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SBA # YY MM DD
5 19 11 21

Title: pH of substances

Aim: To investigate the pH of different substances

Material/Apparatus:
● Hydrochloric acid
● Aqueous ammonia
● Vinegar
● Toothpaste
● Toilet bowl cleaner
● Oven cleaner
● Fizzy drink
● Lemon juice
● Tap water
● Distilled water
● Bleach
● Milk
● Shampoo
● Hand soap
● Baking soda
● Hand sanitizer
● Test tube
● Universal indicator
● Pipette
● pH scale
● Stirring rod
● Spatula

Procedure:
1. 1cm of water was added to certain substances which required it to make a
solution.
2. A few drops of universal indicator were added.
3. The results which were the colour change of the indicator and the pH value
were recorded in a table.

FOR TEACHERS ONLY

SKILLS ASSESSED M/M ORR A/I P/D
MARK OBTAINED
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SBA # YY MM DD
5 19 11 21

Observations/Results:

Substances and its pH values

Substances Tested Color change pH value Interference

Vinegar red 13 strongly acidic

Aqueous ammonia purple 14 strongly alkaline

Toothpaste blue 9 weakly alkaline

Hydrochloric acid red 1 strongly acidic

Baking soda blue 9 weakly alkaline

Fizzy soda red 3 strongly acidic

Tap water blue 9 weakly alkaline

Bleach purple 13 strongly alkaline

Lemon juice red 2 strongly acidic

Windex blue 11 strongly alkaline

Shampoo orange 4 strongly acidic

Milk orange 4 weakly acidic

Distilled water green 7 neutral

Hand sanitizer yellow 6 weakly acidic

Toilet bowl cleaner red 2 strongly acidic

Hand soap orange 4 strongly acidic

Oven cleaner dark blue 12 strongly alkaline

FOR TEACHERS ONLY

SKILLS ASSESSED M/M ORR A/I P/D
MARK OBTAINED
3
SBA # YY MM DD
5 19 11 21

Analysis: Tap water, toothpaste, baking soda, bleach, hydrochloric acid and
aqueous ammonia were all alkaline substances, with different weaknesses and
strengths. Alkalines have a pH value of more than 7 and accept hydrogen ions.
Soda, vinegar, milk, shampoo, hydrochloric acid, lemon juice, hand sanitizer and
hand soap were acidic substances, with different strengths and weaknesses. Acids
have a pH value of less than 7 and they replace hydrogen ions. Distilled water has
a pH value of 7 which is basically neutral. A toilet bowl cleaner makes it an
appropriate cleaning operator in light of the fact that as a cleaning specialist, it is
utilized to separate mineral stains and being acidic makes the process simpler.
Lime juice can be utilized to eliminate lime stains since it has citric acid which
reacts with iron oxide so it may be taken out when scoured.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that toothpaste, tap water and baking soda are
weakly alkalines as their pH values were less than 10. Windex, oven cleaner,
aqueous ammonia and bleach are strong alkalines as their pH values were more
than 10. Milk and hand sanitizer are weakly acidic as their pH values are 4 and 6.
Vinegar, fizzy drink, hand soap, shampoo, hydrochloric acid, toilet bowl cleaner
and lemon juice are strongly acidic as their pH values were less than 4.

Limitations/Precaution/sources of error:
Acids and alkalis are irritants. If they get onto your skin, you must rinse them off.

Reflection: I have learnt that substances can be arranged utilizing a pH scale

dependent on acidity and alkalinity. Substances with a pH estimation of 7 are
supposed to be neutral and neither acidic nor alkaline. On a pH scale, acidic
substances have a pH going from 0 to 6 and alkalines have a pH from 8 to 14.

FOR TEACHERS ONLY

SKILLS ASSESSED M/M ORR A/I P/D
MARK OBTAINED