DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A ROTARY SWEEPER

FOR ROUGH SURFACES WITH VACUUM SYSTEM

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Methods of Research 1

JOANNA MARIE Z. BAUTISTA

JETHRO B. GANELO
CARLO J. GAULIT
MA. TERESITA A. ROLDAN
JIMUEL URGELLES
REI ANNE MAE A. VIVARES
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Pavers, paths, and other rough surfaces are a great place for moss, mold, and dirt to

collect. Generally, having a rough surface they are great to catch fine dirt (Commercial Cleaning

Specialists, 2020). Build-up can occur during any wet period or in shady, humid areas and the

slippery paths caused by these build-ups can become a slipping hazard especially on rainy days

(RHS, 2021), making walkways and paths dangerous, so it is encouraged to those with an

external floor to make sure they are taking appropriate steps to maintain it (Oxfordshire

Concrete LTD, 2019). Killing them and removing the stains can also help make the pavement

look pristine again, but the surface will need ongoing maintenance to make sure the moss

doesn't return (Harrington, 2020).

One of the most common method of removing moss, is with the use of a stiff broom or

wire brush (Perrand, 2019) which when done manually can be labor intensive. In order to

reduce strain on the worker, ergonomic principles are employed, including that of the production

of ergonomic tools and equipment. Ergonomics has been driven by an increased emphasis on

worker safety and health. Businesses now want cleaning personnel to use tools that reduce

stress on the body and, in turn, reduce employee time loss due to job-related disabilities. Which

is why designers consider ergonomics when they revamp any tool by designing more

comfortable grips, reducing the weight of the item, and making tools adjustable to different body

types (CleanLink Minute, 2020).

Aside from ergonomics, innovation of cleaning equipment rose to the fact that this is

used to simplify maintenance procedures and boost worker productivity (Carr, 2020). Cleaning

and maintaining are repetitive tasks, so this does not only speed things up, but also introduces

another layer of consistency (Interclean, 2020). Out of this is the rise of mechanized cleaning
equipment which, according to Clean India Journal (2011), can maintain an organized and clean

work environment which provides a strong foundation for quality communication, effective

management, and increased work efficiency of any business. An example of mechanical

cleaning equipment is the rotary machine used for cleaning and polishing hard floors. They are

a versatile floorcare solution that offer outstanding cleaning results and crucially provide high

productivity (Truvox International, 2017). They are also useful for cleaning vast areas and are

essential when it comes to removing hard to budge dirt (Interclean, 2020), especially in

industrial floor surfaces that are hard to clean through usual manual processes (crescent, 2020).

And besides efficiency, according to KARCHER (2020), mechanical cleaning equipment

reduces the risk of contamination via the hands through contact-free cleaning.

In many developed countries, mechanical street sweepers are being used instead of the

manual broom. The majority of sweepers in the United States are mechanical broom sweepers.

These sweepers are effective at picking up wet vegetation, gravel and coarse sand, but are less

efficient at removing fine particles left behind in cracks and uneven pavement (Calvillo et al,

2015).

In the Philippines, the researchers could not find any sources or studies relating to the

use of mechanical cleaning equipment, aside from vacuum cleaners in households and

establishments and the lawn mower on outdoors. As the researchers observed, many Filipinos

still widely use the manual cleaning equipment, even the street cleaners still use the walis

tingting to clean the streets, and the handheld brushes to clean pavements and rough surfaces,

which are time consuming and less efficient. And now, with the consideration to ergonomics, the

researchers aim to design and fabricate a rotary sweeper which will make cleaning more

convenient, starting from rough surfaces, and would aim for its easy usage and can cause

lesser to no strain to workers. They will also employ innovative designs, making the machine

environmentally friendly by making it electrically operated (Dueber, 2014) and cost efficient
without using petrol (Ergon Energy, 2020). And, aside from the fabrication, the researchers will

conduct an actual operation with utility workers, and assess its acceptability and performance.

Background of the Study

Cleaning is an important task that is done at home, schools, factories, and many other

establishments, as well as in public places like roads, parks, and sidewalks. In fact, it should be

done regularly, like once a day or in every few hours. According to Tips and Tricks for

Housekeepers (2021), it is essential to wash floors in public areas every 2-5 hours depending

on what season and the number of guests or visitors. Aside from making everything

presentable, cleanliness can obviously contribute to a hygienic environment, leading to the

prevention of certain diseases that may be present (IMPOFF, 2020), as well as the prevention

of hazards through decluttering tripping hazards or the removal of substances that can cause

slipping hazards.

People everywhere have always carried the concept of being clean and staying clean

that it is already part of their system. Even if some lifestyles do not reach that of the average

neat conscious individual, the need to bathe, to free oneself and their homes from dirt does not

die. In fact, cleaning could be dated back to as far as the ancient times with the Egyptians

valuing the cleanliness in their environment and in themselves, even in their dead, and the

Babylonians’ discovery of the dangers of contaminated water, that it could bring diseases,

hence their value to sanitation, which is one of the reasons why people clean (Sailors, 2021).

And coming with the need to clean, there was the emergence of cleaning products and tools

with plain water as the earliest cleaning product, even back to the prehistoric times (CleanIt

Supply, 2021). There were the first brooms that were just bundles of twigs or discarded straw

tied together with twine, which then evolved into crude broomsticks when people began tying

them at the end of a stick. The first known mention of the mop in the English language (then

spelled “mappe”) can be dated to the 1496, where strips of coarse cloth or yarn made the mop
while handles of multiple patented varieties came much later in the 19 th century. Then, there

were the early vacuum cleaners that were said to be massive that it had to be drawn by horse

from door to door, but in 1907, James Sprangler had the brilliant idea to combine the design of

the carpet sweeper with the mechanics of a vacuum, creating the earliest known version of a

portable vacuum cleaner (Parry, 2017). Eventually, these hardworking tools that help the

cleaner the job done quickly and efficiently (Tidy, 2018), have evolved further throughout the

years. The effectivity of a repetitive task, such as cleaning, could be achieved with the use of

these cleaning products and tools or equipment, hence it was also not spared from the

advancement of technology, for even those that are manually operated have been specialized in

order to quickly and efficiently clean large spaces (Interclean, 2021). These also have risen, not

only for the need to an easier cleaning job, but also for the well-being of the utility worker.

It is said, that humans crave convenience (Koch and Rander, 2019), and with the fast-

growing technology came also the invention of many mechanical cleaning equipment that work

by motors powered by electricity, and more could be expected in the coming future. Perhaps,

the most well-known is the vacuum cleaner that removes dust and crumbs from a surface

through suction. Some of those included in this type of cleaning equipment are the floor

maintenance machine which can scrub, polish, and buff the floors, wet extraction machines that

are used to restore the surface appearance of carpet, upholstery, and curtains, shampooing

machines, power sweeper, and scarifying machines (IHM Notes). Many of these can be found in

industries and establishments, where utility workers tend to clean large areas and they need an

equipment that would help them work more efficiently and safely, and in many developed

countries that even their streets are being cleaned by mechanical sweepers.

Many mechanical cleaning equipment are still being created and used today in many

different forms (Duplex, 2016). There are even many further studies that are being made for the

fabrication of such equipment that would suit their environment and needs. In a study conducted
by Ghaffar et al. (2018), they created a machine that could clean floors in colleges, hospitals,

auditoriums, malls, and workshops, where it could be useful for wet and dry surfaces. They

made it a very simple construction and with easy operation where anyone can operate it without

prior training. The purpose is to reduce the cleaning time, with it consisting of a moisture cotton

mop, swiping brushes, wipers and a vacuum cleaner, and to make it cheap in a time when such

types of machines, albeit working under different principles, costs so much. In recent years,

floor cleaning machines are getting more popular for cleaning large floor area in minimum time.

However, India, which is a developing country, requires larger type of such machines to satisfy

the cleaning needs.

In consideration to the importance of cleaning to humans, which is why such repetitive

task is one that is also being encompassed within the advancement of technology, and adding

the observations of the researchers when it comes to the wide use of manual cleaning tools in

the country, particularly in their municipality and certain sources in the net, the researchers have

come up with the project of designing a rotary sweeper that would aid utility workers, or any

person in general, to have a more efficient and effective tool on cleaning rough surfaces,

especially one that would be easy to use, to store, and to move, and one that would be

affordable. The researchers also believe that the project would benefit the community in such

that it would become easier for them to get rid of certain hazards, particularly slip-hazards on

paths people usually walk on, and students, as well as future researchers for their own studies

and references, feeding their own new ideas that could lead to future innovations and, might as

well, more cleaning machines that would aid Filipinos on their cleaning needs.

Statement of the Problem

 The study aims to design and fabricate a Rotary Sweeper with Vacuum System that

would enable an efficient and easier way to clean rough surfaces during maintenance tasks.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. How efficient is the Rotary Sweeper with Vacuum System in terms of:

a. Ability to remove mold, mildew, algae, and dirt on surfaces such as brick,

concrete, and paving stones.

b. Speed of collection of dirt, mold, mildew, and algae.

2. What is its acceptability and performance in terms of:

a. Safety

b. Ease of operation

c. Maintenance

d. Design

Objective of the Study

General objective

This study aims to design and fabricate a Rotary Sweeper for rough surfaces and

validate its acceptability in terms of the set parameters.

Specific objectives

 To fabricate a rotary sweeper with vacuum in order to reduce the burden as well as time

needed to clean rough surfaces such as bricks pavement, hallway, driveway etc.

 To evaluate and assess the acceptability and performance of the machine using a

survey questionnaire to the respondents in terms of the parameters set by the

researchers such as; safety, ease of operation and maintenance, design, and

performance.
  To assess the result of the survey questionnaire about the acceptability and

performance of the machine using Likert Scale.

Significance of the Study

This study will be of great benefit to the following sectors of the society.

Students: It will give and provide them ideas to further think of the other useful functions of

rotary sweeper.

Future researchers: This will help them provide necessary information and useful ideas for

their research project related to this study.

Utility workers: It would be efficient for them to clean rough surfaces making their job easy.

Community: Pathways covered with algae are causing some accidents. Removing them with

this device would make roads even safer.

Scope and Delimitations

This study presents the design and analysis of the acceptability and performance of a rotary

sweeper with vacuum mechanism which primary focus is to clean rough surfaces particularly

bricks pavement, hallway and drive way etc. It will also be light weight for easier storage,

handling, and portability, and able to efficiently clean the rough surfaces.

In order to avoid failure or damage to the design we are delimiting it from using in a flooring

that has too much crater and muddy. Walls and ceilings are not also included due to its design

which only aims to clean floorings. To also ensure that this design will not be able to damage
certain objects due to abrasion we are delimiting it to use from smooth surfaces such as tiles,

marbles and other similar floorings.

Definition of Terms

This presents all the unfamiliar or uncommon words in the study. It is categorized into

two, one is dictionary meaning and the other one is defined the way it is used in the study.

Terminologies Conceptual Operational

Suction The act or process of To pull dirt from the ground

removing the air, water, and into the dust container

dirt from a space to pull

something into the space

(Merriam Dictionary)

Rotary Turning around a central It is a movement of the

point like a wheel (Merriam sweeper in a circular motion

Dictionary)

Fabrication To make or build something Making a new designed

(Merriam Dictionary) rotary sweeper

Rough Surfaces Uneven, covered with scrub Target area to be cleaned

and boulders (Merriam

Dictionary)

Moss/mossy A small flowerless green Slippery causing plant that

plant needs to be removed along

the road
 (Google app)

Mechanical Sweeper Characterized by a rotating A moving sweeper to clean

cylindrical broom to flick dirt dirt or dust

and debris (Google app)

Torque Measure of force that can A force needed to run and

cause an object to rotate rotate the shaft

(Merriam Dictionary)

Vacuum Device that causes suction to One attached to the rotary

remove dirt (Google sweeper and collects

application) removed dust caused by a

moving roller brush

End Notes

Commercial Cleaning Specialists (2020). PRESSURE CLEANING PAVERS. Retrieved from

https://cleanupcrewcleaners.com.au/cleaning-services/pavement-cleaning

RHS (2021). ALGAE, LICHENS, LIVERWORTS, AND MOSS ON HARD SURFACES.

Retrieved from https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?pid=418

Oxfordshire Concrete LTD (2019). HOW TO GET RID OF MOSS ON CONCRETE. Retrieved

from https://www.oxfordshireconcrete.co.uk/how-to-get-rid-of-moss-on concrete/?

fbclid=IwAR1BTi8SuSwynJWa2eqMuqS7FWsqWX9CVLAEa_gZ9gh05lVFcfTnPuCTBPw

Harrington, J. (2020). HOW TO KILL MOSS ON PAVEMENT. Retrieved from

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/kill-moss-pavement-56951.html

Perrand, C. (2019). WHAT METHODS ARE THERE TO REMOVING OR PREVENTING MOSS

ON YOUR ROOF. https://nextlevelwindowcleaning.com/what-methods-are-there-to-removing-

or-preventing-moss-your-roof/

CleanLink Minute (2020). ERGONOMIC HAND TOOLS.

https://www.cleanlink.com/cleanlinkminute/details.aspx?id=22223

Carr, D. (2020). 3 PIECES OF INNOVATIVE CLEANING EQUIPMENT YOU NEED TO KNOW

ABOUT IN 2021. Retrieved from https://www.ebpsupply.com/blog/innovative-cleaning-

equipment
Interclean (2020). 4 INNOVATIONS SET TO TRANSFORM INDUSTRIAL CLEANING.

Retrieved from https://www.intercleanshow.com/news/innovation/4-industrial-cleaning-

innovations/

Clean India Journal (2011). INNOVATION IN CLEANING EQUIPMENT – REDUCING COST –

INCREASING PERFORMANCE. Retrieved from https://www.cleanindiajournal.com/innovation-

in-cleaning-equipment/

Truvox International (2017). ROTARY MACHINES – HOW THEY FIT INTO FLOOR CARE.

Retrieved from https://www.truvox.com/news/rotary-machines-how-they-fit-into-floorcare

Interclean (2020). WHAT IS CLEANING EQUIPMENT? Retrieved from

https://www.intercleanshow.com/news/sustainability/cleaning-equipment/

Crescent (2020). KEY ADVANTAGES OF FLOOR CLEANING MACHINES. Retrieved from

https://www.crescentindustrial.co.uk/key-advantages-of-floor-cleaning-machines/

KARCHER (2020). FLOOR CLEANING: MECHANICAL CLEANING AND DISINFECTION

WITH SCRUBBER DRYERS. Retrieved from

https://www.kaercher.com/ca/inside-kaercher/newsroom/kaercher-stories/cleaning-and-hygiene-

in-times-of-coronavirus/floor-cleaning-advantages-of-mechanical-cleaning.html

Duplex (2016). LIST OF CLEANING EQUIPMENTS USED FOR HOUSEKEEPING. Retrieved

from https://www.duplexcleaning.com.au/blog/list-of-cleaning-equipment-used-for-

housekeeping.html

Ghaffar et al. (2018). A RESEARCH PAPER ON “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOR

CLEANING MACHINE”. Retrieved from

http://www.ijaerd.com/papers/special_papers/NCSOSET33.pdf
Calvillo et al. (2015). STREET DUST: IMPLICATIONS FOR STORMWATER AND AIR

QUALITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT THROUGH STREET SWEEPING.

Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267815452_Street_Dust_Implications_for_Stormwater

_and_Air_Quality_and_Environmental_Management_Through_Street_Sweeping

Dueber, R. (2014). WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES. Retrieved

from https://www.audiologyonline.com/ask-the-experts/what-benefits-rechargeable-batteries-or-

12966?

fbclid=IwAR07VaO_uco9FwrORIlXkx34D7xWu4JSBcEBGKQTzkyISHGvg65D1W9kQo8#:~:text

=Rechargeable%20technology%20gives%20wearers%20the,basis%20or%20carry%20spare

%20batteries

Ergon Energy (2020). BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES. Retrieved from

https://www.ergon.com.au/network/smarter-energy/electric-vehicles/benefits-of-electric-

vehicles?fbclid=IwAR3MIcKKNmdgz9l5zSP_ebE_-

dHcduK9fyNftjIKASdH2sUABVQuX9u4L7c#:~:text=Cheaper%20to%20run,or%20at%20free

%20charging%20stations

Tips and Tricks for Housekeepers (2021). THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEANING PUBLIC

AREAS. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/tipsandtricksforhousekeepers/the-

importance-of-cleaning-public-areas

IMPOFF (2020). UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEANLINESS. Retrieved from

https://impoff.com/importance-of-cleanliness/

Sailors, M. (2021). THE INCREDIBLE HISTORY OF CLEANING. Retrieved from

https://maidsailors.com/blog/incredible-history-cleaning/
CleanIt Supply (2021). EVOLUTION OF CLEANING PRODUCTS. Retrieved from

https://www.cleanitsupply.com/t/history_of_cleaning_products.aspx

Parry, E. (2017). THE EVOLUTION OF CLEANING – THE HISTORY BEHIND 7 COMMON

CLEANING TOOLS. Retrieved from https://servicemarket.com/en/blog/history-behind-cleaning-

tools

Tidy (2018). 5 MUST-HAVE CLEANING TOOLS FOR EVERY HOME. Retrieved from

https://www.tidy.com/blog/5-must-have-cleaning-tools-for-every-home

Interclean (2021). WHAT IS CLEANING EQUIPMENT. Retrieved from

https://www.intercleanshow.com/news/sustainability/cleaning-equipment/

Koch, C. and Rander, M. (2019). HUMAN BEHAVIOR, TURNED UP TO 11. Retrieved from

https://news.sap.com/2019/03/human-behavior-turned-up/

IHM Notes. CLEANING EQUIPMENT. Retrieved from

https://www.ihmnotes.in/assets/Docs/Sem-1/AO/Cleaning%20Equipment.pdf
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents and discusses different related literature and studies that are

closely related to the present research. It includes detailed reviews which aids in identifying the

research gaps and helps in the comprehension of the study. Furthermore, the information in this

chapter is intended and sought to support this research study and lead the researchers in

developing and innovating a Filipino made street sweepers.

Review of Related Literature

Tornado Mop 360

A spin mop includes a spiral drive mechanism and a mop head. The spiral drive

mechanism includes an upper rod, a sleeve axially secured on the upper rod, a stopper secured

in the sleeve, two thread rolling plates positioned in the upper rod, a guide block, lower rod

axially inserted in the upper rod, and a follower secured on top end of the lower rod.

It gives how tornado mop 360 is going to work and how it is assembled. It is related to

the proposed research project for it has resemblance of this research paper. The researchers

will make use of a guide block also and plates. However, they are different in terms of the
design, how it will be powered, and its target area to clean. The present invention relates to a

spiral drive mechanism and a spin mop using the same and more particularly to a spiral drive

mechanism which can be innovated, fabricated, and a Filipino made cleaning material. It is

intended for rapid, efficient, and cost-effective manner.

Street Dust: Implication for Storm water and Air Quality, and Environmental Management

Through Street Sweeping

Most modern street sweepers fall into one of three categories: mechanical, vacuum, and

regenerative air. The majority of sweepers in the United States are mechanical broom sweepers

(Schilling, 2005). These sweepers remove debris with large rotary brush fitted at the rear of the

sweeper that directs collected material onto a conveyor. This conveyor leads to the hopper,

were collected materials are stored until disposal. Mechanical sweepers are effective at picking

up wet vegetation, gravel and coarse sand, but are less efficient at removing fine particles left

behind in cracks and uneven pavement. In a sense, mechanical sweepers may actually

contribute to storm related pollution, because the rotary action of the broom breaks down large

particle to smaller ones.

Street cleaning has been recognized and its necessity is continually being addressed by

many countries and agencies. For instance, Brinkman (2001) took emphasis on how the daily

sweeping of streets regards the concerns toward the local environment with the impacts of

storm water runoff. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2012) also considered it

essential for storm water management and considered street cleaning to be a best management

practice. For these reasons, many different strategies and technologies are now available and

are continually being developed to aid in most efficient and effective street cleaning methods,

including flushing, mechanical broom, vacuum, and regenerative air systems. Furthermore,

another recognizable benefit of street cleaning is its utility in improving ambient air quality which

is increasingly being studied (Amato et al, 2010). And since the study is concerned with
cleaning, particularly rough surfaces that are present outdoors, especially on the streets, it is

also its purpose to collect, critically review, and summarize available data regarding the

effectiveness and the necessity of street cleaning in various areas, not only for the benefit of the

persons that are at the advantage, but also of the local environment. It is also within these

backdrops that the need for further improvement of cleaning methods will be addressed.

Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper

For the study to achieve its objectives and get its desired outcome, a review of the

effectiveness and shortcomings of various sweeper types will have to be addressed. For

instance, the effectiveness of the rotary brush sweepers in removing particular chemicals from

the streets from the tests made by Tobin and Brinkmann (2002) will be critically reviewed for the

information offered by it may be used as a very valuable reference that would most likely allow

the researchers an idea on how to further develop the functions of their study. Another is the

problem faced by the regular broom system. It may have been doing some good, but the

inability to vacuum up the small particles that are embedded into the streets may actually

contribute to air pollution with the remaining dirt turning into dust particles and spreading into the

air (Kirkham, 2010). Another sweeping machine has been studied by Kirkham, and the same

problem regarding its inability to clean what is due, but just most of it, has been emphasized. It

is looking into these information that the researchers may know what to deal with and focused

on while doing their own study and what problems to watch out for and what further innovations

are needed for the rotary sweeper.

Moss Removal Machine

Due to the air pollution caused by the designs of the sweeping machines, the plan was

to minimize the dirt that’s adding up to the air and maximize its use with lesser dead times and

more work from one location to another. Along with it as well, Talend (2012) planned on
minimizing the excessive use of machine in unnecessary manner and time management. Since

the short comings of the design according to Talend, the researchers made a much more

efficient design where the pollution will be lessened since the rotary brush will be vertical and

the dirt and moss as well will be sucked immediately because there’s a vacuum attached to the

dust pan, that’s why there are only small chances for the dirt to scatter.

Manually driven platform cleaning machine, which provides the basic needs of cleaning

very large floor areas such as railways, platforms, hospitals, malls and many investments have

been made for the same. In recent times, Indian Railways have purchased platform rider

scrubbers and platform cleaning machines from various companies to ensure hygiene. Due to

absence of electricity at bus stand, railway platforms and other commercial places, the

automatic cleaning machine is suitable in every condition (Kumar, et al 2019). And with the

evolution of our world in different aspects, engines included, Indian railways purchased a

platform rider scrubbers and platform cleaning machines from various companies to ensure

engine. But, there are few locations that do not have the capacity or access to electricity such

as bus stands, railway platforms and other commercial establishment. Many platforms’ purpose

is to provide basic cleaning needs and targets huge floor areas given places like railways,

hospitals, malls and many establishments that require a huge number of people to be able to

sweep said areas. Along the line of the researchers design the multipurpose road cleaning

machine has a wide range of application, all kinds of roads are considered eminently rough

surfaces such as parking lots, pavements and path walks. Keeping these factors in mind the

design and fabrication of a rechargeable rotary sweeper for rough surfaces, a model was

designed. This machine not just includes debris but the removal and collection of moss as well,

that is formed on the concrete or interlocked pavements.

RELATED STUDIES
Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper
 The lawn garbage sweeper adopted the dust-cleaning type, which combines the

characteristics of pure sweep type and pure suction type sweepers, during, operation, the motor

drove the cleaning roller to rotate, and the garbage was smashed to a certain height by the

mechanical kinetic energy of the roller brush. At the same time, the dust suction device on the

inside of the enclosure was driven by the AC motor to form a partial vacuum, which was used to

vacuum and help to get into the garbage (Meng et.al 2019)

This study’s main purpose is to clean. The two studies will just be different in terms of

the materials that will be used and its design. This existing study was designed with a more

bulky frame and heavier. Moreover, the project to be created will be designed

According to Meng (2019) Cleaning and conveying part is divided into cleaning,

vacuuming and conveying system. The roller brush and garbage conveyor are the main

actuators of the sweeper. They are responsible for the final cleaning task and the transfer task

of the garbage.

This is another one difference from the study mentioned above. The study was divided

into three mechanisms. On the other hand, this proposed project has only cleaning and suction

working process.

Rotary Brush Sweeper with Mechanism for Brush Height Adjustment

It would be desirable to provide a height adjustment mechanism for a rotary brush that is

simple in construction and inexpensive to manufacture. A further object of the invention is to

provide a rotary brush sweeper having a height adjustment mechanism for the rotary brush that

is easy and convenient to another object of the invention is to provide a rotary brush sweeper

having a brush height adjustment mechanism which includes an easily viewable indicator of

what height the brush has been set. These and further objects of the invention are attained in a

rotary brush sweeper which includes a pivotable brush support assembly.

 The brush support assembly includes a pair of spaced support members having

respective, outwardly facing, annular mounting surfaces. The brush support assembly supports

the rotary brush with the brush axis in an offset position relative to a central axis passing

through the spaced support members.

Accordingly, pivotal movement of the brush support assembly about the central axis

raises or lowers the rotary brush with respect to the central axis. The rotary brush sweeper

further includes a housing having a pair of inwardly facing annular mounting surfaces for

respectively receiving the pair of outwardly facing annular mounting surfaces of the pivotable

brush support.

This study has a plate-like rotary object which is aimed for cleaning. It is designed to be

pivotable for height adjustments. Interpreting it, this project can also clean walls and adjust its

height depending on the surface to be cleaned.

Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Eco- Friendly Cleaning Machine

The machine is run by a human effort or a man power. The system is fixed with pair of

wheels which are connected with the help of shaft. The shaft makes the wheels connected to

one and other. The wheels are moved for a desired position with a help of manual force which

can handle is provided to move. The handle can be adjusted for a required height and provided

three adjusting holes for it. A chain drive is connected to the wheels and gear at both sides. The

chain is moved according to the wheel and gear. the brush moving opposite direction of the

wheels move and the brush brooms the waste present on the road also it dumps the waste into

the waste collecting box. The waste collecting box is removed to dump the waste into desired

places.

This research study is related for it also has cleaning purposes. The difference of this

study from the proposed research is that, it is driven manually while the proposed one is

electrically. They also both made use of roller brush as the main remover of dirt from the

ground. The design is also an apparent difference from one another.

Design and Construction Street Sweeping Machine

This machine simulates the traditional method of sweeping public places using brooms

and parker. The bristles, Teflon and mild steel were subjected to various manufacturing

processes and techniques. The machine was powered by a portable gasoline engine using a

direct drive. Sprocket and chain arrangement transmitted the power to the Teflon drum for the

required sweeping action. The results of the performance tests carried out showed that the

machine sweeping efficiency increased with the increase in the energy input and speed. The

comparison between the developed mechanical street sweepers and hand- held broom

sweeping on street, parks, market and major roads, showed significant improvement in time

taken, swept area, output energy and their corresponding efficiencies.

Additionally, it is an age long practice of cleaning garbage, refuse, dirt, dust, rubbish and

unwanted materials away from our environments so as to make our immediate environment

attractive and adorning to look and to prevent diseases [Prichard 2009]. Every home has some

sort of broom or other sweeping products that are used to clean up our houses, backyards,

farms and just almost any place. It is interestingly to know that the various kinds of brooms that

we are using today evolved from something that has been here for a really long time, long or

short brooms were usually used to sweep markets, parks, rooms, passages, corridors and

streets but recently, the culture of housekeeping has been extended to our major roads and

streets with the advent of street sweeping machines. (Aluko, 2011)

This research study is inspired by sweeping the street manually, thinking that it would

consume a lot of time cleaning the road they constructed one that is more efficient way of

collecting garbage on the street. In contrast of this research study from the proposed one is, the

target area to be cleaned are not dirt on rough surfaces like dust and mosses.

SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE OF THE ART

 The foregoing related literature and studies gathered and reviewed by the researchers

provided them with baseline information and fruitful insights and contributed to the

conceptualization to the present study.

The literature presented gives the readers an idea about the different sweeping

machines as well as rotary sweeper’s availability in the market globally. Since there are only

minimal resources that are available locally, the researchers will develop a new design of a

rotary sweeper that can be used on rough surfaces that are especially hard to clean these days.

The study also includes the discussions about the standards that should be complied by

different cleaning industry not just in the country but also by international cleaning industry

situated outside the country.

From the DC Motor, it is a rotary electrical motor that converts direct current energy into

mechanical energy, A DC motor’s speed can be controlled over wide range, using either a

variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings.

From the Rotating Shaft, the motor is connected with the rotating shaft of the horizontal

cleaning handle, and the rotating shaft of the vertical cleaning brush are in transmission

connection through gears. The cleaning machine is adopted with DC as power source, which is

convenient to use and has the functions of dust and moss gathering, collecting and eliminating.

And the vacuum to collect immediately the gathered moss, dirt and other debris.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers came up of an idea of designing and fabricating a rotary sweeper which

can be used to clean rough surfaces. One good environment is having a pleasing and safe

surface for all where there is no dirt or moss that can cause accidents for vehicles and humans
just crossing or walking on a mossy road. The concepts of this study will be focusing in its input,

process, and output, as shown in the figure below.

This study is related to other rotary street sweepers, which uses Mechanism Fueled

Engine Motor: it is used to create power and speed from the shaft to make the brush rotate with

a great torque

Input: This is actually the lead of the system. The researchers are about to gather data from the

related literature and studies found in books and internet. Furthermore, the researchers have to

consider the knowledge and ideas to facilitate the study such as Machine Design, Materials in

Engineering and Software knowledge such as Computer Aided Drafting (AutoCAD). They also

need the materials, tools and equipment to construct the fabricated machine.

Process: This is where the concepts and ideas are about to be formulated including the

gathered data, the needed materials, tools and equipment to use for the mechanism of the

machine. Assembling the materials of the machine, analyzing and making some adjustments,

and the testing part to test and evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and performance of the

machine.

Output: The fabricated rotary street sweeper is now expected to run and work efficiently.

However, it does not close its door for improvement, suggestions, and recommendations.
 IDENTIFICATION OF MATERIALS TO BE
USED FOR THE FABRICATION OF ROTARY
SWEEPER

ASSEMEBLING THE PARTS OF ROTARY

SWEEPER AND MAKING ADJUSMENTS

FABRICATED ROTARY BRUSH SWEEPER

 Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Simple DC motor Mechanism
A class of rotary electrical motor that converts direct current energy into mechanical

energy. The most common of types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all

types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to

periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. DC motors were the first form of

motor wildly used, as they could be powered from existing direct current lighting power

distribution systems. A DC motor’s speed can be controlled over wide range, using either a

variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC

motors are used in tools, toys and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current

but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC

motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for

still rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC

motors possible in many applications.

Suction Motor Operation

 It is a motor which takes the electrical power from the power source and converts it into

mechanical power in the form of suction with air flow. The motor in a vacuum cleaner drives the

fans to create the suction. The fans and fan casing are usually installed by the manufacturer

and considered an integral part of the suction motor. The fan or impeller is the disk-shaped

structure with fins that creates the actual suction in a vacuum cleaner. It is always placed

directly onto the shaft of the suction motor so that it spins at a very high speed. Suction is

created by the effects of centrifugal force acting upon the spinning air within the fan. As the fan

rotates, the spinning air moves outward away from the hub creating a partial vacuum which

causes more air to flow into the fan.

With the use of these two principles came from Simple DC Motor and Suction Motor, the

researchers decided to use this as a main propeller of this research. The design and fabrication

of rotary sweeper will make use of the principles from Simple DC Motor to rotate the roller brush

which is intended to remove dirt and dust from rough surfaces. As the definition provided above,

Simple DC Motor is a driving force for many electronic devices and this is one of them.

Moreover, to create innovation and fabrication, the researchers decided to add vacuum

for dust or dirt container which is supported by the principle of Suction Motor. The researchers

will make use of fabricated vacuum so that there is no need for manual collection of the

removed dust on the ground.

SIMPLE DC MOTOR SUCTION MOTOR

 ELECTRIC MOTORS TURN EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL
ELECTRICITY INTO MOTION FORCE ACTING UPON THE
BY EXPLOITING SPINNING AIR WITHIN THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC FAN
INDUCTION

Figure 2.2 Theoretical Framework

End Notes

Calvillo S., Williams ES., Brooks B., (2015). STREET DUST: IMPLICATIONS FOR

STORMWATER AND AIR QUALITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT THROUGH

STREET SWEEPING. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267815452_Street_Dust_Implications_for_Stormwater

_and_Air_Quality_and_Environmental_Management_Through_Streets_Sweeping

Sharma A., (2019). FLOOR GRINDING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, DYNAMICS, GROWTH,

APPLICATION, FLOOR TYPE, END-USE & INDUSTRY RESEARCH REPORT, 2018-2025.

Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332268200_Floor_Grinding_Machine_Market_Size_D

ynamics_Growth_Application_Floor_Type_End-Use_Industry_Research_Report_2018-2025

Meng CY., Sheng YD., (2019). DESIGN OF SMALL LAWN GARBAGE SWEEPER. Retrieved

from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330560290_Design_of_Small_Lawn_Garbage_Sweep

er
Kumar J., Noronha NJ., Athikari D., (2019) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i6/IRJET-

V6I6269.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiB5cvf_o3vAhXIxYsBHftCBIIQFjARegQIFxAC&usg=AOvVaw0QTO

Jhpe3s7KrAoFsvRER

Smith Equipment and Supply Company, (2019) A BRIEF HISTORY ON STREET

SWEEPERS. Retrieved from https://smith-equipment.com/a-brief-history-on-street-sweepers/

Praveen H., Gowda H., Ramageri A., Kallammanavar A., Kulkarni P., Kallihal G., (2018)

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE ECO- FRIENDLY CLEANING MACHINE.

Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332876521_Design_and_Fabrication_of_Multipurpose

_Eco-Friendly_Cleaning_Machine/link/5cd0137092851c4eab8631b4/download

Kasali AA., Akeem A., (2020) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A STREET SWEEPING

MACHINE. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343362545_DESIGN_AND_CONSTRUCTION_OF_A

_STREET_SWEEPING_MACHINE/link/5f40b2d3458515b7293ddc54/download
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the process on how the machine is constructed in order to attain

the objectives of the study. This chapter will also present the project design, project

development, design calculations, and the operation and testing procedure, as well as the

evaluation procedure.

Project Design

This design started upon the researchers’ identification of problems present and are

noticeable in their environment, specifically one that concerns the need for a more efficient and

convenient way to execute repetitive tasks such as maintaining the good condition and safety of

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces. This has become the basis of the objectives of

the research, which, in turn, led to the actual design with the use of the proponents’ skills and

knowledge, that were learned and practiced in mechanical engineering.

This project will be developed using the experimental methods of research, wherein the

design and the construction of the rotary sweeper has undergone careful deliberations and

selection of appropriate components and designs. Upon the consideration of the components’
availability, the researchers discovered that many of them can be found in the market, which will

also enable them to calculate and identify the budget needed. The parts are computed which

will be paramounted upon its construction. Steps will be developed for the construction and

installation of the individual parts, and its operation will be done in a proper way that is

instructional.

Project Development

The project development shows the design calculations, illustration of the machine with

its labeled parts, dimensions, and simulated model, as well as the work breakdown structure

and the proponents’ planning and scheduling of activities leading to the construction of the

design.

Design Calculations:

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:

Required power:

The power required for cutting moss with the average shear strength 0.01211 N,( Table 3. Stem
diameter and mean mechanical properties³s.e.m. of year 4 stem segments of sympodial and
monopodial H. splendens.)
 Table 3.1 Mechanical Properties of Moss

T =Fr
1m 2 πTN
T =( 0.01211 N ) (.37 mm × ) P=
1000 mm 60

2 πx 2.24035 x 10−6 N−m x 2500 rpm

T =¿2.24035x10−6 N −m P=
60

SF=2 P=5.86522x10−7 KW

−7 1 hp
P=5.86522x10 KWx
0.7457 KW

P=7.865391x10−7 hp x 2

P=1.573078338x10−6

A .3350hp or .5hp drive motor could be used.

Energy of the vacuum’s blade

The vacuum’s blade having diameter of 13.97 cm and .05 cm in thickness the blade is

made of aluminium with a density of 2.7kg/cm3 rotating in a speed of 2500rpm

W
KE= ( vf 2−vo2 ¿
2g

Where;

vo−¿ Initial velocity g −¿ acceleration due to gravity: g=9.81 m/ s2

vf −¿ Final velocity W −¿ weight of the flywheel (W =mg¿

m
ρ= ;
V = At mass of the moss=2.20476344 x
10−4 kg
v
 Volume of the moss-1.065103111 x 10−6 m3

Where; weight of the moss-2.162872935 x 10−6 kN

ρ – Density of the flywheel Work or force need to lift a moss in height of .5 meters

m – Mass of the flywheel W=2.162872935 x 10−6 kN x .5m= 1.081436467 x 10−6 kJ

W=mg =(20.6922kg x 9.81 m/s 2)

W=202.995

202.995
KE= (5.820083 xm/s2 −02 ¿
2(9.81)

KE=0.35055KJ

F 0.35055 KJ =22.881853kPa
Pressure= = 2
A .01532 m

Isometric Drawing
Figure 3.2 Rotary Sweeper Isometric Drawing and Parts

Figure 3.3 Frame Dimensions

Figure 3.4 Handle Dimensions

Figure 3.5 VACUUM’S FAN

BLADE Dimensions
Figure 3.6 ROTARY BRUSH Dimensions

Figure 3.7 VACUUM’S TUBE Dimensions

 Figure 3.8 VACUUM FRAME Dimensions

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3.9 Circuit Diagram

Simulated Model:

ISOMETRIC VIEW SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW

BACK VIEW TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

Figure 3.10 Simulated Model

Work Breakdown Structure:

Work Breakdown Structure (Targets and Indicator)

TARGET DURATION (NUMBER INDICATIONS (EXPECTED

OF DAYS) OUTPUT)

1. Title Proposal 6 Written based on format

2. Objective of the Study 3 Written based on format

3. Significance of the 3 Written based on format

Study

4. Scope and Delimitation 4 Written based on format

5. Review of Related 11 Written based on format

Literature and Studies

6. Introduction 3 Written based on format

7. Definition of Terms 2 Written based on format

8. Conceptual Framework 4 Written based on format

9. Design and 8 Done based on reference

Calculations

11. Canvassing of 11 Cost effective material were

Materials considered

Tabe 3.2 Work Breakdown Structure (Targets and Indicator)

Work Breakdown Structure (Time Dimension)

TARGETS DURATION EARLIEST DATE LATEST DATE

(no. of days)

1. Title Proposal 6 17-March-21 23-March-21

2. Objective of the Study 3 18-March-21 20-March-21

3. Significance of the 3 19-March-21 21-March-21

Study

4. Scope and 4 18-March-21 21-March-21

Delimitation

5. Review of Related 11 6-April-21 16-April-21

Literature and Studies

6. Introduction 3 17-March-21 19-March-21

7. Definition of Terms 2 7-April-21 8-April-21

8. Conceptual 4 13-April-21 16-April-21

Framework

9.Design and 8 9-April-21 16-April-21

Calculations

11. Canvassing of 11 16-March-21 8-April-21

Materials

Table 3.3 Work Breakdown Structure (Time Dimension)

Gantt Chart:

Table 3.4 Gantt Chart

Table of Specifications:

Materials and Supplies Needed

No. Quantity Unit Specification Unit Price Total Price
1 1 Pc 24V, 920 920
10.41Ah, 1HP
Motor
2 1 Pc SPTT Rocker 45 45
Switch
3 1 Box E6013 130 130
Welding Rod
4 1 Ft Metal Sheet 100 100

5 1 Ft 2’x8’ Flat 300 300

Sheet
6 1 Ft 10ft Steel 300 300
Tube
7 4 Pcs Caster Wheel 89 356
8 4 Ft 6ft Flat Bar 75 300
9 1 1 set Boltz and 100 100
Nuts
10 2 M Flat Cord 20 40
11 2 M 18 AWG 10 20
12 1 Pc 24V Suction 800 800
Motor
13 14 Pcs Tube brush 60 840
TOTAL: Php 4251
Table 3.5 Table of Specifications and Budgetary Requirements
List of Tools and Equipment:

Tools Needed
No Quantity Unit Specification Remarks
1 2 pc Pliers Frequently Used
2 1 pc Combination Frequently Used
Wrench
3 1 pc Marker Frequently Used
4 1 pc L square Frequently Used
5 1 pc Steel Rule Frequently Used
6 6 pc Welding Mask Frequently Used
7 1 pc Welding Gloves Frequently Used
8 1 pc Safety Googles Frequently Used
9 1 pc Sheet Cutter Frequently Used
10 1 pc Vise Grip Frequently Used
Table 3.6 Tools Needed
Equipment Needed
No Quantity Unit Specification Remarks
1 1 pc Welding Frequently Used
Machine
2 1 pc Drill Press Frequently Used
3 1 pc Grinding Frequently Used
Machine
Table 3.7 Equipment Needed

Organizational Chart:
 Figure 3.11 Organizational Chart

Duties and Responsibilities

Designation Duties and Responsibilities Remarks

Formulate logical ways to accomplish the

Well
Project Leader objectives of the study and supervise the
Accomplished
fabrication process

Keep a record of all necessary Well

Secretary
documentations including purchase receipts Accomplished

Administrative Prepare the project report and other clerical Well

Staff aspects of the study Accomplished

Spearhead the fabrication of the machine and

Well
Technical Staff ensure the availability of needed tools and
Accomplished
equipment.
 Table 3.7 Duties and Responsibilities

Total Budgetary Requirement:

Materials and Supplies Php 4,251.00

Labor Php 17,249.00

Faire Php 1,000.00

Unexpected Expenses Php 2,500.00

TOTAL Php 25,000.00

Table 3.8 Total Budgetary Requirements

Operation Procedure

Before operation, check all parts of the machine such as attachment of motor,

attachment of machine covers, and attachment of rotating shaft to avoid any accident. If

there is a problem on the machine, fix it before operation to avoid any further problem

and to avoid accidents. After fixing the problem on the machine, the operator can start

the operation.

During operation, the following procedure needs to be followed in order to avoid

accidents and machine's failure, and also to secure the safety of the operator.

1. Plug the machine to the switch (alternating current) before turning it 'ON' and

let it run for about 3-4 seconds before using in order to attain the maximum

speed.

2. Do not use it in a place with rocks, mud, or with visible craters to avoid brush

and motor failure.

3. Do not put your hands near the motor while the machine is running.
 4. Remove the collected waste from the trash collector after using.

After operation, turn off the motor and plug out from the power source to collect

the gathered waste.

Testing Procedure

Actual testing should be done by the respondents which is the utility workers of

Camarines Norte State College. The 46 respondents are grouped into 5 in order to

minimize the testing process and to let them all participate in operating the Rotary

Sweeper for rough surfaces.

Before conducting a test on the machine, prepare all the testing materials such

as; recording tools, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – gloves and aprons.

Before testing, the respondents need to wear their Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) for their safety. Check the entire system to see if all components of the machine

are functioning well before plugging and turning on the motor. As the motor starts, let

the system run for about 3-4 seconds before using in order to reach the maximum

speed. Do not use the machine in a rocky, muddy or area with visible craters to avoid

machine failure. During testing, every event should be recorded for data gathering.

After testing, turnoff the motor and plug out from the source before collecting the

trash gathered. Since there are five (5) groups to test the machine, the machine should

be cleaned and checked before the next group operate. After all of the groups finished

testing the machine, the researchers will give them the survey questionnaires to

evaluate the capability and performance of the machine.

Evaluation Procedure
 This research is designed using experimental method under the quantitative research

which is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing

statistical, mathematical, or computation techniques. Since the main purpose of this study is to

evaluate the capability and performance of the machine, using survey questionnaire that will be

given to the respondents which are the utility worker of Camarines Norte State College to

evaluate the machine. The table below shows the survey questionnaire to evaluate the set

parameters for the capability and performance of the machine. There are five (5) categories to

rate the capability and performance of the machine these are; 5 - Strongly Agree, 4 – Agree, 3 –

Neutral, 2 – Disagree and 1 – Strongly Disagree

Survey Questionnaire
5 – Strongly Agree, 4 – Agree, 3 – Neutral, 2 – Disagree, 1 – Strongly Disagree

QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1

1. The machine is easy to understand and easy to

operate (properly labelled).

2. The machine is safe to operate (brush, motor, and

electrical wirings are properly covered).

3. Use of standard parts.

4. Ease of maintenance.

5. Ergonomically correct (the height of the handle and

the operation of the machine reduces strain to the

worker)

6. The motor is powerful enough to remove moss,

algae, and hard to budge dirt and stains from

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

7. The brush is durable enough to remove moss,

 algae, and hard to budge dirt and stains from

pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

8. The vacuum is effective enough on collecting the

removed moss, algae, and hard to budge dirt.

9. Public acceptance (Aesthetically pleasing)

10. The machine is efficient in cleaning pavements,

         
pathways, and other rough surfaces.

11. The machine remains in good condition after

conducting actual operation.

12. The machine is durable enough to last for years.

The researchers would use the Likert Scale to evaluate the responses obtained through

the survey questionnaire. The Likert Scale is a type of scale that is used in research that makes

use of survey questionnaires that measures respondents’ attitudes towards a certain subject, in

this case the responses upon the operation of the machine. The responses will then be

evaluated by getting the weighted mean of the gathered data and the results will be analyzed

and interpreted to determine the capability and performance of the machine and to determine if

the set parameters are answered.

Weighted Mean = 5f1 + 4f2 + 3f3 + 2f2 + 1f1

f 5 + f4 + f 3 + f2 + f 1

Where:

f1 = number of respondents rated for number 5 rating

f2 = number of respondents rated for number 4 rating
f3 = number of respondents rated for number 3 rating
f4 = number of respondents rated for number 2 rating
 The acceptability, capability, and performance of the machine will be determined by

evaluating the result using the table below, specifically if the result of the survey questionnaires

meets the set parameters. There are five (5) categories in evaluating the result, these are; Very

Acceptable, Acceptable, Moderately Acceptable, Unacceptable, Very Unacceptable.

Table 3.13: Questionnaire Remarks (Likert Scale)

RATING RANGE REMARKS

4.21-5.00 Very Acceptable

3.41-4.20 Acceptable

2.61-3.40 Moderately Acceptable

1.81-2.60 Unacceptable

1.00-1.80 Very Unacceptable