CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE

❑ A set of steps leading one elevation to a higher (or lower) elevation

may be called stairs.
❑ A set of stairs and its surrounding railings, walls etc. are combinely
knows as staircase

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: ELEMENTS
❑ Tread: Horizontal portion over which foot is placed
❑ Riser: Vertical portion of step that connects the treads
❑ Step: Combination of a riser and a tread
❑ Rise: Vertical height between two successive treads
❑ Flight: Continuous series of steps without any break between two
landings or a landing and the floor
❑ Landing: Horizontal platform between two successive flight
❑ Handrail: Inclined rail provided for comfort and safety of users
❑ Waist slab: RCC slab over which steps are placed
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: ELEMENTS
❑ Tread: Horizontal portion over which foot is placed
❑ Riser: Vertical portion of step that connects the treads
❑ Step: Combination of a riser and a tread
❑ Rise: Vertical height between two successive treads
❑ Flight: Continuous series of steps without any break between two
landings or a landing and the floor
❑ Landing: Horizontal platform between two successive flight
❑ Handrail: Inclined rail provided for comfort and safety of users
❑ Waist slab: RCC slab over which steps are placed
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Design the staircase shown in figure for a live load of 150 psf. Take
/
𝒇𝒄 = 𝟑 𝒌𝒔𝒊 and 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-1: List of given data
Width of tread, T = 10”
Height of riser, R = 6”
Number of treads, n = 10
Let us assume, wall thickness, tW = 10”
Live load, LL = 150 psf
/
Concrete strength, 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟑 𝒌𝒔𝒊
Steel strength 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-2: Span Calculation
Span for 1st flight,
𝑻 𝒕𝒘
𝑳𝟏 = + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑻 + 𝑳𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 +
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
= + 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟐 + = 𝟏𝟒𝟐" = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟑′
𝟐 𝟐
Span for 2nd flight,
𝒕𝒘 𝒕𝒘
𝑳𝟐 = + 𝑳𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 + 𝒏𝑻 + 𝑳𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 +
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
= + 𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎) + 𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟐 + = 𝟏𝟗𝟒" = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟕′
𝟐 𝟐
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-3: Load Calculation
Assume the thickness of waist slab, t = 8”
𝟖
Self weight of waist slab = × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟏𝟐
Load for stepped portion:
𝑻𝟐 +𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐 +𝟔𝟐
i. weight of waist slab in plane = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟐 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝑻 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
ii. Weight of triangular steps = 𝑹 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = × × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟎.𝟓
iii. Weight of 0.5” cement concrete = × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟏𝟐
𝟎.𝟓
iv. Weight of 0.5” cement plaster = × 𝟏𝟐𝟎 = 𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟏𝟐
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-3: Load Calculation
v. Handrail conditional load = 10 psf

Total deal load, DL = i+ii+iii+iv+v = 175.37 psf

Load for landing portion:
i. weight of waist slab = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟎.𝟓
ii. Weight of 0.5” cement concrete = × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟏𝟐
𝟎.𝟓
iii. Weight of 0.5” cement plaster = × 𝟏𝟐𝟎 = 𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇
𝟏𝟐
Total deal load, DL = i+ii+iii = 111.25 psf
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-3: Load Calculation
Design load for stepped portion
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫𝑳 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟕𝟓. 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 𝒑𝒔𝒇
Design load for landing portion
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫𝑳 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟑𝟕𝟑. 𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒇

Considering 1’ strip,
Design load for stepped portion = 450.44 x 1 = 450.44 lb/ft
Design load for stepped portion = 373.5 x 1 = 373.5 lb/ft

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight
Shear force diagram is drawn.
Maximum shear,
𝑽𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟎. 𝟐 𝒍𝒃
Maximum bending moment
will occur at the dangerous
section (midspan) which can
be computed as the area of
SFD upto that point.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟖. 𝟑𝟑
𝑴𝒖 = × 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟎. 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔. 𝟎𝟖 × 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐 + × × 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔. 𝟎𝟖
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Md. Roknuzzaman = 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒍𝒃. 𝒇𝒕 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟕 𝒌𝒊𝒑. 𝒊𝒏
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight
𝒇′𝒄 ∈𝒖 𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝝆 = 𝝆𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × × =0.0163
𝒇𝒚 ∈𝒖 +∈𝒕 𝟓𝟎 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑+𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓
Now,
𝒇𝒚
𝑴𝒖 = 𝝓𝝆𝒇𝒚 𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝝆 ′
𝒇𝒄
𝟓𝟎
→ 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟗 × 0.0163 × 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐 × 𝒅𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗 × 0.0163 ×
𝟑
→ 𝑑 = 4.79”

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ, 𝑑 = 4.79”
available effective depth = t – clear cover – bar radius
5
Available effective depth, d = 8-0.75- = 6.9” [Considering #5 bars]
16
As available effective depth is more that required effective depth, the
assumed thickness is satisfactory.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight
𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝑨𝒔 × 𝟓𝟎
𝒂= ′ = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝑨𝒔
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝒃 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝒖 𝟏𝟔𝟗.𝟓𝟕
Now 𝑨𝒔 = 𝒂 = 𝟏.𝟔𝟑𝑨𝒔
𝝋𝒇𝒚 𝒅− 𝟎.𝟗×𝟓𝟎× 𝟔.𝟗−
𝟐 𝟐
Solving the above equation, 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗 𝒊𝒏𝟐

Distribution reinforcement,
𝑨𝒔𝒅𝒊𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝒃𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗 𝒊𝒏𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 (Okay)

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight
Maximum shear, 𝑉𝑢 = 3340.2 𝑙𝑏
6.9
Critical shear, 𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑 = 3340.2 − 373.5 × = 3125.44 𝑙𝑏
12
Shear resistance of concrete,
𝝋𝑽𝒄 = 2𝜑𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ (𝑝𝑠𝑖)𝑏𝑑 = 2 × 0.75 × 1 × 3000 × 12 × 6.9 = 6802.7 𝑙𝑏
1
𝝋𝑽𝒄 = 3401.4 𝑙𝑏 > 𝑉𝑢𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑.
2

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-4: Design of 2nd flight

Let us consider #5 (16 mm) bars as main reinforcement with 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.31 𝑖𝑛2
Spacing of main reinforcement,
𝑩𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂×𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝟎.𝟑𝟏×𝟏𝟐
𝑺= = = 6.31" ≈ 6.25“ c/c
𝑨𝒔 0.59
Spacing of distribution reinforcement,
𝑩𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 × 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐
𝑺𝒅 = = = 19.6" 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑨𝒔𝒅𝒊𝒔 0.19
consider #3 (10 mm) bars as distribution steel with 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.11 𝑖𝑛2
𝟎. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐
𝑺𝒅 = = 6.95" ≈ 6.75“ c/c
0.19
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-5: Design of 1st flight
Shear force diagram is drawn.
Maximum shear,
𝑽𝒖 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒍𝒃

𝟏
𝑴𝒖 = × 𝟓. 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟏. 𝟒𝟑 𝒍𝒃. 𝒇𝒕 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝒊𝒑. 𝒊𝒏
𝟐
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-5: Design of 1st flight
As the maximum bending moment is lower than that of 2nd flight, depth check will
not be necessary.
𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝑨𝒔
𝑴𝒖 𝟗𝟏.𝟐𝟏
Now 𝑨𝒔 = 𝒂 = 𝟏.𝟔𝟑𝑨𝒔
𝝋𝒇𝒚 𝒅−𝟐 𝟎.𝟗×𝟓𝟎× 𝟔.𝟗− 𝟐
Solving the above equation, 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝟐

Distribution reinforcement, 𝑨𝒔𝒅𝒊𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗 𝒊𝒏𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 (Okay)

As the maximum shear force is lower than that of 2nd flight, shear check will not be
necessary
Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-5: Design of 1st flight

Let us consider #5 (16 mm) bars as main reinforcement with 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.31 𝑖𝑛2
Spacing of main reinforcement,
𝑩𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂×𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝟎.𝟑𝟏×𝟏𝟐
𝑺= = = 12.4" ≈ 12“ c/c
𝑨𝒔 0.𝟑𝟎
consider #3 (10 mm) bars as distribution steel with 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.11 𝑖𝑛2
𝑺𝒅 ≈ 6.75“ c/c as before

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-6: Design of landing beam

Loads: from landing shear, self weight of beam, weight of wall on the beam
Assume a cross section 1st & then design it for flexure and shear as instructed
in beam design chapters.

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-6: Working Diagram

http://i-learn.yolasite.com/resources/stairs-140329031136-
phpapp02.pdf

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

STAIRCASE: DESIGN PRACTICE

❑ Step-6: Working Diagram

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
 CIE-315: Design of Concrete Structures-I

ANY QESTIONS ??

Md. Roknuzzaman
Department of Civil Engineering
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
THANK YOU