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Planning 1
Module 1
SITE PLANNING

art of arranging an external physical environment

shaping the spaces

linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning

Nature of Site Planning:

Proportion

Volume

Density

Pattern

Linkages

Fundamentals:

Site Analysis

Land Use and Circulation Design

Visual Form - aesthetics

Climate - adapt to local climate

Controls and Processes of Site Planning

SITE PLANNERS/ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS

deals with structures and the land

concerned with cluster of five or six single-family houses, a single building, or

the layout of a compete small town

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 SITE ORGANIZATION
Influences:

Economic advantages

Growing complexity and interdependence of site facilities

Comprehensively-designed environments

SITE PLAN

graphical depiction showing the layout of a project

must be flexible to allow adaptation/modification

must foresee changes

typically includes:

location

design and specification for roads

streets and parking areas

storm water management systems

wastewater management systems

utilities and other infrastructure

structures

landscaping and common areas

Factors:

end users - human purposes

site context - pre-existing web of things and relationships

Considerations:

collected information during the site assessment

take advantage of the strengths and overcome limitations of the site

storm water management

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

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 arrangement of land, water, plant forms, and structures

deals with land-planning problems

achieve utility (functional and convenient) and beauty

Principal Traditions:

Formal

order, proportion, rational planning and beauty

Informal

irregular, informal, simple

Design Factors:

Scale - sizes of the parts of a building in relation to their purposes and

uses

Unity - different parts of the design must be united in a single harmonious

composition

Proportion - relation of the shapes of the features of a landscape design

to each other

Contrast - adds variety and interest

Color - must be harmonious regardless of materials

Emphasis - center of interest; highlights

Module 2: Parameters of Site Selection

and Analysis

Analysis of Site and Purpose

set realistic purposes to identify limitations

analyze site’s limitation before detailed design

assuming factors and objectives can affect the design

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 objectives:

avoid general objectives

should be as concrete as possible; include solutions or how it could be

done

should be complete that it contains all the important criteria

plan should meet the stated objectives

ask the client/end users

Typical Goals

Functional Adequacy

original motives for making a plan

mental run through the motions of the various activities within the new
environment

Optimum communication

goods, persons, and information can circulate easily within their

bounds

stimulus or encouragement of communication while leaving a choice

for privacy

Choice

set a goal of choice

freedom of the users to choose their own habitat, facility, service,

activity, or neighbors

Cost

achieved and maintained at the least cost of labor, material resource,

or organizational effort

economical solution/design

future maintenance should also be considered

Health and Comfort

should contribute to the health, comfort, and survival of users

Adaptability

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 design should be flexible enough to facilitate re-adaptation

uncertainty is the limitation of an adaptable design

future change can occur without destroying the general framework

Image Quality

present a vivid and coherent visual image

meaningful, continuous with its surroundings

Site Analysis

reveals the hidden potentials of the place

depends on the use to which it is to put

a prelude to a successful architecture

Process:

1. General Orientation - history of the site, natural evolution, former use

and associations

2. Data Gathering - topographic map, climatic data, tree survey, land

use, and land classification

3. Base Map Preparation - reflect legal lines, boundaries, easements,

location of utilities, roads, paths, local activities and circulation, water
bodies, etc.

4. Site Visit - get a “feel” for the site by analyzing its character

5. Graphical and Written Statement - describe the essential nature of the

site, basic potentialities and values

Site Factors

Subsurface conditions

practical importance primarily for the way in which the rock and earth
can be excavated, characteristics of drainage, and the manner in
which they will support structural foundation

Surface Characteristics

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 determine the organization of the plan considering the gradient of the
path

Climate and Acoustics

has the basic influence on the entire plan

orientation

shielding or exposure to sun

equipment for cooling and heating

materials

covers

Man-made characteristics

mapping technical facilities in or near the site (roads, power supply,

water supply, disposal system, or communication lines)

public regulations (zoning, subdivision regulations, building codes,

and official maps)

Module 3: Ecological Considerations of

the Site

Ecology

study of the relationship between living organisms including humans and

their physical environment

(architecture) helps humans to create sustainable living through creating

green spaces promoting symbiosis

Symbiotic Relationship

(architecture) an architectural form creating a harmonious relationship

between the structure and its environment

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 mutual benefits

Ecological Considerations of the Site

Ground Form - topography of the site (sloped, flat, etc.)

Soil and Ecological Conditions

Water Resources - water table level, nearest water source

Microclimate

Orientation

Geographical Conditions

Climate

Wind - prevailing cooling breezes of summer, frigid or strong winds of

winter, typhoons or rainy seasons

Effects of Wind in Buildings:

Location of rooms and windows

Location and nature of wind protective elements

Nature of structural elements

Sun - mild and beneficial rays in temperate months, hot & brilliant in
summer, subdued in cold climates

Effects

Location of rooms and windows

Location and nature of wind protective elements

Type of exterior colors

Thickness of exterior decorative elements

Moisture - rain, snow, dry

Effects

Pitch of roof

Nature of wall/window protective elements

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 Type of construction Type of materials

Temperature

Effects

Plan arrangement

Nature of roof and window protective elements

Type of construction

Type of materials

External character of building

Custom & Tradition

Effects:

Form, proportion and elements of buildings

Social Structure - ways of life

Effects:

progressively liberal or skeptically conservative

Geologic Condition

Effects:

type of foundation available

building height

structural system

Seismologic Condition - fault lines are no build zone

Materials Available

Physical Qualities & Conditions of Site

Size of Lot - controls the area / position of the buildings

Shape of Lot

regular - constricted

irregular - more freedom and challenging

Topography/Terrain - level, sloping, rolling

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 amount of grading required, retaining walls, ground water, surface
drainage conditions, building layout, cost of foundations

Orientation

position of the buildings, rooms, windows with respect to comfort

type/position of sun or wind breakers

Location of lot with streets

location of building, service entrance, driveway

landscape development

Direction of Approach from Main Street

position of the buildings entrance

location of lot gate

driveway approach

Existing Features on the Lot

Boundaries

position of the buildings

location of rooms

plan shape

Nature of the bounding street

Location of Utilities or Points of entry to site

Module 4: Social and Psychological Considerations

Site Values and Social Impact

1. Understanding the behavior and perception

2. Socially responsive

2 Ways to become more sensitive on every aspect of behavior and

environment

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 learn from observation and direct consultation with members of
community

become familiar with the general principles

Behavior Settings

two way interaction between human and non0human behavior

environment impact on individual

2 main behavioral variables

1. environment affecting the individual

2. inner condition of the individual

3 human factors to consider in design and planning

1. physical - analysis of average measurements and movements,

growth and development

2. Physiological - human physiological needs: nutritious food, clean

air, adequate and pure water

a. Social Needs - need for social interaction; sociopetal space

b. Stabilizing needs - free from fear, anxiety, and danger; need

for order and organize the environment

c. Individual needs - need of privacy; personal uniqueness in the

environment

d. Self-Expression needs - need of territory, for dominance and

power

User requirement

Anthropometrics - study of human body measurement

Universal design for PWDs - BP 344 (Accessibility Law in the Philippines)

Cultural and Historical Significance

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 Existing Land Use -

Existing Buildings - determines the choices of future architectural

expression

History

history of projects should be investigated

assess structural elements

Socio-Economic Factors

new facilities displace informal settlers

Lina Law (RA 7279) - addresses socio-economic inequity and

provide socialized housing for the poor

Demographic

base of land use planning decisions

population trends

Activity and Communication Linkages

site and its relation to adjacent properties and to the community

linkages involve movement of people, goods, communication, or

amenities

maximum coordination and maximum socio-economic benefit with

minimum disturbances to the environment

Traffic and Transit - existing vehicular networks assessment

Density - number of dwelling units per hectare; PD 957 and BP 220

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a blueprint to achieve a

better and sustainable future for all

developed in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly

intended to be achieved by 2030

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