CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the first parts of this research, such as the introduction

where the problem is introduced, the background of the study, the statement of the

problem, the objectives of the study, the significance, and the scope and limitations.

1.1. Introduction

Pavers, paths, and other rough surfaces are a great place for moss, mold, and dirt

to collect. Generally, having a rough surface they are great to catch fine dirt

(Commercial Cleaning Specialists, 2020). Build-up can occur during any wet period or

in shady, humid areas and the slippery paths caused by these build-ups can become a

slipping hazard especially on rainy days (RHS, 2021), making walkways and paths

dangerous, so it is encouraged to those with an external floor to make sure they are taking

appropriate steps to maintain it (Oxfordshire Concrete LTD, 2019). Killing them and

removing the stains can also help make the pavement look pristine again, but the surface

will need ongoing maintenance to make sure the moss doesn't return (Harrington, 2020).

One of the most common methods of removing moss, is with the use of a stiff

broom or wire brush (Perrand, 2019) which when done manually can be labor intensive.

In order to reduce strain on the worker, ergonomic principles are employed, including

that of the production of ergonomic tools and equipment. Ergonomics has been driven by

an increased emphasis on worker safety and health. Businesses now want cleaning

personnel to use tools that reduce stress on the body and, in turn, reduce employee time

loss due to job-related disabilities. Which is why designers consider ergonomics when

1
they revamp any tool by designing more comfortable grips, reducing the weight of the

item, and making tools adjustable to different body types (CleanLink Minute, 2020).

Aside from ergonomics, innovation of cleaning equipment rose to the fact that

this is used to simplify maintenance procedures and boost worker productivity (Carr,

2020). Cleaning and maintaining are repetitive tasks, so this does not only speed things

up, but also introduces another layer of consistency (Interclean, 2020). Out of this is the

rise of mechanized cleaning equipment which, according to Clean India Journal (2011),

can maintain an organized and clean work environment which provides a strong

foundation for quality communication, effective management, and increased work

efficiency of any business. An example of mechanical cleaning equipment is the rotary

machine used for cleaning and polishing hard floors. They are a versatile floorcare

solution that offer outstanding cleaning results and crucially provide high productivity

(Truvox International, 2017). They are also useful for cleaning vast areas and are

essential when it comes to removing hard to budge dirt (Interclean, 2020), especially in

industrial floor surfaces that are hard to clean through usual manual processes (Crescent,

2020). And besides efficiency, according to KARCHER (2020), mechanical cleaning

equipment reduces the risk of contamination via the hands through contact-free cleaning.

In many developed countries, mechanical street sweepers are being used instead

of the manual broom. The majority of sweepers in the United States are mechanical

broom sweepers. These sweepers are effective at picking up wet vegetation, gravel and

coarse sand, but are less efficient at removing fine particles left behind in cracks and

uneven pavement (Calvillo et al, 2015).

2
 In the Philippines, the researchers could not find any sources or studies relating to

the use of mechanical cleaning equipment, aside from vacuum cleaners in households and

establishments and the lawn mowers on outdoor. As the researchers observed, many

Filipinos still widely use the manual cleaning equipment, even the street cleaners still use

the walis tingting to clean the streets, and the handheld brushes to clean pavements and

rough surfaces, which are time consuming and less efficient. And now, with the

consideration to ergonomics, the researchers aim to design and fabricate a rotary sweeper

which will make cleaning more convenient, starting from rough surfaces, and would aim

for its easy usage and can cause lesser to no strain to workers. They will also employ

innovative designs, making the machine environmentally friendly by making it

electrically operated (Dueber, 2014) and cost efficient without using petrol (Ergon

Energy, 2020). And, aside from the fabrication, the researchers will conduct an actual

operation with utility workers, and assess its acceptability and performance.

1.2. Background of the Study

Cleaning is an important task that is done at home, schools, factories, and many

other establishments, as well as in public places like roads, parks, and sidewalks. In fact,

it should be done regularly, like once a day or every few hours. According to Tips and

Tricks for Housekeepers (2021), it is essential to wash floors in public areas every 2-5

hours depending on what season and the number of guests or visitors. Aside from making

everything presentable, cleanliness can obviously contribute to a hygienic environment,

leading to the prevention of certain diseases that may be present (IMPOFF, 2020), as

3
well as the prevention of hazards through decluttering tripping hazards or the removal of

substances that can cause slipping hazards.

People everywhere have always carried the concept of being clean and staying

clean that it is already part of their system. Even if some lifestyles do not reach that of the

average neat conscious individual, the need to bathe, to free oneself and their homes from

dirt does not die. In fact, cleaning could be dated back to as far as the ancient times with

the Egyptians valuing the cleanliness in their environment and in themselves, even in

their dead, and the Babylonians’ discovery of the dangers of contaminated water, that it

could bring diseases, hence their value to sanitation, which is one of the reasons why

people clean (Sailors, 2021). And coming with the need to clean, there was the

emergence of cleaning products and tools with plain water as the earliest cleaning

product, even back to the prehistoric times (Clean It Supply, 2021). There were the first

brooms that were just bundles of twigs or discarded straw tied together with twine, which

then evolved into crude broomsticks when people began tying them at the end of a stick.

The first known mention of the mop in the English language (then spelled “mappe”) can

be dated to 1496, where strips of coarse cloth or yarn made the mop while handles of

multiple patented varieties came much later in the 19th century. Then, there were the early

vacuum cleaners that were said to be massive that it had to be drawn by horse from door

to door, but in 1907, James Sprangler had the brilliant idea to combine the design of the

carpet sweeper with the mechanics of a vacuum, creating the earliest known version of a

portable vacuum cleaner (Parry, 2017). Eventually, these hard working tools help clean

the job done quickly and efficiently (Tidy, 2018), and have evolved further throughout

the years. The effectivity of a repetitive task, such as cleaning, could be achieved with the

4
use of these cleaning products and tools or equipment, hence it was also not spared from

the advancement of technology, for even those that are manually operated have been

specialized in order to quickly and efficiently clean large spaces (Interclean, 2021).

These also have risen, not only for the need for an easier cleaning job, but also for the

well-being of the utility worker.

It is said that humans crave convenience (Koch and Rander, 2019), and with the

fast-growing technology came also the invention of many mechanical cleaning equipment

that work by motors powered by electricity, and more could be expected in the coming

future. Perhaps, the most well-known is the vacuum cleaner that removes dust and

crumbs from a surface through suction. Some of those included in this type of cleaning

equipment are the floor maintenance machine which can scrub, polish, and buff the

floors, wet extraction machines that are used to restore the surface appearance of carpet,

upholstery, and curtains, shampooing machines, power sweeper, and scarifying machines

(IHM Notes). Many of these can be found in industries and establishments, where utility

workers tend to clean large areas and they need equipment that would help them work

more efficiently and safely, and in many developed countries that even their streets are

being cleaned by mechanical sweepers.

Many mechanical cleaning equipment are still being created and used today in

many different forms (Duplex, 2016). There are even many further studies that are being

made for the fabrication of such equipment that would suit their environment and needs.

In a study conducted by Ghaffar et al. (2018), they created a machine that could clean

floors in colleges, hospitals, auditoriums, malls, and workshops, where it could be useful

for wet and dry surfaces. They made it a very simple construction and with easy

5
operation where anyone can operate it without prior training. The purpose is to reduce the

cleaning time, with it consisting of a moisture cotton mop, sweeping brushes, wipers and

a vacuum cleaner, and to make it cheap in a time when such types of machines, albeit

working under different principles, costs so much. In recent years, floor cleaning

machines are getting more popular for cleaning large floor areas in minimum time.

However, India, which is a developing country, requires larger types of such machines to

satisfy the cleaning needs.

In consideration to the importance of cleaning to humans, which is why such

repetitive task is one that is also being encompassed within the advancement of

technology, and adding the observations of the researchers when it comes to the wide use

of manual cleaning tools in the country, particularly in their municipality and certain

sources in the net, the researchers have come up with the project of designing a rotary

sweeper that would aid utility workers, or any person in general, to have a more efficient

and effective tool on cleaning rough surfaces, especially one that would be easy to use, to

store, and to move, and one that would be affordable. The researchers also believe that

the project would benefit the community in such that it would become easier for them to

get rid of certain hazards, particularly slip-hazards on paths people usually walk on, and

students, as well as future researchers for their own studies and references, feeding their

own new ideas that could lead to future innovations and, might as well, more cleaning

machines that would aid Filipinos on their cleaning needs.

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1.3. Statement of the Problem

The study aims to design and fabricate a Rotary Sweeper with Vacuum System

that would enable an efficient and easier way to clean rough surfaces during maintenance

tasks. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effectiveness of the rotary sweeper in terms of the following;

a. Quality of cleaning the given area in terms of its appearance.

b. Time-saving over manual cleaning of rough surfaces.

2. What is its acceptability and performance in terms of:

a. Safety

b. Ease of operation

c. Maintenance

d. Design

1.4. Objective of the Study

1.4.1. General objective

This study aims to design and fabricate a Rotary Sweeper for rough surfaces with

Vacuum System and validate its acceptability in terms of the set parameters.

1.4.2 Specific objectives

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 ● To fabricate a rotary sweeper with vacuum in order to reduce the burden as

well as time needed to clean rough surfaces such as bricks pavement, hallway,

and driveway.

● To evaluate and assess the acceptability and performance of the machine

using a survey questionnaire to the respondents in terms of the parameters set

by the researchers such as; safety, ease of operation and maintenance, design,

and performance.

● To assess the result of the survey questionnaire about the acceptability and

performance of the machine using Likert Scale.

1.5. Significance of the Study

This study will be of great benefit to the following sectors of the society.

● Students - It will give and provide them ideas to further think of the other useful

functions of rotary sweeper.

● Future Researchers - This will help them provide necessary information and

useful ideas for their research project related to this study.

● Utility workers - It would be efficient for them to clean rough surfaces making

their job easy.

● Community - Pathways covered with moss are causing some accidents.

Removing them with this device would make roads even safer.

1.6. Scope and Limitations

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 This study presents the design and analysis and the acceptability and performance of

a rotary sweeper with vacuum mechanism which primary focus is to clean rough surfaces

particularly bricks pavement, hallway and driveway. And since it is electrically operated,

it is to be used in a place where there is an electrical outlet nearby and, most preferably,

with an extension cord to provide portability.

In order to avoid failure or damage to the design we are delimiting it from using in a

flooring that has too much crater and is wet and muddy. Walls and ceilings are not also

included due to its design which only aims to clean floorings. To also ensure that this

design will not be able to damage certain objects due to abrasion we are delimiting it to

use from smooth surfaces such as tiles, marbles and other similar floorings.

9
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents and discusses different related literature and studies that are

closely related to the present research. It includes detailed reviews which aids in

identifying the research gaps and helps in the comprehension of the study. Furthermore,

the information in this chapter is intended and sought to support this research study and

lead the researchers in developing and innovating a Filipino made street sweeper.

2.1. Review of Related Literature

2.1.1. Tornado Mop 360

A spin mop includes a spiral drive mechanism and a mop head. The spiral

drive mechanism includes an upper rod, a sleeve axially secured on the upper rod,

a stopper secured in the sleeve, two thread rolling plates positioned in the upper

rod, a guide block, lower rod axially inserted in the upper rod, and a follower

secured on top end of the lower rod.

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 It gives how tornado mop 360 is going to work and how it is assembled. It

is related to the proposed research project for it has resemblance to this research

paper. The researchers will make use of a guide block also and plates. However,

they are different in terms of the design, how it will be powered, and its target

area to clean. The present inventions relates to a spiral drive mechanism and a

spin mop using the same and more particularly to a spiral drive mechanism which

can be innovated, fabricated, and a Filipino made cleaning material. It is intended

for rapid, efficient, and cost-effective manners.

2.1.2. Street Dust: Implication for Storm water and Air Quality, and

Environmental Management through Street Sweeping

Most modern street sweepers fall into one of three categories: mechanical,

vacuum, and regenerative air. The majority of sweepers in the United States are

mechanical broom sweepers (Schilling, 2005). These sweepers remove debris

with a large rotary brush fitted at the rear of the sweeper that directs collected

material onto a conveyor. This conveyor leads to the hopper, where collected

materials are stored until disposal. Mechanical sweepers are effective at picking

up wet vegetation, gravel and coarse sand, but are less efficient at removing fine

particles left behind in cracks and uneven pavement. In a sense, mechanical

sweepers may actually contribute to storm related pollution, because the rotary

action of the broom breaks down large particles to smaller ones.

Street cleaning has been recognized and its necessity is continually being

addressed by many countries and agencies. For instance, Brinkman (2001) took

emphasis on how the daily sweeping of streets regards the concerns toward the

11
local environment with the impacts of storm water runoff. The U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (2012) also considered it essential for storm

water management and considered street cleaning to be a best management

practice. For these reasons, many different strategies and technologies are now

available and are continually being developed to aid in most efficient and

effective street cleaning methods, including flushing, mechanical broom, vacuum

and regenerative air systems. Furthermore, another recognizable benefit of street

cleaning is its utility in improving ambient air quality which is increasingly being

studied (Amato et al, 2010). And since the study is concerned with cleaning,

particularly rough surfaces that are present outdoors, especially on the streets, it is

also its purpose to collect, critically review, and summarize available data

regarding the effectiveness and the necessity of street cleaning in various areas,

not only for the benefit of the persons that are at the advantage, but also of the

local environment. It is also within these backdrops that the need for further

improvement of cleaning methods will be addressed.

2.1.3. Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper

For the study to achieve its objectives and get its desired outcome, a

review of the effectiveness and shortcomings of various sweeper types will have

to be addressed. For instance, the effectiveness of the rotary brush sweepers in

removing particular chemicals from the streets from the tests made by Tobin and

Brinkmann (2002) will be critically reviewed for the information offered by it

may be used as a very valuable reference that would most likely allow the

researchers an idea on how to further develop the functions of their study.

12
Another is the problem faced by the regular broom system. It may have been

doing some good, but the inability to vacuum up the small particles that are

embedded into the streets may actually contribute to air pollution with the

remaining dirt turning into dust particles and spreading into the air (Kirkham,

2010). Another sweeping machine has been studied by Kirkham, and the same

problem regarding its inability to clean what is due, but just most of it, has been

emphasized. It is by looking into this information that the researchers may know

what to deal with and focus on while doing their own study and what problems to

watch out for and what further innovations are needed for the rotary sweeper.

2.1.4. Moss Removal Machine

Due to the air pollution caused by the designs of the sweeping machines,

the plan was to minimize the dirt that’s adding up to the air and maximize its use

with lesser dead times and more work from one location to another. Along with it

as well, Talend (2012) planned on minimizing the excessive use of machines in

unnecessary manner and time management. Since the shortcomings of the design

according to Talend, the researchers made a much more efficient design where the

pollution will be lessened since the rotary brush will be vertical and the dirt and

moss as well will be sucked immediately because there’s a vacuum attached to the

dust pan, that’s why there are only small chances for the dirt to scatter.

Manually driven platform cleaning machines which provide the basic

needs of cleaning very large floor areas such as railways, platforms, hospitals,

malls and many investments have been made for the same. In recent times, Indian

Railways have purchased platform rider scrubbers and platform cleaning

13
 machines from various companies to ensure hygiene. Due to absence of electricity

at bus stands, railway platforms and other commercial places, the automatic

cleaning machine is suitable in every condition (Kumar, et al 2019). And with

the evolution of our world in different aspects, engines included, Indian railways

purchased platform rider scrubbers and platform cleaning machines from various

companies to ensure the engine. But, there are few locations that do not have the

capacity or access to electricity such as bus stands, railway platforms and other

commercial establishments. Many platforms’ purpose is to provide basic cleaning

needs and targets huge floor areas given places like railways, hospitals, malls and

many establishments that require a huge number of people to be able to sweep

said areas. Along the lines of the researchers design the multipurpose road

cleaning machine has a wide range of application, all kinds of roads are

considered eminently rough surfaces such as parking lots, pavements and path

walks. Keeping these factors in mind the design and fabrication of a rotary

sweeper for rough surfaces with vacuum systems, a model was designed. This

machine not just includes debris but the removal and collection of moss as well,

that is formed on the concrete or interlock pavements.

2.2. Review of Related Studies

2.2.1. Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper

The lawn garbage sweeper adopted the dust-cleaning type, which

combines the characteristics of pure sweep type and pure suction type sweepers,

during, operation, the motor drove the cleaning roller to rotate, and the garbage

14
was smashed to a certain height by the mechanical kinetic energy of the roller

brush. At the same time, the dust suction device on the inside of the enclosure was

driven by the AC motor to form a partial vacuum, which was used to vacuum and

help to get into the garbage (Meng et.al 2019)

This study’s main purpose is to clean. The two studies will just be

different in terms of the materials that will be used and its design. This existing

study was designed with a more bulky frame and heavier. Moreover, the project

to be created will be designed

According to Meng (2019) Cleaning and conveying part is divided into

cleaning, vacuuming and conveying system. The roller brush and garbage

conveyor are the main actuators of the sweeper. They are responsible for the final

cleaning task and the transfer task of the garbage.

This is another one difference from the study mentioned above. The study

was divided into three mechanisms. On the other hand, this proposed project has

only cleaning and suction working process.

2.2.2. Rotary Brush Sweeper with Mechanism for Brush Height Adjustment

It would be desirable to provide a height adjustment mechanism for a

rotary brush that is simple in construction and inexpensive to manufacture. A

further object of the invention is to provide a rotary brush sweeper having a height

adjustment mechanism for the rotary brush that is easy and convenient to another

object of the invention is to provide a rotary brush sweeper having a brush height

adjustment mechanism which includes an easily viewable indicator of what height

15
the brush has been set. These and further objects of the invention are attained in a

rotary brush sweeper which includes a pivot table brush support assembly.

The brush support assembly includes a pair of spaced support members

having respective, outwardly facing, annular mounting surfaces. The brush

support assembly supports the rotary brush with the brush axis in an offset

position relative to a central axis passing through the spaced support members.

Accordingly, pivotal movement of the brush support assembly about the

central axis raises or lowers the rotary brush with respect to the central axis. The

rotary brush sweeper further includes a housing having a pair of inwardly facing

annular mounting surfaces for respectively receiving the pair of outwardly facing

annular mounting surfaces of the pivot able brush support.

This study has a plate-like rotary object which is aimed for cleaning. It is

pivot able for height adjustments. Interpreting it, this project can also clean walls

and adjust its height depending on the surface to be cleaned.

2.2.3. Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Eco- Friendly Cleaning

Machine

The machine is run by human effort or manpower. The system is fixed

with a pair of wheels which are connected with the help of a shaft. The shaft

makes the wheels connected to one another. The wheels are moved for a desired

position with a help of manual force which can be provided to move. The handle

can be adjusted for a required height and provided three adjusting holes for it. A

chain drive is connected to the wheels and gear at both sides. The chain is moved

according to the wheel and gear. The brush moving in the opposite direction of

16
the wheels moves and the brush brooms the waste present on the road. Also it

dumps the waste into the waste collecting box. The waste collecting box is

removed to dump the waste into desired places.

This research study is related because it also has cleaning purposes. The

difference of this study from the proposed research is that it is driven manually

while the proposed one is electrically. They also both made use of roller brush as

the main remover of dirt from the ground. The design is also an apparent

difference from one another.

2.2.4. Design and Construction Street Sweeping Machine

This machine simulates the traditional method of sweeping public places

using brooms and parkers. The bristles, Teflon and mild steel were subjected to

various manufacturing processes and techniques. The machine was powered by a

portable gasoline engine using a direct drive. Sprocket and chain arrangement

transmitted the power to the Teflon drum for the required sweeping action. The

results of the performance tests carried out showed that the machine sweeping

efficiency increased with the increase in the energy input and speed. The

comparison between the developed mechanical street sweepers and hand- held

broom sweeping on street, parks, market and major roads, showed significant

improvement in time taken, swept area, output energy and their corresponding

efficiencies.

Additionally, it is an age long practice of cleaning garbage, refuse, dirt,

dust, rubbish and unwanted materials away from our environments so as to

make our immediate environment attractive and adorning to look and to prevent

17
 diseases (Prichard 2009). Every home has some sort of broom or other sweeping

products that are used to clean up our houses, backyards, farms and just almost

any place. It is interestingly to know that the various kinds of brooms that we are

using today evolved from something that has been here for a really long time,

long or short brooms were usually used to sweep markets, parks, rooms, passages,

corridors and streets but recently, the culture of housekeeping has been extended

to our major roads and streets with the advent of street sweeping machines.

(Aluko, 2011)

This research study is inspired by sweeping the street manually, thinking

that it would consume a lot of time cleaning the road they constructed, one that is

a more efficient way of collecting garbage on the street. In contrast to this

research study from the proposed one, the target area to be cleaned is not dirt on

rough surfaces like dust and mosses.

2.3. Conceptual Model of the Study

The researchers came up with an idea of designing and fabricating a rotary

sweeper which can be used to clean rough surfaces. One good environment is having a

pleasing and safe surface for all where there is no dirt or moss that can cause accidents

for vehicles and humans just crossing or walking on a mossy road. The concepts of this

study will be focusing on its input, process, and output, as shown in the figure below.

This study is related to other rotary street sweepers, which uses Mechanism

Fueled Engine Motor: it is used to create power and speed from the shaft to make the

brush rotate with a great torque.

18
 The Input, the actual lead of the system. The researchers are about to gather data

from the related literature and studies found in books and the internet. Furthermore, the

researchers have to consider the knowledge and ideas to facilitate the study such as

Machine Design, Materials in Engineering and Software knowledge such as Computer

Aided Drafting (AutoCAD). They also need the materials, tools and equipment to

construct the fabricated machine.

Process, where the concepts and ideas are about to be formulated including the

gathered data, the needed materials, tools and equipment to use for the mechanism of the

machine. Assembling the materials of the machine, analyzing and making some

adjustments, and the testing part to test and evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and

performance of the machine.

Output, the fabricated rotary street sweeper is now expected to run and work

efficiently. However, it does not close its door for improvement, suggestions, and

recommendations.

19
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK
Figure 2.1. Processes for the production of rotary Brush sweeper with Vacuum System

20
 Figure 2.1 shows the processes that the project has to undergo. Firstly, the

researchers have to collect information about the materials that are needed for the

construction of the project.

Secondly, assembling the materials and having trials and errors when it comes to

measurements and specifications. Lastly, the testing of the produced project.

2.4 Definition of Terms

Table 2.1: Used Conceptual and Operational Terms

TERMINOLOGIES CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL

SUCTION The act or process of removing To pull dirt from the ground into
the air, water, and dirt from a the dust container
space to pull something into the
space (Merriam Dictionary)

ROTARY Turning around a central point It is a movement of the sweeper

like a wheel (Merriam Dictionary) in a circular motion

FABRICATION To make or build something Making a new designed rotary

sweeper
(Merriam Dictionary)

ROUGH SURFACES Uneven, covered with scrub and Target area to be cleaned
boulders (Merriam Dictionary)

MOSS/MOSSY A small flowerless green plant Slippery causing plant that needs
to be removed along the road
(Google app)

Mechanical Sweeper Characterized by a rotating A moving sweeper to clean dirt or

dust
cylindrical broom to flick dirt and

debris (Google app)

Torque Measure of force that can cause A force needed to run and rotate

21
 an object to rotate (Merriam the shaft

Dictionary)

Vacuum Device that causes suction to One attached to the rotary

sweeper and collects removed
remove dirt (Google application) dust caused by a moving roller
brush

Table 2.1 presents all the unfamiliar or uncommon words in the study. It is

categorized into two, one is dictionary meaning and the other one is defined the way it is

used in the study.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the process on how the machine is constructed in order to

attain the objectives of the study. This chapter will also present the project design, project

development, design calculations, and the operation and testing procedure, as well as the

evaluation procedure.

3.1. Project Planning

Steps and procedures were followed to make this project study successful. The

schematic diagram shows the flow of activities from planning, designing, preparation of

the materials needed, construction of the device, and up to the testing and evaluation of

the device.

22
3.1.1. Project Concept

This project will be developed using the qualitative research under

descriptive method, wherein, after construction, the effectivity, performance, and

acceptability of the project will be described, assessed, and rated through the

testing and observation of the chosen respondents. The design and the

construction of the rotary sweeper has undergone careful deliberations and

selection of appropriate components and designs.

3.1.2. Different Views/Multiview/Isometric Drawing

The conceptualization and design process the researchers have undergone

opted for an appearance that was then drawn using CAD. Such was one of the

guides of the researchers for the fabrication of the whole machine, along with

several trial and errors. The different views of the machine’s drafted appearance

are shown below.

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Figure 3.1 Front View Figure 3.2 Top View

24
Figure 3.3 Side View

Figure 3.4 Bottom View

25
 Figure 3.5 Isometric View

All figures shown from figure 3.1 to 3.5 are the multiview of the rotary brush

sweeper with vacuum system. The front, top, side, bottom and isometric views are shown

with its respective dimensions.

3.1.3. Block Diagram

The block diagram is made to illustrate the processes the machine does in

order to fulfill its job. First, it should be plugged in and turned on for it to start

working. Once the machine is turned on, the brush will rotate to remove the moss,

mold, algae, or hard to budge dirt in the area to be cleansed. The vacuum will then

suck the removed moss, mold, algae, or hard to budge dirt that will in turn be

transported to the waste bin inside the machine. All of the gathered waste can be

removed from the bin and disposed of to a proper area. And lastly, the emptied

bin can be reinserted for the next cleaning job.

26
 3.1.3. Block Diagram/ Process flow of the Prototype

Plug in/ Turn

on the power.

Brush removes the

moss, mold, algae,
or hard to budge
dirt in the area.

The Vacuum blade

sucking the removed
moss, mold, algae, or
hard to budge dirt

All of the gathered

waste can be removed
from the bin and
dispose to the proper
area.

Emptied bin can

then be reinserted
for another cleaning
job

Figure 3.6 Process Flow of the Prototype

The process flow of the prototype indicates the various operations performed by

the machine. First and foremost, the power must be turned on for the machine to function.

The next step is adjusting the appropriate height of the brush and then it will begin to

operate and remove moss and be sucked by the vacuum immediately. Then all of the

gathered moss and dirt will be remove from the bin after operation.

27
3.2 Project Design
The project design shows the material selection and the corresponding

computation for the selection of materials that is paramount to the construction and the

operation of the whole design.

3.2.1. Materials Selection

The materials used for the parts of the Rotary Sweeper with vacuum

System were selected considering the availability of the materials in the market,

cost and the properties of the materials.

Table 3.1. Selection of Materials and their Specifications

Materials Specification

Motor 24V, 10.41Ah, 1HP Motor

Switch Tactile Push Button Switch

Welding Rod E6013 Welding Rod

Metal Sheet Metal Sheet

Flat Sheet 2’x8’ Flat Sheet

Steel Tube 10ft Steel Tube

Wheels Caster Wheels

Flat Bar 6ft Flat Bar

Bolts and Nuts Bolts and Nuts

Electrical Wire Flat Cord Wire

Electrical Wire 18 AWG

28
 Suction Motor 24V Suction Motor

Brush Rotary brush

Listed from the previous page are the materials and specifications for the

construction of the rotary brush sweeper. Since it is electrically operated, its major

components are electrical wires and motor with its given specifications.

3.2.2. Computation for Selection of Materials

Required power:

The power required for cutting moss with the average shear strength

0.01211 N,( Table 3.2 Stem diameter and mean mechanical properties³s.e.m. of

year 4 stem segments of sympodial and monopodial H. splendens.)

Table 3.2 Mechanical Properties of Moss

The table 3.2. shows the mechanical properties of moss. Now, the target of the

researchers is to get a desired mechanical force to detach the moss on the street or even

29
 on cemented surfaces. The following computations below will show how the produced

project will be able to efficiently remove the moss, algae, and dirt on rough surfaces.

Motor

● The Plate of the brush-19.25cm or .1925m

● Power of motor-1 Hp

● Speed of Motor-1000 rpm

P=2πTN/60 (Power transmission) (Equation 1)

(Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design Ninth Edition by Richard G. Budynas and

J. Keith Nisbett 2008.)

2 πxTx 1000 rpm

746W=
60

(7.123 N−m)
T=
0.1925 m

F=37N

The Brush can produce about 37N force that exceed the allowable shearing force

of the moss since the allowable shearing force of the root of the moss is 0.01211 N base

on the mechanical properties of the root of moss. A 1 Hp drive motor could be used.

Energy of the vacuum’s blade

The vacuum’s blade having diameter of 7.012 cm and .05 cm in thickness the

blade is made of aluminium with a density of 2.7kg/cm3 rotating at a speed of

2500rpm in 1 horsepower motor.

30
Given:

● Mass of the moss=2.20476344 x 10−4kg

● Volume of the moss-1.065103111 x 10−6 m3

● Weight of the moss-2.162872935 x 10−6 N

PE-mgz (Potential Energy) (Equation 2)

(Thermodynamics an engineering approach eighth edition by Yunus A. Cengel

and Michael A. Boles 2015)

Where;

● m-mass

● g-gravitational acceleration

● z-elevation

Energy needed to lift a moss in height of 0.065meters

P=2.1629x 10−6 N x0.065 m= 1.4059 x 10−7 J

P-m/v (Density) (Equation 3)

(Thermodynamics an engineering approach eighth edition by Yunus A. Cengel

and Michael A. Boles 2015)

31
where;

● P-density

● m-mass

● v-volume

kg π
m-pxv =2.7x10−3 ( )(7.012cm 2)(0.05cm) =0.521kg
cm3 4

m 2 2
KE= ( v −v o ) (Kinetic Energy) (Equation 3)
2g f

(Thermodynamics an engineering approach eighth edition by Yunus A. Cengel

and Michael A. Boles 2015)

Where;

● v o- Initial velocity

● v f - Final velocity

vf=w x r (Angular Velocity) (Equation 4)

(Vector Mechanics For Engineers:Statics And Dynamics Eleventh Edition By

Ferdinand P. Beer 2016)

● w – Angular speed rps

● r-radius of the blade

rev rev
v =w x r = 41.667 x 0.3506 m = 14.61
s s

0.521 kg m2
KE= (14.61 −0) = 5.668J
2(9.81) s

32
 The power needed for the vacuum is 1 Hp since it produces 5.668J and it exceed

the energy that will be needed to lift the moss because it just needs 1.4059 x 10−7 J

energy to be lifted.

3.3. Project Development

This part will discuss the progress the researchers achieved through the months of

making this study. It is composed of the Gantt chart, Bill of Materials, and List of Tools

and Equipment.

3.3.1. Gantt Chart

Gantt chart from March 2021 to January 2022

Table 3.3. Gantt chart on March to April, 2021

Table 3.4. Gantt Chart on August to December, 2022

33
 Table 3.5. Gantt Chart on January to April, 2022

The three above tables are the researchers’ schedule of activities. These

keep them updated of what to do next on their project. It is very important to

know your schedule for the progressiveness of the production of their project.

This also prevents them from being late in terms of its submission.

34
3.3.2. Bill of Materials

Table 3.6 Bill of Materials

Quantity Unit Specification Unit Price Total Price

1 Pc 24V, 10.41Ah, 4000 4000

1HP Motor
1 Pc Tactile Push 45 45
Button Switch
1 Box E6013 Welding 130 130
Rod
1 Ft Metal Sheet 100 100

1 Ft 2’x8’ Flat Sheet 300 300

1 Ft 10ft Steel Tube 300 300

4 Pcs Caster Wheel 89 356

4 Ft 6ft Flat Bar 75 300

1 1 set Boltz and Nuts 100 100

2 M Flat Cord 20 40

2 M 18 AWG 10 20

35
 1 Pc 24V Suction 3200 3200
Motor

14 Pcs Rotary brush 60 840

2 Pcs Paint 176 352

2 Pcs Paint Brush 22 44

1 Pcs Thinner 50 50

1 Pcs Extension Cord 200 200

1 Pcs Waste Basket 30 30

TOTAL: Php 10,407.00

The quantity, unit, specifications and pricing of the materials used in this

study are listed in the bill of materials. The data is shown in the table on the

previous page.

3.3.3. List of Tools and Equipment

Table 3.7 Tools Needed

Quantity Units Specification Remarks

2 Pcs Pliers Frequently Used

1 pc Combination Frequently Used
Wrench
1 pc Marker Frequently Used
1 pc L square Frequently Used
1 pc Steel Rule Frequently Used
6 pcs Welding Mask Frequently Used
1 pc Welding Gloves Frequently Used
1 pc Safety Googles Frequently Used

36
 1 pc Sheet Cutter Frequently Used
1 pc Vise Grip Frequently Used
1 pc Welding Machine Frequently Used
1 pc Drill Press Frequently Used
1 pc Grinding Machine Frequently Used

The quantity, unit, specifications of tools, equipment and machine utilized

during the research are included in the tool, equipment, and machine list. Table

3.4 depicts the list of tools, equipment and machines.

3.4. Project Management

This chart shows the board of researchers. More importantly, it shows the

responsibility of each member for the production of this project.

A. Organizational Chart

37
 Figure 3.7 Organizational Chart

Figure 3.3 shows the organizational chart, which shows the board of how the

members are connected and what responsibilities they played during the research process.

The project leader gives instructions and make sure that the project is progressing. The

administrative staff focuses on the technicality within the paper itself and the technical

staff focuses on the specifications and computations on the produced project.

B. Duties and Responsibilities

Table 3.8 Duties and Responsibilities

Designation Duties and Responsibilities Remarks

Project Leader Formulate logical ways to accomplish the Well Accomplished

38
 objectives of the study and supervise the

fabrication process

Keep a record of all necessary

Secretary documentations including purchase Well Accomplished

receipts

Prepare the project report and other clerical

Administrative Staff Well Accomplished
aspects of the study

Spearhead the fabrication of the machine

Technical Staff and ensure the availability of needed tools Well Accomplished

and equipment.

Table 3.9 depicts the roles that the members of the research group played, as well

as the duties and responsibilities that went along with them.

3.4.1. Total Budgetary Requirements

The budgetary requirements includes all costs involved during the research.

39
 Table 3.9 Total Budgetary Requirement.

Materials and Supplies Php 10,407.00

Labor (4 persons) Php 11,093.00

Faire Php 1,000.00

Unexpected Expenses Php 2,500.00

TOTAL Php 25,000.00

Table 3.10 shows the budgeted miscellaneous expenses which include the fees on

labor and other expenses, fare expenses, and emergency fund with its estimated price.

3.5. Fabrication of the Project

The fabrication of the project is done in two phases, the first 50 per cent of the

project focused on the internal and working parts, such as the motors, vacuum, brush, and

wirings, and the other 50 percent focused on the external parts of the project, such as the

casings, the frame, protective coverings, and the over-all outward appearance of the

project.

Phase 1: Internal Parts (50%)

The process for the fabrication of the internal parts is enumerated as follows:

40
1. An initial layout is prepared as a guide for which components to install and where to

install them.

2. Available internal components that can already be bought in the market, such as the 1

Hp motor for the rotary brush, the vacuum motor, the tactile push button switch, the

electrical components, and the brush are first acquired. The vacuum motor is taken from

an already existing vacuum machine.

3. An initial frame is fabricated in order to determine the actual placing of the

components. Further adjustments are then made during the process of testing the machine

in order to see if it is working.

Figure 3.8 The Initial Frame of the Project

4. The rotary brush is attached to the 1 Hp motor and the vacuum motor is placed on top

of the waste collector.

41
5. Electrical components are arranged and connected according to the circuit diagram

below:

Figure 3.9 Circuit Diagram

6. Test runs are done for further adjustments that may be needed.

Phase 2: External Parts (100%)

The process for the fabrication of the external parts are enumerated as follows:

1. With the internal parts already assembled, it is now time for the fabrication of the final

frame, casing, and protective coverings to hold the machine together and to ensure the

safety of the user.

2. The frame is made with metal bars and flat sheets, cut and shaped and welded together.

3. Wheels are welded under the machine to allow for portability.

4. An adjuster is made for the brush to adjust its pressure on the area to be cleansed and

to allow portability especially when the brush is all the way up. The adjuster is then

welded securely on the frame.

42
 Clockwise
Direction :
Brush-Up

Clockwise
Direction :
Brush-Up

Figure 3.10 The Adjuster

5. Electrical wirings and components are well secured on the frame without changing the

circuit diagram shown.

6. Test runs are done to ensure the working of the machine as the external components

are installed.

Figure 3.11 The Final Appearance of the Project

43
3.6. Operation and Testing Procedure
Before operation, check all parts of the machine such as attachment of motor,

attachment of machine covers, and attachment of rotating shaft to avoid any accident. If

there is a problem on the machine, fix it before operation to avoid any further problem

and to avoid accidents. After fixing the problem on the machine, the operator can start the

operation.

During operation, the following procedure needs to be followed in order to avoid

accidents and machine's failure, and also to ensure the safety of the operator.

1. Plug the machine to the outlet before turning it 'ON' and let it run for about 3-

4 seconds before using in order to attain the maximum speed.

2. Do not use it in a place with rocks, mud, or with visible craters to avoid brush

and motor failure.

3. Do not put your hands near the motor while the machine is running.

4. Remove the collected waste from the trash collector after using.

After operation, turn off the motor and plug out from the power source to collect

the gathered wastes.

Actual testing is done by the researchers and respondents and is documented

through pictures and video recording. A user manual and informative video was also

provide to the respondents showing the machine components, the safety precautions, the

actual operation, and the supposed result after the testing was done. A survey

questionnaire was then given to them in which they evaluate the project based on their

knowledge and observations.

44
 Before conducting the test on the rotary sweeper with vacuum, prepare the testing

materials such as recording tools and the extension cord. Check the entire system to see if

all components of the machine are functioning well before plugging and turning on the

motor. As the motor starts, let the system run for about 3-4 seconds before using in order

to reach the maximum speed. Do not use the machine in a rocky, muddy or area with

visible craters to avoid machine failure. During testing, every event should be recorded

for data gathering.

After testing, turn off the motor and plug out from the source before collecting the

trash gathered. The machine should be cleaned and checked before storing.

3.7. Evaluation Procedure

This research is designed using qualitative research and a descriptive method.

Since the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a rotary sweeper with vacuum system

to clean rough surfaces and rate its effectivity and validate its performance and

acceptability, the researchers decided to test the machine in different trials with the

presence of respondents with the right knowledge, understanding, and experience within

the field in which the research was done to provide more accuracy. The researchers

decided to use different trials, on different surfaces, to create different outputs that will be

used in the descriptive method of evaluation. Moreover, different trials tend to create

diverse outcomes that can be used in obtaining the best-desired result that will be the

basis for the effectiveness, acceptability, and performance of the device.

45
 A survey questionnaire was made as a guide for the respondents to give their

ratings during the testing and through their observations. Their answers will be the basis

for which the project's effectiveness, acceptability, and performance will be known.

Figure 3.12 Respondents Answering Questionnaire Figure 3.13. Respondent Using the Device

Figure 3.14. Initial Demonstration of the Device

46
 Figure 3.15 Measuring the Area to be Cleansed

The four figures show the actual operation of the respondents and researchers in

using the rotary sweeper for rough surfaces with vacuum system, as well as answering

the survey questionnaire and rating its acceptability.

The Survey Questionnaire for the Device

5 – Strongly Agree; 4 – Agree; 3 – Neutral; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree

Table 3.10 Effectiveness of Rotary Sweeper in Terms of Quality and Time-saving

EFFECTIVENESS 5 4 3 2 1
1. The quality of cleaning the given area in terms of its
appearance. (Was there a change in appearance? Was the dirt
reduced?)
2. The time-saving over manual cleaning of rough surfaces.

47
 Table 3.11 Performance of the Rotary Sweeper in Terms of Safety, Ease of Operation,
Maintenance, and Design
A. SAFETY 5 4 3 2 1

1. The machine is safe to operate. (Brush, motor, and electric wirings are properly
covered.

2. Ergonomically correct. The height of the handle and the operation of the machine
reduces strain to the worker.

3. The brush is well-guarded to avoid accidents.

4. Safety precautions are attached and can be well-understood.

B. EASE OF OPERATION

1. The machine is properly labeled and easy to understand.

2. The machine can easily be moved about the area to be cleansed.

3. The machine is comfortable to use and makes the job less tiring.

4. The machine is easy to operate and controlled.

C. MAINTENANCE

1. The machine is easy to polish.

2. The repairing can be easily handled without difficulty.

3. The machine remains in good condition after conducting actual operation.

4. The electrical cords and wirings are in good condition.

5. The equipment parts can be easily replaced when needed.

6. The equipment parts are available in the market and can easily be accessed in case of
replacements.

D. DESIGN

1. The brush is durable enough to remove moss, algae, and hard to budge dirt and
stains from pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

2. The machine is aesthetically pleasing.

3. The machine is efficient in cleaning pavements, pathways, and other rough surfaces.

4. The machine is durable enough to last for years.

The two tables are the survey questionnaires that were divided in two parts for the

respondents to evaluate the rotary brush sweeper with vacuum system. The first

parameter was in terms of its effectiveness to remove moss, dirt, mildew and algae and

48
the second parameter was in Terms of Safety, Ease of Operation, Maintenance, and

Design.

The researchers would use the Likert Scale to evaluate the responses obtained

through the survey questionnaire. The Likert Scale is a type of scale that is used in

research that makes use of survey questionnaires that measures respondents’ attitudes

towards a certain subject, in this case the responses upon the operation of the machine.

The responses will then be evaluated by getting the weighted mean of the gathered data

and the results will be analyzed and interpreted to determine the capability and

performance of the machine and to determine if the set parameters are answered.

Weighted Mean = 5f1 + 4f2 + 3f3 + 2f2 + 1f1

f 5 + f4 + f 3 + f2 + f 1

Where:

49
 The weighted mean formula is used to determine the average rating of all the

respondents. Below is a table that will show the ranges of acceptability, 5 being the

highest and 1 being the lowest. This will also help the researchers determine whether the

produced project is effective and excellently performing.

The acceptability, capability, and performance of the machine will be determined

by evaluating the result using the table below, specifically if the result of the survey

questionnaires meets the set parameters. There are five (5) categories in evaluating the

result, these are; Very Acceptable, Acceptable, Moderately Acceptable, Unacceptable,

Very Unacceptable.

Table 3.12 Questionnaire Remarks (Likert Scale)

RATING RANGE REMARKS

4.21-5.00 Very Acceptable

3.41-4.20 Acceptable

2.61-3.40 Moderately Acceptable

1.81-2.60 Unacceptable

1.00-1.80 Very Unacceptable

Table 3.12 demonstrates the rating range and the corresponding remarks per range.

50
 Chapter 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

This chapter presents the entire date gathered by the researchers during the actual

testing of the machine. It also presents the result and interpretation of the survey of

evaluating the capability of the machine in response to the set parameters.

4.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This study aims to fabricate a rotary sweeper for rough surfaces with vacuum

systems and validate its acceptability. The proposed design should be able to perform its

functions as a machine in reducing the burden as well as time needed to clean rough

surfaces. Since this study is designed using a qualitative research and descriptive method,

the acceptability of the machine will be assessed through survey questionnaires covering

all the parameters; these are – effectiveness, acceptability and performance of the

machine. The survey questionnaires should be given to the respondents to rate the

capability of the machine in order to determine its acceptability during actual testing and

operation.

Actual testing is done by the researchers and respondents and is documented

through pictures and video recording. A user manual and informative video was also

provided to the respondents showing the machine components, the safety precautions, the

actual operation, and the supposed result after the testing was done. A survey

questionnaire was then given to them in which they evaluate the project based on their

knowledge and observations.

51
4. 2 PROJECT STRUCTURE

This project design was “Rotary Sweeper for Rough Surfaces with Vacuum

System”. The proposed project is composed of five (5) major parts; DC motor, the

rotating shaft, the body, the rotary brush and the vacuum.

The DC motor, rotary electric motor that converts direct current energy into

mechanical energy, the DC motor’s speed can be controlled over a wide range, using

either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field

windings.

The Rotating Shaft, the motor is connected with the rotating shaft of the

horizontal cleaning handle, and the rotating shafts of the vertical cleaning brush are in

transmission connection through gears.

The body consists of a frame that serves as a skeletal part of the machine, base of

the DC motor, rotary brush, vacuum and the waste collector.

The Rotary brush consists of a wooden plate where the bristles are attached,

packed together very closely that is used to clean a rough surface. The bristle pieces are

rubbed across a rough surface.

The vacuum, an apparatus that removes and cleans rough surfaces by means of

sucking and removing dust, moss, algae, dirt and small particles, and is powered by

electricity.

52
 The DC motor will serve as a driving mechanism in order to operate the machine.

When the switch is ON the motor will then start and drive the vacuum and brush by

means of electricity, the brush which is attached to the body is then connected to the

rotating shaft in order to adjust the brush height to reach the desired surface to clean. The

collected dirt will then be directed to the waste bin.

4.3 PROJECT CAPABILITY AND LIMITATIONS

The proposed project should be able to accommodate cleaning operations. The

performance of the Rotary Sweeper with Vacuum System will help the cleaning industry

in cleaning rough surfaces particularly brick pavements, pathways and driveways. This

machine will serve as Research Extension and maybe useful for future researchers and

Mechanical Engineering students for their Mechanical Engineering Concepts and

Fabrication subject

4.4 PROJECT EVALUATION RESULT

In order to validate the acceptability of the machine, each respondent answered

the survey questionnaire guided by two parameters – effectiveness, acceptability and

performance of the machine. The table below shows the result of evaluation of the

respondents for the proposed design.

53
 Table 3.13 Survey result under Effectiveness of rotary brush sweeper to remove
moss, mildew and algae

Number Question 1 Question 2

1 3 3
2 3 3
3 3 3
4 3 3
5 3 3
6 3 3
7 3 3
8 2 3
9 3 3
10 3 3
11 2 3
12 3 2
13 2 2
14 3 2
15 3 3
16 3 3
17 3 2
18 3 3
19 3 2
20 3 3
Weighted 2.85 2.75
mean

Table 3.13 shows the result of the survey questionnaire under the second

parameter which is the effectiveness of the machine. With an overall weighted mean of

2.85 in Question 1, it is found that the effectiveness of the rotary sweeper in terms of the

quality of cleaning the given area in terms of its appearance is Moderately Acceptable. It

can be said that, by the respondents’ judgement, there was somewhat a noticeable change

or improvement on the area that was cleansed, but not enough as to provide them the

quality that will abide by their standards of a well-cleansed surface.

54
 On the other hand, Question 2, which focuses on the time-saving over manual

cleaning of rough surfaces, got the overall weighted mean of 2.75 that is also Moderately

Acceptable. It can be said that the respondents found there was a time-saving factor, but

it is not fast enough. The job can be done only moderately faster than the manual means.

Table 3.14 Survey result under Acceptability and Performance

NO QA1 QA QA QA QB QB QB QB QC QC QC QC QD QD QD QD
2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

2 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4

3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4

4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4

7 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4

8 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5

9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4

10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

11 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

12 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 4

13 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5

14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

15 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5

16 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5

17 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3

18 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5

19 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

20 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4

55
 WM 4.65 4.4 4.6 4.45 4.4 4.35 4.4 4.55 4.4 4.25 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.25 4.3 4.45

Table 3.14 shows the result of the survey questionnaire under the second

parameter of the study. Questions A1 to A4, about safety are subjected for the second

parameter of the study – acceptability and performance of the machine. Get the overall

weighted mean of these four questions to determine the level of capability of the

machine. The overall weighted mean is 4.525, from table 3.14, the result of the survey

says that the safety of the machine is Very Acceptable.

Questions B1 to B4, about ease of operation are subjected for the second

parameter which is the acceptability and performance of the machine. Get the overall

weighted mean of these four questions to determine the level of capability of the

machine. The overall weighted mean is 4.425, from table 3.14, the result of the survey

says that the ease of operation of the machine is Very Acceptable.

Questions C1 to C4, about maintenance are subjected for the second parameter

which is the acceptability and performance of the machine. Get the overall weighted

mean of these four questions to determine the level of capability of the machine. The

overall weighted mean is 4.2875, from table 3.14, the result of the survey says that the

maintenance of the machine is Very Acceptable.

Questions D1 to D4, about design are subjected for the second parameter as well

which is the acceptability and performance of the machine. Get the overall weighted

mean of these four questions to determine the level of capability of the machine. The

overall weighted mean is 4.325, from table 3.14, the result of the survey says that the

design of the machine is Very Acceptable

56
 Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings of the study from which the

conclusions were stated. Recommendations were also specified for the improvement of

the machine.

5.2. Conclusion

Upon actual testing of the machine, conclusions are quoted as follows:

1. The size of the wheels makes them strong enough to carry the weight of the whole

machine and allow for the brush to be adjusted at a height suitable for the rough surface

to be cleansed, but adds to the difficulty of moving the machine over surfaces that are not

leveled.

2. The machine is electrically operated, therefore adding to its limitation of being used

only where an electrical outlet is present. And without an available extension cord, the

portability of the machine will be extremely limited.

3. The brush can be so heavy that there is a tendency for the motor to stop if the brush is

adjusted down, lower than it can rotate.

4. The machine can be too big for it to pass at a certain path.

5. The brush can have difficulty in removing stains and deep seated dirt on bricked

surfaces, which can make the job slower and can require multiple runs on the surface for

it to be cleansed.

57
6. The brush can easily remove moss when the machine is operated on a brick or

pavement with a slight weathered soil.

7. The brush has a difficulty in removing moss when the brick or pavement is wet.

6. Many of the removed dirt and moss tend to be thrown away from the machine due to

the brush's rotation, hence the vacuum was not able to collect them.

5.2. Recommendations

1. Install a set of bigger wheels that are strong enough to carry the weight of the whole

machine and allow for the brush to be adjusted at a certain depth to adjust to the

additional height.

2. Make the machine rechargeable so that it can be used even without an electrical outlet

nearby, provided that it is fully charged. This can also limit the cords that can be an

obstacle as the machine is being moved within an area.

3. Opt for a lighter brush that will be flexible on a variety of adjustments.

4. Make the machine smaller and less bulky.

5. Opt for lighter materials to add for portability.

6. Make the handle adjustable to make it more flexible for a variety of people’s heights.

7. Replace the brush with one that has stiffer bristles like a nylon brush.

8. Design a dustpan, preferably that will stop the removed dirt and moss from being

thrown away.

58
9. Lessen the height of the storage of the vacuum to maximize the pressure or suction

force.

10. Modify the suction tube by inserting plastic tube to control and adjust it freely.

59
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