TESTS to Topic 4 (choose 1 correct answer)

Naimenur korkmaz group6

1. Legitimate factors that contribute to medication errors:
a) being unfamiliar with the drug;
b) the need for advanced drug preparation;
c) failure to recheck a medication before administration;
d) all of the above;
2. What clinical decisions should medical staff (more often nurses) make when
prescribing medication?
a) thorough patient assessment;
b) an understanding of pharmacokinetics;
c) an understanding of growth and development, nutrition, and mathematics;
d) all of the above;
3. According to The Joint Commission (TJC), a medication error is:
a) any preventable event that could lead to the misuse of medicines at home;
b) any preventable event that could lead to the misuse of medicines by the
patient personally without the involvement of health care staff;
c) any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use or
jeopardize patient safety;
4. Medication errors include:
a) inaccurate prescribing;
b) administering the wrong medication, route, and time interval;
c) administering extra doses or failing to administer a medication;
d) all of the above;
5. Pharmacokinetics is?
a) the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, are
metabolized, and exit the body;
b) the study of how medications enter the body and exit the body;
c) is the study of the body's interaction with a disease under the influence of a
particular medicine;
6. Absorption is:
a) is the delivery of drug molecules from the blood to the organs and tissues of
the body;
b) the passage of medication molecules into the blood
from the site of administration;
c) all of the above;
7. Factors that influence the rate of absorption:
a) the administration route, ability of a medication to dissolve;
b) blood flow to the administration site, body surface area;
c) a lipid solubility of a medication;
d) all of the above;
8. Effect of the blood-brain barrier on drug absorption:
a) allows only fat-soluble drugs to penetrate into the brain and cerebrospinal
fluid;
b) allows only water-soluble drugs to penetrate into the brain and cerebrospinal
fluid;
c) allows both water-soluble drugs and fat-soluble drugs to penetrate into the
brain and cerebrospinal fluid;
d) does not affect drug penetration;
9. With which type of plasma protein do most medicines bind when they enter
the bloodstream?
a) albumin;
b) globulins;
c) transferrins;
d) fibrinogen;
10. Pharmacological effect of the medicine on the human body when it binds
to blood proteins:
a) increases;
b) decreases;
c) remains unchanged;
d) it all depends on the way the medicine works;
11. Biotransformation of medicines is:
a) exposure to enzymes that synthesise, concentrate and thereby increase the
effect of medicines on the body;
b) the effects of medicines on the body's enzymes, which lead to new
biologically active chemicals;
c) exposure to enzymes that detoxify, break down and remove biologically
active chemicals from the body;
12. Name the organs in which medicines are biotransformed.
a) the liver; the lungs;
b) the kidneys;
c) the blood, the intestines;
d) all of the above;
13. Older people and people with chronic illnesses:
a) need higher doses of medication;
b) need lower doses of medication;
c) do not need to correct the dose of the medicine they are given;
14. The way (route) in which the medicine is eliminated from the human body
depends on:
a) the presence or absence of chronic illness in the individual person;
b) the chemical makeup of a medication;
c) the activity of the body's enzyme systems in the individual person;
15. A single dose is?
a) the ordered dose of a medicine that a patient receives at one time;
b) the ordered dose of a medicine that a patient receives in one 24-hour period;
c) the ordered dose of a medicine that a patient gets in one visit to the doctor;
16. What is the single-dose system of medication used for?
a) to reduce the number of medication errors in dispensing medications;
b) to save the steps in dispensing medications;
c) all of the above;
17. What are bar-codes used for when handing out medication?
a) to improve the accuracy of patient identification;
b) to correct medication use;
c) to improve medical record keeping;
d) all of the above;
18. In which cases can you safely use household measures of medication
dosage?
a) when the dosage accuracy of a medicine is important (e.g. prescription
medicines);
b) when the dosage accuracy of a medicine is not critical (e.g. non-prescription
medicines);
c) household medication dosing measures can be used in any case;
19. When should only metric equivalents of dosage units of medicines be
used?
a) when the dosage accuracy of a medicine is important (e.g. prescription
medicines);
b) if the accuracy of the dosage of the medicine is not critical (e.g. non-
prescription medicines);
c) metric dosage equivalents are used at the discretion of hospital staff;
20. What measures increase the safety of taking medicines?
a) make sure that the information in the patient record accurately matches the
doctor's prescription and the label on the medicine container;
b) written orders and medication forms should include the patient's name; the
name of the prescribed medicine; dosage, method and frequency of taking the
medicine;
c) if there is any doubt about the medication order, contact a healthcare
professional before administering the medication;
d) all of the above;
21. What are the most common methods of calculating drug dosages?
a) formula;
b) dimensional analysis;
c) all of the above;
 22. Measures to reduce the risk of aspiration during oral medication:
a) help patient to sitting position;
b) use side-lying position if the patient is unable to sit;
c) have patient stay in this position for 30 minutes after administration;
d) all of the above;
23. State the best way to administer bronchodilators, mucolytics and
corticosteroids.
a) tableted;
b) intramuscularly;
c) with a nebulizer;
d) the route of administration of these drugs is irrelevant;