single organism which
is the Escherichia Coli resulted from the bacterial isolation. 95% and 75% concentrations
in four different concentrations are more effective in decreasing the speed and can even
cease the hair growth. The purpose of this study is to determine what the properties are
present in the mucus that has ability to cease the hair growth.
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Humans have hair on different parts of their bodies and hair serves various
important functions depending on its location. Humans have different types of hair; head
hair that protects the scalp from the burning sun, eyelashes and eyebrow hair help keep
foreign matter cut of the eyes and hair in the nostrils and ear canal help catch dust or dirt,
debris and even insects or other particles from entering the body. Nostril hair also helps
regulate the temperature of inhaled hair before it enters the body. The highest
concentration of hair follicles is actually in the nostrils. Humans also grow hair in the
pubic and axillary areas that both are hormone-induced and that also perform several
functions on the body. The axillary hair helps in preventing friction, in sweat licking
although it does not absorb sweat but it is present to prevent you from feeling
uncomfortable with the sweat that stays on the surrounding skin also helps to maintain
body temperature especially when it is cold. The light coating of fine hair that covers our
arms, legs, and faces are also present on the human body. Humans are covered in around
five million hair follicles, a tiny organ that found on the surface of skin that produces hair
or where hair grows.
Axillary hair starts to grow on both men and women in the puberty stage. Women
and teenage girls are likely to shave their axillary hair regularly to maintain hygienic and
to be more comfortable in socialization with the other people. Majority of women are
tired of shaving the unceasing hair growth and are now looking for a solution to end up
the axillary hair growth.
The researchers conducted a research about the bacteria presents on the catfish
mucus that has something to do in the cessation of axillary hair growth and also the
ability of the mucus to heal wounds, they chose to conduct this research because nothing
else has been done this around the country and even around the world. The research is
good as advantage for those who are looking for a solution to stop the hair from its
unceasing growth.
Catfishes are living in the fishpond filled with fresh water and we often see this
type of fish in the smoky street that is being grilled and to be sold by the people that
serves as their viand or even as an appetizer eaten while drinking liquor also known as
“pulutan.” Catfish has large, flat head and elongated body. The entire body is covered
with taste buds that can detect chemicals in the water and respond to touch. Greatest
concentration of sensory organs is located on the whiskers, also known as barbells.
Catfish develops up to four pairs of whiskers. Most species of catfish are able to breathe
through their skin. They can survive from eight to twenty years in the wild, depending on
the species.
The researchers found many studies made by the American researchers who
described the gel or mucus of the catfish as possessing more than sixty healing agents,
mostly protein in nature that are fundamental agents of wound healing in human and
other animals. One such substance activates protein that helps initiates inflammation and
pain responses to wounds others block bacterial growth, preventing infection. Catfish
mucus also contains high concentration of the molecules that coagulate blood forming
clots of bleeding and also enzymes that accelerates cell division and the formation of new
tissue. The application of the mucus is just only by smearing the mucus on the affected
area of the skin.
The experiment was applied first in animals to secure the safety of humans before
applying to human skin which the mucus will be smeared on the chosen part of the skin
where newly plucked hairs located that were also considered wounds. Guinea pigs were
used in the experimentation top test the effectiveness of the catfish mucus that induces a
cessation of axillary hair growth. For D. JACKSON and F.J. EBLING, it is often
suggested that the guinea pig might be more suitable for experiments on hair growth than
rats or mice because it resembles the human scalp in that each hair follicle undergoes a
cycle of activity which is independent of its neighbors. In the adult human scalp each
follicle appears to behave independently of its neighbors, so that there is a “mosaic”
pattern of hair replacement. Thus active follicles, and follicles containing club hairs, can
be found in every part of the scalp at any time. Normally about 85% of the scalp follicles
can be shown to be active at any one time. As the guinea pig has also been stated to have
a mosaic pattern of hair replacement, it is often suggested that it might be a more suitable
animal for experiments on hair growth than rats of mice. The assumption is that the
results would be more likely to be applicable to the human condition.

Dr. Richard S. Criddle with the degrees of PhD Biophysics University of
Wisconsin in 1962 and BS Chemistry Utah State University in 1958 who’s now a
professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California at Davis,
believes that various substances in catfish mucus triggers all sort of chemical reactions
under the skin of humans, bringing in white blood cells to break up broken tissue and
clean it cut. These cells also start making repair products and then shutting the whole
process down when healing is complete. Dr. Criddle believes that the catfish mucus may
eventually be used to accelerate wound healing in patient who does not heal well, such as
diabetics and other folks and also those suffering from burns. Drug companies have made
inquiries in order to gather information regarding the capability of the mucus to heal
wounds, but the complexity of duplicating the proteins in the proper balance has to date
precluded synthesizing it which is necessary for practical drug manufacturing.
Mucus or slime is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, which demonstrate
a broad range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotics and wound
healing properties (Ramasamy et al..,2011; Shahid et al..,2014). They are mainly secreted
in the intestine but also in airways and other membranes (Adikwu et al..,2005). Mucin
protein backbones are characterized by numerous tandem repeats that contain proline and
are high in serine asparagines, hydroxylysine and/or threonine residues (Adikwu and
Ndu, 2006). Owing to the viscoelastic consistency of mucin, it controls the diffusion of
molecules across the mucus membrane and also protects the mucus membranes against
the harsh conditions of the gastric environment due to hydrochloric acid (Philip et al..,
2008; Momoh and Adikwu, 2008).
Everyone is tired of shaving their axillary hair, everyone is ashamed to interact
with people due to axillary hair causing sweat, and also they’re spending too much for
different ointments just for their axillary to reduce odor. Everyone must cease the
unceasing axillary hair growth to cease the aggravating state of being irritated; catfish
mucus makes it possible to solve everyone’s problems by simply smearing the mucus to
reduce costs. The researchers aim to reduce the costs by doing the application of
smearing the mucin extract of catfish on the chosen part of the skin due to its ability to
slow down and even cease the axillary hair growth.
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
The researchers have surmised that the catfish mucus may be among the fresh
water fishes that is characterized and has a cessation effect activity in which it slows
down the axillary hair growth as the basis for this idea.
As shown in Figure 1, African catfish mucus is use as the important factor in the
flow of the study as it undergoes bacteria isolation to determine the bacteria that may be
present in the catfish mucus.

After isolating the bacteria present in the catfish mucus, physical and chemical
characterization will be determined. As to its physical properties, the appearance, color,
odor, solubility, pH and melting point together with its chemical properties were
identified since these are essential determinants for ceasing effect activity.
In the process, different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 95%) of catfish mucus
were prepared and subjected to application on a newly plucked hair of guinea pigs as test
animals were utilized in this study compared with negative control(Distilled water).
In the output, bacteria isolation for culture and sensitivity, physical and chemical
characterization of catfish mucus and hair cessation effect activity of African catfish
(Clarias gariepinus) mucus applied in different concentration were obtained in the study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
African Catfish (Clarias Bacteria Isolation Bacteria Isolation for

Gariepinus) mucus Culture and Sensitivity
 Pour Plate Method
% of Catfish mucus at  Streak Plate
Different Concentration Method
- 25%  Gram strain from
- 50% the Colony
- 75%
- 95% Physical Characterization
Physical and Chemical
of Catfish Mucus Characterization of
Negative Control
Catfish Mucus
- Distilled Water  Appearance
 Color
Test Samples  Odor
- Catfish mucus Biochemical

Characterization of
Test Animals Hair Cessation Effect
Catfish Mucus
Activity of African
- 9 Guinea pigs Catfish (Clarias
Application of Catfish
gariepinus) Mucus
Mucus on a Newly Pluck
Applied to Guinea Pigs in
Hair of Guinea Pigs Different Concentrations
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem
The researchers aim to find out what are the properties present in the mucus of
catfish and how can this induce a cessation of axillary hair growth.
6. What are the bacterial isolates present in the catfish mucus?
7. What are the physical properties of catfish mucus?
8. What are the biochemical properties of catfish mucus?
9. What are the hair cessation effects of applying catfish mucus at different
concentration?
10. Is there significant difference in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus/at
Hypothesis
The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05% level of significance.
H0= There is no significant differences in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus at
different concentration
Significance of the Study
The study will help the government employees and students to avoid armpit
irritation even the students are wearing uniforms and formal attire for government
employees. Students can’t focus on their different activities due to uncomfortable
condition specifically the irritation cause by their axillary hair. We often see some
government employees wearing their formal attire while doing their work and there are
times their axillary produces sweat that starts to cause odor.
Models and celebrities will benefit by making them more comfortable in public
and to be more confident to face people that surrounds them. Celebrities are always in
front of many people and are very careful of their selves to avoid shame specially when
waving to their fans. Models do their different attractive pose not to disappoint the crowd
especially female models when showing their physical appearance.
The study will also help the athletes in allowing them to be relaxed and causing
no worries in every game they encounter. Athletes must always be ready and should be
comfortable before, during, and even after the game.
Scope and Limitation
The study limits its scope to species clarias gariepinus obtained within San
Carlos City, Pangasinan. Only its mucus which is located at the external body part of the
catfish was scraped and that was examined to find out the bacteria presents.
The researchers used nine guinea pigs for the application of the catfish mucus in
different concentrations which two guinea pigs were used in each concentration; 25%,
50%, 75%, 95% and no treatment was applied in one guinea pig as for the negative
control.
The main purpose of the study is to provide information regarding how catfish
mucus induces a cessation of axillary hair growth. Researchers consider the safety of
every participant before applying the catfish slime by giving them steps to follow.
CHAPTER III
Research Design and Methodology
This part of the study presents the research methods and data gathering
procedures that were used by the researchers for acquiring the needed data. It includes
discussion regarding the sources of information, data collection and research instruments
that are used for the study. This chapter also deals with formulation of the research design
that would serve as the groundwork of the study.
Research Design
The experimental research design was employed to determine the hair cessation
effect of catfish mucus. According to Dawson (2007), experimental research is based on
a methodology that meets three criteria: (a) random assignment- the subjects are
randomly distributed to different treatment groups, (b) experimental control- all
procedures for each treatments must be similar to each other except for the independent
variable (which is the main concern of the study), and (c) appropriate measures- the
effect of the treatments are appropriate for testing the hypothesis set by the researchers.
Further, such design was used since various test reagents and apparatuses were
utilized in performing different test such as bacteria analysis for culture and sensitivity.
The objectives of the study and the statement of the problem were the primary basis of
the research methodology. The researchers applied a systematic and scientific approach
in dealing with the data and information. The data and information that have been
gathered from the research are used for the attainment of the objectives and solutions to
the problems engaged in the study.
Sources of Data
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted at the College of Medicine Microbiology and Pharmacy
Laboratory Building in Virgen Milagrosa University (VMU), San Carlos City,
Pangasinan because of the good facilities and services which can help the researchers
comprehend and characterize the African catfish mucus on its arresting ability in axillary
hair growth together with the characterization and culturing the bacterias present on
African catfish mucus with the help of the facilitators and technicians of the medical
laboratory. Direct information to achieve the objective of the study will be provided to
the researcher from the procedures that have been done.
Instrumentation and Data Collection
SPECIMEN COLLECTION
Four African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were caught and extracted of their
mucus in a pond at Brgy.Tandoc, San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The spine of the knife
was used to extract the mucus and then the sample mucus were placed in three accurately
labeled vials, and then were placed in a tightly-sealed Styrofoam box.
Nine guinea pigs were prepared for the actual experimentation. The nine guinea
pigs were obtained from a supplier. The guinea pigs weigh between 300 and 500 gm.
PRESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPECIMEN
The mucus of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in three sterile vials were sent
to the College Of Medicine Microbiology Laboratory and at the College of Pharmacy
Laboratory at Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation (VMUF). The specimens
collected were placed in an ice box containing ice gel to maximize the recovery of
bacteria. The specimens were transported from the extraction site to the laboratories as
soon as possible to preserve the viability of the ‘delicate’ bacteria and delays in
processing can cause false-negative culture results. The mucus samples were stored at 4°
C.
METHODS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATION
Catfish mucus was incubated for 4 days for it requires identifying large colonies
of bacteria. It is incubated in air with a 5 % of carbon dioxide added on it. Most bacteria
require a temperature of 37°C for optimal growth. This temperature was maintained
placing the inoculated culture plates in the incubator set at 37°C.
METHODS OF INOCULATING THE SOLID CULTURE MEDIA
For obtaining the isolated colonies, streaking method was used, which is the most
common method of inoculating an agar plate. A small amount of mucus between 0.1 and
0.2 ml was placed on the side of the agar plate with a drop from an inoculating loop.
Second, a sterile inoculating loop is then used to spread the mucus out in one direction
from the initial site of inoculation. This is done by moving the inoculating loop from side
to side, passing through the initial site and the inoculating loop is then sterilized into a
beaker of 70% (v/v) ethanol (by flaming) again and the first streaks are then spread out.
The procedure was repeated two to three times more, moving around the agar plate. In
this method, single bacterial cells get isolated by the streaking, and when the plate is
incubated, formation of discrete colonies will have started from just one bacterium each.
PREPARATION OF THE TEST ANIMALS
Guinea pigs were taken out one at a time for hair plucking at the right lower para-
thoracic region, measuring 7320 sq. cm.
The guinea pigs were carefully handled to ensure proper restraint during the
experimentation procedure. The guinea pigs were held with hands one at a time for hair
plucking to render the area hairless. The hair of a guinea pig was cut using scissors to
make it shorter and easy to pluck. The hair of the chosen part of the guinea pig was
plucked using tweezers until it became hair less. Catfish mucus was applied to the hair
less part of the guinea pig at different concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95%.
APPLICATION OF THE TREATMENTS IN THE REPLICATES
0.1 ml of catfish mucus was applied topically on the area of the guinea pig skin
rendered hairless by plucking. The test animals were placed back in their cages after the
one-time application of the mucus. The researchers made the necessary measurements (in
micromilligrams) of hair growth in the hairless spot starting at 1 day until the 7 th day. The
measurements for hair growth employed the use of caliper.

Tools for Data Analysis
The results of the physical and chemical characterization were accurately
observed, recorded and compared to the positive standard to determine the stability of
African catfish mucus. The hair cessation effect of each concentrations were compared to
negative control through
Search nonparametric median test

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter present the various result of the physical and chemical
characterization including the bacteria present that was conducted to confirm the hair
cessation effect of catfish mucus in different concentrations.
Bacteria Isolation of Catfish mucus
Table 1 shows the zone of inhibition of bacteria present from catfish mucus.
Isolating the bacteria present in catfish mucus shall be the basis of ceasing activity.
Table 1. Bacterial Analysis for Culture and Sensitivity
Test Result:
A. Pour Plate Method (Colony Count)
1:10 1:100 1:1000
18 15 10
B. Streak Plate Method
Microorganism Isolated
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Escherichia Coli Escherichia Coli Escherichia Coli
C. Grams Strain from the Colony
Gram Negative Bacilli
Pour plate method were used to determine the colony count in which the mean is
obtain to have an 11 colony count in the three replicates. In the streak plate method base
from the result of the Bacteria Analysis for culture and Sensitivity, the microorganism
isolated to three samples is Escherichia Coli. Furthermore, the observe gram strain from
the colony is Gram Negative Bacilli.
Physical Characterization of Catfish Mucus
Catfish mucus extract will be observed on based on its appearance, color and
odor. It is mainly observe to test its suitability for the formulation of suitable dosage.
Catfish mucus appearance when observe is known for its dull and watery color because
of its water environment and also color of mucus is considerably ranges from grayish
white to black. Similar to other fish creature, the catfish mucus also smells stinky.
Chemical Analysis of Catfish Mucus
A property of chemical substance in the catfish mucus/mucin is secreted from its
epidermal mucous cells as a major product in which it is a mixture of glycoproteins with
molecular weights in the range of one to two million. And other subunits molecules like
adherence of disulfide bonds, a protein core rich in the amino acids threonine, serine, and
proline, 70% to 80% dry weight carbohydrate and other considerable structural variability
are responsible for the viscous properties of mucus and also causes for its slippery
coating characteristics on its secretions. (Pigman, 1977; Allen, 1983)

4. Hair Cessation Effect of Catfish mucus at Different Concentrations
GUINEA PIGS HAIR GROWTH AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS

1.7 1.7
1.25
1.8
1.6
1.4
0.55 0.55 0.55
1.2 0.55 0.455 0.55 0.55
0.55 0.455 0.55 0.55
1 0.55 0.550.455 0.55
0.55 0.55 0.55
0.2
0.8 0.2
MILLIMETER
0 0.2
0.6 0 0.2
0 0 0 0.2 0.2
0.4 0 0 0 0.2 0.2
0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.2
0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.2
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DAYS
95% concentration (Guinea Pig 1) 95% concentration (Guinea Pig 2) 75% concentration (Guinea Pig 3) 75% concentration (Guinea Pig 4)
50% concentration (Guinea Pig 5) 50% concentration (Guinea Pig 6) 25% concentration (Guinea Pig 7) 25% concentration (Guinea Pig 8)
Negative Control (Guinea Pig 9)
Graph 1. Guinea Pigs Hair Growth at Different Concentration

This graph presents the hair growth of (?)
Is there significant difference in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus at
(INTERPRETATION)
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
The mucus from the African catfish contains a single organism which is the
Escherichia Coli resulted from the bacterial isolation. The African catfish mucus
has demonstrated extremely good in decreasing the speed of hair growth.
Recommendations
1. Conduct a parallel study investigating further the 95% concentration of
African catfish mucus
2. For future researchers, conduct a follow up study not only on the catfish
mucus but also on the other parts of catfish with properties that promote
hair growth cessation activity similarly.
3. Future researchers who want to replicate this study must make sure to
apply the mucus not just once but apply in three consecutive days in the
subject for a good result. Future researchers should also try to formulate
the mucus into cream form.


Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability of Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias Porcellus)

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Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability of Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Mucus in Guinea Pigs (Cavias Porcellus)

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SPEAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL

Roxas Boulevard, San Carlos City, Pangasinan 2420 Philippines

Characterization and Hair Growth-Arresting Ability

LIFE SCIENCE (TEAM CATEGORY)

I. Questions or Problems Addressed

5. Is there significant difference in the hair cessation effect of catfish mucus/at

Instrumentation and Data Collection

Preservation and Transportation of Specimen

Methods of Bacterial Isolation

Method of Inoculating the Solid Culture Media

Preparation of the Test Animals

Physical Characteristics of Catfish Mucus

Chemical Characterization of Catfish Mucus

Tools for Data Analysis

Allen, A. (1983). Mucus a protective secretion of complexity. 169-173.

Characterization and Hair Growth Arresting Ability

LIFE SCIENCE (TEAM CATEGORY)

irritated. Researchers employed a descriptive experimental type of research as it deals

Background of the Study

or where hair grows.

the axillary hair growth.

concentration of sensory organs is located on the whiskers, also known as barbells.

area of the skin.

follicle appears to behave independently of its neighbors, so that there is a “mosaic”

results would be more likely to be applicable to the human condition.

Dr. Richard S. Criddle with the degrees of PhD Biophysics University of

professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California at Davis,

precluded synthesizing it which is necessary for practical drug manufacturing.

Mucus or slime is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, which demonstrate

a broad range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotics and wound

2008; Momoh and Adikwu, 2008).

Everyone is tired of shaving their axillary hair, everyone is ashamed to interact

slow down and even cease the axillary hair growth.

present in the catfish mucus.

characterization will be determined. As to its physical properties, the appearance, color,

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

African Catfish (Clarias Bacteria Isolation Bacteria Isolation for

- Catfish mucus Biochemical

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

6. What are the bacterial isolates present in the catfish mucus?

7. What are the physical properties of catfish mucus?

8. What are the biochemical properties of catfish mucus?

The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05% level of significance.

Significance of the Study

employees. Students can’t focus on their different activities due to uncomfortable

times their axillary produces sweat that starts to cause odor.

especially female models when showing their physical appearance.

comfortable before, during, and even after the game.

Scope and Limitation

Research Design and Methodology

that would serve as the groundwork of the study.

effect of catfish mucus. According to Dawson (2007), experimental research is based on

randomly distributed to different treatment groups, (b) experimental control- all

the problems engaged in the study.

Locale of the Study

Laboratory Building in Virgen Milagrosa University (VMU), San Carlos City,

the researcher from the procedures that have been done.

Instrumentation and Data Collection

labeled vials, and then were placed in a tightly-sealed Styrofoam box.

PRESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPECIMEN

to the College Of Medicine Microbiology Laboratory and at the College of Pharmacy

Laboratory at Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation (VMUF). The specimens