DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SIMULTANEOUS MULTI-

FUNCTIONAL MECHANIZED VACUUM PALAY GRAIN

COLLECTING, RICE MILLING, BAGGING AND SEALING
MACHINE

A Project Study

Will be Presented to the Faculty of the

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering

Technological University of the Philippines Manila

Submitted by:
Banastas, Daniel Mark M.
Aguila, Edelyn A.
Atis, Angelo Carlo T.
Naval, Gretchen R.
Panes, Alp Joram C.
Tana, Marc Jullian C.

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Course Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

 DEDICATION

To Almighty God,

For the strength, wisdom, knowledge and healthy mind and body to live through.

To Our Families, Professors and Friends,

For the never ending love, support and encouragement to finish this study.

And

To all the people who have extended their assistance for the completion of this study.

Our sincerest gratitude.

This work is dedicated to you.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers want to show their sincere gratitude and deepest appreciation to

the following persons who have helped them through this process, who gave their full

support, and assisted the researchers to come up with this study.

They would like to thank their adviser and mentor, Engr. Jorge Yasay, in his help

and wise guidance, constructive criticisms. Through his engineering intuitions this

project has become possible.

The researchers would like to show their deepest gratitude to Engr. Manuel

Europeo, their thesis adviser, for the nurturing support and assistance,

recommendations and words of encouragement. It has always been a privilege to be

one of his students.

They want to extend also their sense of gratitude to the fabricator and the

community of Oriental Mindoro to take advantage of their place to conduct their

machine testing and experimentation.

They also express their special thanks to their family, friends and relatives, who

have always been the source of their inspiration and moral support. This work would not

have been materialized without their financial supports, remarkable encouragements

and great sacrifices.

Above all, to Almighty God, for His never ending blessings and divine
providence.

iii
 ABSTRACT

Rice is the single most important agricultural crop in the Philippines, and is

therefore a major source of income for millions of Filipino farmers  Thus, ultimate

goal of this study was to design and construct a simultaneous multifunction

mechanized palay grain collecting, rice milling bagging and sealing machine that is

economical and socially acceptable

This study was significant endeavour in the improvement of rice production., to

alleviate laborious steps of rice farming and to lessen the manpower,, thus

lowering the cost of labor. In this research experimentation, testing and trials have

been presented. The researchers successfully fabricated a simultaneous

multifunctional mechanized palay grain collecting, rice milling , bagging and sealing

machine which is considered as a new developed machine for rice processing.

The principle and operation of the machine are simultaneously functioning. ,

After the grain dried under the sun were collected using the vacuum powered

suction, then process through a rotary shaft for a one step milling and goes directly

through bagging and sealing. The simultaneous multifunction mechanized palay

grain collecting, rice milling , bagging and sealing machine result output produced

3.987 cavans/hr, has an average collecting capacity of 5kg/min of sun-dried grains

and milling efficiency of 99.38%. This machine was considered as one of a

potentials in the development and modernization of agricultural sector of the

Philippines.
The gathered data were analyzed and concluded as :

1. The fabricated machine functioned accordingly to its purpose and can

be safely operated.

2. The component of the machine put in satisfied the standard capacity

for collecting and milling.

3. The collecting capacity, collecting efficiency, quality of milled rice and

milling efficiency were successfully examined and tested.

4. The machine was functioned and operated productively and

effectively

5. The materials and equipment are economical, durable, commercially

available and easily maintained and operated.

6. The materials, equipment and result of the project have potentials and

could be opened for further development for rice technologies.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Table of Contents vi

List of Figures x

List of Tables xiii

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Background of the Study 2

1.3 Conceptual Framework 4

1.4 Objectives 6

1.5 Significance of the Study 7

1.6 Scope and Delimitation 8

1.7 Definition of Terms 8

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 10

2.1 Related Literature 10

2.1.1 Rice Production in the Philippines 12

2.1.2 Rice Harvesting Process 13

2.1.2.1 Sun Drying 12

2.2.2.2 Rice Milling Process 13

2.2 Related Studies 15

2.2.1 Design, and fabrication and performance evaluation of mobile

engine-driven pneumatic paddy collector 15

2.2.2 Design and Development of a small-engine driven vacuum grain

collecting machine 16

2.2.3 Design and Development of Rice Milling and Grinding Machine

16

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18

3.1. Research Design 18

3.2 Research/Project Development 20

 3.2.1 Preliminary Investigation 20

3.2.2 Conceptualization 20

3.2.3 Design 20

3.2.4 Fabrication and Assembly 21

3.2.5 Testing 22

3.2.6 Evaluation 23

3.3 Instruments and Techniques Used / Instrumentation 23

3.3.1 Parts Description 23

3.3.2 Techniques Used 24

3.4 Gantt Chart 25

3.5 Modifications 25

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27

 4.1 Preliminary Research and Data Gathering 27

4.2 Mechanism and Operation 28

4.3 Operating Procedure 29

4.4 Project Testing and Evaluation 30

4.4.1 Testing 30

4.4.1.1 Stability Tests Results 30

4.4.1.2 Fuel Consumption Results 30

4.4.1.3 Preliminary Data 31

4.4.1.4 Collecting Efficiency 31

4.4.1.5 Milling Efficiency 32

4.5 Project Capabilities and Restrictions 32

Chapter V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

33

5.1 Summary of findings 33

5.2 Conclusions 34
 5.3 Recommendations 34

APPENDICES 36

Appendix A: Design 36

Appendix B: Computation 49

Appendix C: Bill of Materials 53

Appendix D: Pictorial 55

REFERENCES 62

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm 5

Figure 2.1 Rice Production 12

Figure 2.2 Mobile Engine- Driven Pneumatic Paddy Collector 15

Figure 2.3 Small- Engine Driven Vacuum Grain Collecting Machine 16

Figure 2.4 Rice Milling and Grinding Machine 17

Figure 3.1 Research Design 19

Figure 3.2 Design 20

Figure A.1 Initial Design (Isometric View) 37

Figure A.2 Top View 37

Figure A.3 Front View 38

Figure A.4 Right Side View 38

Figure A.5 Final Design (Isometric View) 39

Figure A.6 Top View 39

Figure A.7 Front View 40

Figure A.8 Left Side View 40

Figure A.9 Right Side View 41

Figure A.10 Inside Body of the Machine 41

Figure A.11 Top View 42

Figure A.12 Front View 42

Figure A.13 Left Side View 43

Figure A.14 Right Side View 43

Figure A.15 Dynamo 44

Figure A.16 Rice Milling 44

Figure A.17 Hopper 44

Figure A.18 Hose for the Vacuum 45

Figure A.19 Frame of the Machine 45

Figure A.20 Grain Collector 45

Figure A.21 Cover of the Machine 46

Figure A.22 Vacuum Blade 46

Figure A.23 Sealer 46

Figure A.24 Palay Grain Collecting, Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing

Machine

47

Figure D.1 Dynamo 56

Figure D.2 Vacuum Blade 56

Figure D.3 Screen 56

Figure D.4 3 Diameter Pulley 57

Figure D.5 V-Belt 57

Figure D.6 Motor-Dynamo Assembly 57

Figure D.7 Vacuum 58

Figure D.8 Strainer 58

Figure D.9 Handheld Sewing Machine 58

Figure D.10 Finish Product/ Machine 59

Figure D.11 Sample Milled Rice 59

Figure D.12 Signing of contract with fabricator at Pacia Motor Works 60

Figure D.13 Picture with rice mill proprietor at LA Rice Mill 60

Figure D.14 Picture During Testing Period at LA Rice Mill 60

Figure D.14 Official Receipt 61

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Rice Production 11

Table 2.2 Specifications 15

Table 2.3 Cost 16

Table 3.1 Gantt Chart 25

Table 4.5 Stability Tests Results 30

Table 4.6 Fuel Consumption Results 30

Table 4.7 Preliminary Data 31

Table 4.8 Collecting Efficiency 31

Table 4.9 Milling Efficiency 32

Table C.1 List of Materials used for Body 53

Table C.2 List of Materials Used for Parts 53

Table C.3 Miscellaneous Costs 54

Table C.4 Labor Costs 54

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

Rice production in the Philippines is an important aspect of the country's

food supply and economy. The Philippines is the eighth largest producer of rice in

the world, having produced 19.832 million metric tons of rice in 2015 . Ironically, the

Philippines is also the third largest importer of rice in the world, importing 1.8 million

metric tons of rice in 2015.

Currently, the Philippines is facing different problems especially in the

sector of agriculture. These are some problems the researchers think that need

urgent solutions. One of the problems is reduced farm-labor because due to the fast

industrialization of our country, many people prefer industrialized work instead of

working in the rice field. The other one is expensive and inappropriate farm

equipment for small farmers because our country does not invest that much in

technology considering it is important when it comes to agriculture.

In order to have progress, new mechanisms and process are important.

Some tools and machines are presently used by rice farmers like planting,

harvesting, threshing, drying, milling and other farm-- related machines. Because of

these modern tools the adoption of high yielding varieties, application of inorganic

fertilizer, better crop pest control, water management and other modern technologies

improved farming practices.

1
 The immediate adoption of these new technologies was the result of

greater demand to increase production to cope with the fast growing population of

Filipinos. The adoption of improved production technology increases yield and

likewise gives birth for new challenges on how to produce machine wherein the

farmers and entrepreneurs will be most benefited.

In the light of this development and present practices, it is obvious that

sun drying, collecting and milling will stay as important processes in post-harvest.

The researchers had created awareness of developing their own machine out of

local materials using locally manufacturing technologies and manpower. Owning to

significant development of rice sun drying and milling as a socially accepted

technology and its possibility of development through mechanization. It is for this

reason, the researchers undertake to design, fabricate a simultaneous multifunction

mechanized machine for palay grain collecting, rice milling, bagging and sealing

purposes out of local materials using locally manufacturing technology and

manpower that would help farmers, households, entrepreneurs, rice traders and

millers to contribute to the reduction of losing palay, save time, labor and cost of

collecting , milling and bagging . This also lessened the number of people who will

work on terms of palay grain collecting, rice milling, bagging and sealing because

the project is portable and wheeled - mechanized machine that will be

simultaneously functioning. The one who will hold and operate the machine will be

responsible for all undertakings.

2
1.2 Background of the Study

Rice is a staple food for most Filipinos across the country. It is the most

extensively grown crop in the country, planted in about 30% of the total agricultural

area harvested.

Rice production practices in the Philippines have been continually

changing but still complex and challenging tasks. To work in the rice field is quite

difficult because after planting, harvesting and threshing, farmers need to dry the

palay rice in order to reduce moisture content to a safe level for storage. It is the

most critical operation after harvesting the rice crop.

When rice is harvested, it will contain up to 25% of moisture. High

moisture level during storage can lead to discoloration, encourage development of

molds, and increase the likelihood of attack from pests. It can also decrease the

germination rate of the rice seed. It is important to rice grain as soon as possible

after harvesting – ideally within 24 hours. Delays in drying, incomplete drying or

ineffective drying will reduce grain quality and result in losses.

Sun drying is not a hard task. It is simply spreading out the grains in open

space but collecting these grains is somewhat difficult and laborious. The method in

collecting grains that are sun dried in concrete pavement in all rice farming areas in

the Philippines is very much traditional and makes use of metal scoop. This method

is labor consuming especially when unexpected rainfall comes. Farmers have to

employ more number of people to collect these grains or else, drying process would

be useless, often leads to contamination of the grain with dust and dirt in the

concrete pavement.

3
 In the projected machine , palay grains be collected using the

multifunctional machine then milling will take place. After milling, it will proceed to

bagging and sealing for the purpose of storing.

Hence, the simultaneous multifunctional mechanized and vacuum palay

grain collecting, milling, bagging and sealing machine made of locally available

materials using local manufacturing technology was designed, fabricated and

tested to evaluate its performance in terms of collecting and milling capacity,

collecting and milling efficiency, quality of collected and milled grains and fuel

consumption at different rotational speed of the air-mover shaft.

1.3 Conceptual Framework

The figure below shows the paradigm of the study. The diagram illustrates the

input and process requirement in developing the prototype. The initial research includes

data gathering from books and articles that are uploaded and available in the library and

in the World Wide Web, which serves as the basic input to the conceptualization of the

project study.

4
Knowledge Requirement

 Mechanisms and components Design  Design and

of rice milling machine  Vacuum Fabrication of

 Materials and equipments assembly Simultaneous

needed for fabrication  Milling assembly Multi-

 Background research about  Bagging Functional

Palay Grain assembly Mechanized

Hardware Requirements  Sealing Vacuum Palay

 Strength of materials Fabrication Grain

 Compatibility of the materials  Welding Collecting,

Standards Rice Milling,

 Riveting
Bagging and
 Collecting and milling  Drilling
Sealing
efficiency Testing
Machine
 Quality of milled rice  Quality

Criteria  Efficiency
 Final
 Accurate measurements of Evaluation
Evaluation
parts  Longevity
 Precision of processes
 Safety
involved
INPUT  Functionality
PROCESS OUTPUT

Fig.1.1 Research Paradigm

5
 The conceptual framework, as illustrated in Figure 1.1, shows the different stages

of the process involved in finishing the project study. It is composed of three stages:

input, process, and output.

The input stage consists of the mechanisms, materials, equipments and

standards. It shows the preliminary requirements in proceeding to the fabrication of the

project. It includes the quality of the milled rice and the efficiency of the collecting and

milling process of the Simultaneous Multifunctional Mechanized and Vacuum Palay

Grain Collecting, Rice Milling , Bagging and Sealing Machine.

Prototype design, fabrication and assembly, and testing and improvement are

under the process stage. Finalization of the design was crucial in pushing through the

fabrication. After the fabrication of parts, testing and evaluation of the prototype follows.

Finally, under the output stage, the prototype undergoes different tests and

evaluation which will determine if the objectives mentioned are met.

1.4 Objectives

The main objective of the study was to design and fabricate a Multi-

Functional Mechanized Vacuum Palay grain Collecting, Milling, , Bagging and

Sealing Machine that would aid the farmers’ reduction of labor and other processing

costs. Specifically, it carried out the following sub-objectives:

1. To design the following mechanisms and system components of the

proposed study:

1.1 Palay grain collecting,

1.2 Rice milling,

6
 1.3 Bagging, and

1.4 Sealing.

2. To fabricate or design the system components stated in problem 1.

3. To test the performance of the developed prototype in terms of:

3.1 Collecting capacity,

3.2 Collecting efficiency,

3.3 Milling Efficiency, and

3.4 Quality of grind rice

4. To evaluate the acceptability of the developed prototype/project in

terms of:

4.1 Functionality,

4.2 Safety,

4.3 User friendly, and

4.4 Reliability

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study was significant endeavour in the improvement of rice

production. The farmers, households, community and entrepreneurs related to rice

production and Department of Agriculture in the mechanization of its agricultural

industry were benefited in this study.

This study was designed to alleviate laborious steps of the rice farming

which is collecting the grain after sun drying and to remove the husk and bran

layers, and produce an edible white rice. This study was designed to produce a

7
 good and cost-friendly alternative from conventional collecting, milling ,bagging and

sealing machines. It lessened the manpower needed in processing such grains thus

lowering the cost of labor.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation

The study was limited only after the palay grains were harvested. This machine

was focused in the four processes: collecting, milling, bagging and sealing of rice grain.

It benefited the farmers, households, community and entrepreneurs related to rice

production in a fastest way of collecting palay grains in the concrete pavement in terms

of milling. Rice milling is process of converting palay grains into rice grains.

This machine was also used in bagging and sealing the sack. The container

installed in the machine holds 25 kilograms but the weighing scale was also applied to

know the required weight of the rice grain that will be sealed.. The attached sealing

machine is not integrated with control systems.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Grain – It is a small, hard, dry and edible seed of the plant.

Grain Collecting Machine- It refers to the equipment that has the ability to gather

palay grain and to winnow the chaffs, dirt and dusts.

Milling Machine – It is the machine used in removing the husk and bran layers of

the rice and produces an edible, white rice grain that is sufficiently milled and free of

impurities.

8
 Reliability – This refers to how the machine can produce the desired product.

Functionality – It determines how the machine works and performs according to

its function.

9
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the conceptual and research literature that comprehend

fundamental information used for the project. This served as a reference on how

proponents came up with desired design. Conceptual literature is from the reference

and source of information that discusses the parts consisting in this project.

2.1 Related Literature

2.1.1 Rice Production in the Philippines

, Rice remains the main staple of Filipinos. The Philippines is one of the

largest rice producers in the world and with production concentrated mainly in

Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley and Mindanao. Some provinces are sources of huge

amount of palay and the supplier of rice to the market. In 2017, the major rice-

producing parts of the country were Central Luzon (18.7%), western Visayas

(11.3%), Cagayan Valley (11%), Ilocos region (9.8%), SOCCSKSARGEN (7.5%),

and Bicol region (6.8%).

Different countries yielded different rice production percentage. The Table

1.1 is shown below:

10
 Production Area Harvested
Country or Region Yield (t/ha)
(Million Tons) (Million HA)

China 188.5 287 6.5

India 142.5 42.8 3.3

Indonesia 58.3 11.7 5.0

Bangladesh 42.5 10.9 3.9

Vietnam 36.0 7.5 4.8

Thailand 30.5 9.9 2.6

Myanmar 32.0 8.9 3.6

Philippines 17.5 4.6 3.8

Japan 10.9 1.7 6.4

Other Asian
35.8 10.9 3.3
Countries

Asia 594.5 137.6 4.3

Brazil 12.1

World 597.8 155.0 3.9

Table 1.1 Rice Production

The graph below shows that in the Philippines agricultural setting, the country’s

palay production for October – December 2018, at 7.16 million metric tons, was lower

than 7.32 million metric tons production in 2017 or by 2.2 %. Harvest area contracted by

11
16 thousand hectares from the previous year’s level of 1,864 thousand hectares. Yield

per hectare dropped from 3.93 metric tons in 2017 to 3.87 metric tons in 2018.

Production for January – December 2018 at 19.07 million metric tons, declined

slightly by 1.1 percent compared with the 2017 output. Similarly, harvested area and

yield were lesser by 0.2 percent and 0.9 percent than their respective levels in the

previous year. Probable palay production from January to March 2019 based on

standing crop may increase by 0.49 percent, from the previous year’s level of 4.62

million metric tons.

Fig. 2.1 Rice Production

12
2.1.2 Rice Harvesting Process

2.1.2.1 Sun Drying

Sun drying is a traditional method in reducing the moisture content of the palay

after harvesting. When rice is being harvested, it contains 25% of moisture. It is the

most critical process after being harvested. Sun drying performed by spreading the

palay grains under the sun. The solar radiation helps to heats up the palay grain as well

as the ground and surrounding air. However, sun drying is also a difficult method

because of the temperature. Temperature control is the main problem in this method.

The grains is easy to cracked when it is overheat and it leads to low milling quality.

There are some traditional sun drying systems that are still used by other farmers

in some areas. This includes:

1. Mat Drying – it is used in small to medium scale drying where the palay grains

are placed on mats, nets of canvas.

2. Pavement Drying – used in large scale drying for grain collectors and millers

where palay grains are laid on pavements.

2.1.2.2 Rice Milling Process

Rice milling is a process where husk and brans separated from the paddy grains

and produced an edible white rice. Milling is the crucial step in production of rice. It is

the process wherein the palay transformed into rice grain which is capable for human

consumption therefore, it must be done with care to avoid breakage of rice grain. Hand

pounding of paddy is the traditional milling process in some villages. Pounding the

13
paddy induces upward and downward forces against grain that removes the husk and

bran layers. The pounding also breaks up fissured grain.

Rice milling can be a:

1. One – step milling – husk and bran removed in one pass and rice is directly

produced out of paddy

2. Two – Step milling – removing of husk and bran are done separately and

brown rice is produced as a product

3. Multistage Milling – rice undergoes in many steps such as:

a. Pre – Cleaning - removing foreign material such as particles of sand,

stones

b. Dehusking or dehulling - removing the husk from the paddy with a

minimum of damage to the grain, and separating the husk from the paddy

c. Paddy separation - Separating dehusked paddy from any remaining paddy

grains

d. Whitening or polishing

e. Grading and separation of white rice – separating the white rice into the

husk and bran

f. Mixing

g. Mist polishing

h. Weighing of rice

14
2.2. Related Studies

2.2.1. Design, and fabrication and performance evaluation of mobile engine-

driven pneumatic paddy collector

The Mobile Engine-Driven Pneumatic Paddy Collector is made with radial flat

bladed type centrifugal fan, power transmission system, bagging area, frame and the

conveyance system which resulted in significant differences on the collecting

capacity, noise level and fuel consumption.

Fig. 2.2 Mobile engine- driven pneumatic paddy collector

Specification:
Collecting Efficiency 99.33%
Collecting Capacity 2685.00 kg/h
Maximum Rotational Speed 4200 rpm
Table 2.2 Specification

15
Cost:
Investment Cost P 62, 829.25
Break- even weight 510, 606.75 kg/yr
Collecting Cost 0.11 P/kg
Generated income by utilizing the P 23, 887.73
machine for 400 hr/yr
Time needed to recover cost of the 2.63 yr
machine
Table 2.3 Cost

2.2.2. Design and Development of a small-engine driven vacuum grain collecting

machine

The Prototype small engine-driven vacuum grain collecting machine had

the ability to winnow the chaffs, dirt and dusts, which are lighter than the grains. It

was capable of reducing labor requirement and contamination.

Fig. 2.3 Small-engine driven vacuum grain collecting machine

2.2.3. Design and Development of Rice Milling and Grinding Machine

The purpose of a rice milling system is to remove the husk and the ban layers

from paddy rice to produce whole white rice kernels that are sufficiently milled, free of

impurities and contain a minimum number of broken kernels (International Rice

16
Research Institute). This rice huller is developed to efficiently remove the husk and bran

of the rice using the principle of friction resulting from the rotating motion of the steel.

Fig. 2.4 Rice Milling and Grinding Machine

Specification:

1.The rice huller casing is made of steel.

2.The roller was made from iron steel with a diameter of 4 inches and length of 14

inches. And a shaft diameter of 1 inch.

3. The hopper has a square upper and base area which is 7 inches and 1.5 inches on

one side respectively. It can hold 1 kilo of paddy when full.

4. The vacuum is a 600kW fan which operates at 220 V, 2.7 A, 16000 rev/min and 50-

60Hz.

17
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the design of the research and the procedures performed

in the development of the Machine Prototype.

3.1. Research Design

Most of the design of this prototype is experimental because there are few

studies that are related to the machine that we were fabricating. Our machine is multi-

functional thus the incorporation of different functions of different machines are being

performed simultaneously. Efficiency, manpower, and cost are considered in the design.

The researchers undergo the different stages of project design. Below is the

process that this study undertake.

18
 Needs Assessment and
Preliminary Investigation

Conceptualization

Design

Fabrication

Testing

Modification

Evaluation

Fig. 3.1 Research Design

19
3.2 Research/Project Development

3.2.1 Preliminary Investigation

A thorough research was conducted to have an adequate background on

the project. Interviews and ocular inspection were done to increase the knowledge on

the foundation of the project.

3.2.2 Conceptualization

Through conducted exquisite studies and researches, the researchers developed

a new technology that incorporated the four processes needed for Palay grains to

undergo which are present in one (1) machine. This multi-functional machine was

composed of materials of high quality thus it required low-maintenance.

3.2.3 Design

Fig. 3.2 Design

20
3.2.4 Fabrication and Assembly

Below is the step by step process that took place during the fabrication

phase:

1. Procurement of applicable materials needed for the fabrication of the

machine.

2. Fabrication:

a. Chassis/Body

b. Vacuum Blades

c. Hopper

d. Vacuum Tube Connector

3. Assembly of machine such as attachment of bearings, engine, dynamo,

connecting and aligning of shafts, belts, and fastening of screws and bolts.

4. Initial Testing

5. Troubleshooting and other modification

6. 2nd Initial Testing

7. Actual testing

8. Machine Finishes: Polishing, Painting

21
 3.2.5 Testing

Testing procedures were evaluated carefully by the proponents in order to

achieve a reliable results. The following steps were conducted in testing:

i. Rice grain collecting

ii. Rice milling

iii. Rice bagging, and

iv. Sack Sealing

For the evaluation of the prototype, the following procedures were conducted;

Collecting ---- Milling ---- Bagging ---- Sealing

1. The palay grain will be collected in a concrete pavement through vacuum.

2. The dust, chaffs and dirt will be removed using a blower.

3. The palay grain will go to the milling machine.

4. The palay grain will move to the de-husker.

5. The rice grain will separate from the rice husk.

6. Then directly flow into the whitener. The whitener will separate the bran

layer from the whole rice grain.

7. The broken kernels will separate from the rice grain.

8. The palay grain will go to the bagging section.

9. After bagging, the sealing machine will be used.

22
 3.2.6 Evaluation

After the fabrication of Simultaneous Multi-Functional Mechanized Vacuum Palay

Grain Collecting, Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing Machine, the evaluation of the

machine was based on the following:

i. Collecting Capacity

ii. Collecting Efficiency

iii. Quality of milled rice

iv. Milling efficiency

3.3 Instruments and Techniques Used / Instrumentation

3.3.1 Parts Description

The following materials were used in order to fabricate the prototype

design:

Frame - To withstand all loads and support for the remaining parts of the machine.

In designing the frame, machine design is required to have proper design that can

carry the weight of the whole machine.

Vacuum - To collect palay grain in the concrete pavement

Blower - To winnow the chaffs, dirt and dusts

Hopper – A funnel-shaped chamber from which palay can be discharged under

gravity into the huller.

23
 Motor – Used to transmit power in milling machine

Hulling Chamber – To remove and separate the rice husk and unhusked paddy

from the brown rice

Whitener – To remove all or part of the bran layer and germ from the brown rice

Wheel – To transport or to move the whole machine from one place to another

Bagging section – To put the rice into rice sack

Sealer – Used to closed off or fasten the rice sack

3.3.2 Techniques Used

In order to achieve the good performance and high efficiency of the machine, the

following instruments/ techniques were used:

 Motor capacity

 Blower diameter

 Suction power

24
3.4 Gantt Chart

2019 2020
4 Activity
A S O N D J F
Gathering Initial Data
Formulating Research Title
Making the Research Proposal
Revision of Research Proposal
Research Plan Defense
Title Defense
Final Revision of Chapter I, II, III
Fabrication of Machine
Testing and Commissioning 1
Testing and Commissioning 2
Testing and Commissioning 3
Testing and Commissioning 4

Testing and Commissioning 5

Making of Chapter IV, V
Editing of Paper
Table 3.1 Gantt Chart

3.5 Modifications

During the initial testing of the machine minor problems occurred. The suction

pressure of the machine is not enough to collect palay grains thus modifications to meet

the requirements were made. We altered the shape of the vacuum blades, sizes and

arrangements of pulleys and shafts were made. Also modifications on the connections

of the tube where the hose is connected were also modified.

25
 After undergoing observations, several testing and experiments, these final

adjustments and modifications were sufficient to meet the requirements for the machine

to operate efficiently.

26
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the detailed structure, technical design, technical

description and its parts and the project design capabilities and limitations. It also

presents the discussion of data and results significant to the procedure stated in the

previous chapter. It also provides the explanation and interpretation of results by

comparing with the findings in prior studies from the procedure stated in the previous

chapter.

4.1 Preliminary Research and Data Gathering

After conducting research, interviews and observations on different target areas,

the researchers gathered data regarding on the process in collecting the sun dried palay

grains and how collection affects the volume of grains and the speed of milling rice.

The researchers personally went to Mindoro Oriental last February 2020 area to

conduct an interview. They visited Mindoro Oriental several times to gather accurate

and valid information. They interviewed some rice mill staff and proprietors and

according to them , the time consumed by manual process of collecting, milling,

bagging, and sealing depend on the number of workers. Based on the observations

and actual interviews, if there were five workers assigned in collecting the sun dried

palay grains, they consumed three to four hours of working for approximately 200

cavans . Therefore, five (5) persons worked for 50-60 cavans in one hour and roughly

equal to 10-12 cavans per hour for each worker to finish the collecting and milling.
27
4.2 Mechanism and Operation

The Simultaneous Multi-Functional Mechanized Vacuum Palay Grain Collecting,

Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing Machine was developed to collect tons of dried palay

in more efficient and less period of time wherein the grains and some non-grain

particles lower than the weight and size of grains such as stones, dust, and chaffs then

mill in an hour. The researchers intend to increase the number of grains collected, and

to help the farmers to reduced the dirt and dust on the grains in short period of time

without affecting the quality of the grains. It also reduced the time wherein the farmers

exposed themselves to organic dust that may lead to different problems and

complications in their body.

More so, the researchers used their prototype machine in different trials and

testing. This machine has an acclimate hose to collect palay from a wide open field and

the collected grains proceed to hopper wherein the milling machine worked

simultaneously while the vacuum was also functioning. The volume of milled rice

depends on the volume of the collected grains. As the grains in the hopper increases

during the collection process, the milling process worked faster and produced a higher

volume of milled rice.

Technically, knowledge about fluid mechanics and machine design are applied in

the fabrication of the project. This machine was comparable to a low machine where

you just push it to the direction of the sun dried rice grains to be collected then

simultaneously milled. Right amount of velocity in pushing was also a factor to the

volume of grains that can be collected. The slower the movement, the less volume of

28
collected grains while reaching the maximum possible limit for the speed most likely

produced larger volume of collected grains. The collected grains are milled right after

the collection. The milled rice was bagged and sealed afterwards..

The Simultaneous Multi-Functional Mechanized Vacuum Palay Grain Collecting,

Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing Machine, was successfully assessed, evaluated and

tested at LA Rice Mill owned by Mr.Lito Anyayahan located at Leuteboro Socorro

Oriental Mindoro. The collecting capacity, collecting efficiency, quality of milled rice and

milling efficiency were successfully examined and tested. The machine was functioned

and operated productively and effectively

4.3 Operating Procedure

The first step in using the machine is by starting the diesel engine. And to be

followed by the rotation of the belts, chains, and shafts as the prime mover of the whole

assembly. One to two persons may operate the machine. The first person will be the

main operator who pushes the equipment in certain speed along the direction of the

grains. The other person can be optional, if it is not needed to rush things up, the main

operator will also be the one to mill, to bag and to seal the sack that is weighing 25

kilos of rice. But if time is crucial for example rain will start to pour, the second person

will do the bagging and sealing of rice sacks.

29
4.4 Project Testing and Evaluation

4.4.1 Testing

As soon as the alteration and revision were done, the preliminary testing was

conducted. This includes several trials to test the stability and fuel consumption.

Knowing that all of the components were all prepared and ready to use, the researchers

started to conduct series of performance testing to measure the capacity of the

machine .

A series of performance testing was done to measure the capacity of the

machine, stability tests, and fuel consumption. The gathered data are as follow:

4.4.1.1 Stability Tests Results

Trial Time Results Problem Encountered

1 15mins Passed None

2 15mins Passed None

3 15mins Passed None

Table 4.5 Stability Tests Results

4.4.1.2 Fuel Consumption Results

Trial Time Results

1 15mins 180ml/15mins 720ml/hr
2 15mins 190ml/15mins 760ml/hr
3 15mins 185ml/15mins 740ml/hr
Average 740ml/hr
Table 4.6 Fuel Consumption Results

30
 Performance Test

Working Area Dimensions:

Length : 15m

Width : 12m

Area : 180 sq.m

4.4.1.3 Preliminary Data

Total Weight of
Tested Rice Grain per 75 kg Average thickness of 1.75cm
trial the Rice Grains

Table 4.7 Preliminary Data

4.4.1.4 Collecting Efficiency

Time Collected Palay Grain Collecting Rate

Test No. Collecting Efficiency (%)
(min) (kg) (Cavan/hr)

1 15 75 6 99.95
2 15 75 6 99.95
3 15 75 6 99.95
Table 4.8 Collecting Efficiency

31
4.4.1.5 Milling Efficiency

Test Time Milled Rice Milling Rate Percentage of Percentage of Milling

No. (min) Grain (kg) (Cavan/hr) Milled Rice Rice Bran Efficiency
(%) (%) (%)

1 15 49.8 3.984 66.4% 32.93% 99.33%

2 15 50.2 4.016 66.93% 32.8% 99.73%

3 15 49.5 3.96 66% 33.07% 99.07%

Table 4.9 Milling Efficiency

4.5 Project Capabilities and Restrictions

The Simultaneous Multi-Functional Mechanized Vacuum Palay Grain Collecting,

Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing Machine was able to collect, mill, bag and seal a

dried rice grain at rate of approximately 3.987 cavans/hr. In the first trial, 75 kg of palay

produced a 49.8 kg of milled rice, while in the second trial 75 kg of palay yielded a 50.2

kg of milled rice. The table showed that third trial, 75 kg of palay resulted to 49.5 kg of

milled rice.

The machine was not able to move itself by means of motor therefore the

amount of collected, milled, bagged and sealed rice grains are directly proportional to

the amount of pushing force the person applied. However, too much pushing force will

cause the machine to choke due to larger amount of rice grains piled at the middle.

Based on the conducted performance testing, the operator should move in an average

speed to obtain good results. Additionally, the machine was only capable on smooth

pavements with small surface diffraction to avoid any problem in the whole assembly.

32
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter states the summary of findings, formulated conclusions, and

suggested recommended suggestions to further improve the project.

V.1 Summary of findings

After testing and evaluation of the machine the following findings were presented:

Motor Speed rpm

Overall Average Thickness of Grains 1.75 cm

Average Computed Velocity 1.32 cm/sec

Average Fuel Consumption 740 ml/hr

Average Amount of Grains Tested 75 kg

Average Amount of Grains Collected 75 kg

Average Collecting Capacity 5 kg/min
6.0 cavan/hr

Average Collecting Efficiency 99.95 %

Average Milling Capacity 3.987cavan/hr

Average Milling Efficiency 99.38%

*The capacity obtained includes the reloading of grain sacks and other uncertainties.

33
5.2 Conclusions

Analysis of the data based from the study was concluded:

1. The design for the project fulfilled the criteria specified for it.

2. The fabricated machine functioned accordingly to its purpose and can

be safely operated.

3.The component of the machine put in satisfied the standard capacity for

collecting and milling.

4. The materials and equipment are economical, durable, commercially

available and easily maintained and operated.

5.The materials, equipment and result of the project have potentials and

could be opened for further development for rice technologies.

5.3 Recommendations

After a thorough analysis of data, the following recommendations for further

study are hereby offered:

1. Suction: A wider concept of suction head is one of the key component

of the machine. A wider suction head will result in more efficient vacuum

performance and convenience. A flexible hose is also recommended to maximize

movement to cover the span of time in vacuum process.

2. Operation: A new element in the operation process is suggested. Since

in the process the vacuum and milling are being operated at the same time, a

control panel is needed to boost the whole operation and switching process.

34
 3. Components: Instead of using an external weighing scale, an internal

weighing device is desirable. It will improve exact measurement to the amount of

grain being milled.

4. Framework: A new design is proposed to lessen the weight of the

machine but still yield greater machine performance. A compact and latest

technology are encouraging, while improvement in vacuum mechanism for

stronger suction and a lighter weight body structure is also advised and

recommended.

35
APPENDIX A
DESIGN

36
Design Phase
I. Initial Design of the Machine

Figure A.1. Initial Design (Isometric View)

Figure A.2: Top View

37
 Figure A.3: Front View

Figure A.4: Right Side View

38
II. Final Design of the Machine

Figure A.5: Final Design (Isometric View)

Figure A.6: Top View

39
 Figure A.7: Front View

Figure A.8: left Side View

40
 Figure A.9: Right Side View

III. Fabrication and Assembly

Figure A.10: Inside Body of the Machine

41
Figure A.11: Top View

Figure A.12: Front View

42
Figure A.13: Left Side View

Figure A.14: Right Side View

43
 Figure A.15: Dynamo

Figure A.16: Rice Milling

Figure A.17: Hopper

44
Figure A.18: Hose for the Vacuum

Figure A.19: Frame of the Machine

Figure A.20: Grain Collector

45
Figure A.21: Cover of the Machine

Figure A.22: Vacuum Blade

Figure A.23: Sealer

46
Figure A.24: Palay Grain Collecting, Rice Milling, Bagging and Sealing Machine

47
APPENDIX B
COMPUTATION

48
COMPUTATIONS:

I. Suction Pressure

N 1 D 1 = N 2 D2 ; N 1=3600 rpm, D1=2.5∈., D 2=5∈.

( 3600 ) ( 2.5 )=N 2 (5)

N 2=¿ 1800 rpm

N 2 D2 = N 3 D3; N 2=1800 rpm , D 2=5∈., D3=3∈.

N 3=3000 rpm

V =πDn ; D = 241.3 mm, n = 3000rpm

3000
V = ( π ) (.2413)( )
60

m
V =37.903
s

1 2 kg m
Pair = ρ v ; ρ=1.3 3 , v=37.903
2 m s

49
 1
Pair = (1.3)¿
2(1000)

Pair =0.9338 kPa

II. Milling Efficiency

Average Palay Grain Collected: 6 cavan/hr or 300 kg/hr

Average Milled rice per hour: 199.35 kg/hr or 3.987 cavan/hr

Average Rice Bran produced per hour: 100.65 kg/hr

% average of rice grain produced from milling =

Ave . Total weight of Rice grain per hour
Ave . Total weight of Palay grain per hour

199.35 kg/hr
% average of rice grain produced from milling = ∗100 %
300 kg/hr

% average of rice grain produced from milling = 66.45%

% average of Rice Brann produced from milling =

Ave . Total weight of Rice Bran per hour
Ave . Total weight of Palay grain per hour

100.65 kg/hr
% average of Rice Brann produced from milling = * 100%
300 kg/hr

50
% average of Rice Bran produced from milling = 33.55%

III. Computation of Profits

Profit per cavan for Milling of Palay Grains =

(Total weight of Palay grain∈kg)( Amount of milling process per kilo)

₱ 2.5
Profit per cavan for Milling of Palay Grains = (300 kg)( )
Kilogram of Palay

Profit per cavan for Milling of Palay Grains = ₱750

₱8
Profit for Rice Bran collected after milling = (100.65 kg)( )
Kilogram of Rice Bran

Profit for Rice Bran collected after milling = ₱805.2

51
 APPENDIX C
BILL OF MATERIALS

52
I. List of Materials Used
a. For Body

Items Quantity Amount Cost

M/S Plate 3mm 3 ₱3200 ₱9600

Angle Bar 5mm(x2) 1 ₱1000 ₱1000
G-1 Pipe # 1” SCH.40 1 ₱750 ₱750
Welding Rod 10 ₱150 ₱1500

Cutting Disc 10 ₱50 ₱500

Table C.1 List of Materials Used For Body

b. For Parts

Items Quantity Amount Cost

Wheel 12” Diameter 4 ₱1600 ₱6400

Shafting 2 ₱500 ₱1000

Feet Steel Shafting # 1” 10 ₱200 ₱2000

Plunges Bearing # 1” 12 ₱450 ₱5400

MTRS Hose # 2” 5 ₱450 ₱2250

Bolt w/ Nut 7/16 x 1 50 ₱15 ₱750

1/2

Stainless Bolt w/ Nut ¼ 100 ₱7 ₱700

x1

Rubber 2 ₱980 ₱1960

Polisher 1 ₱4900 ₱4900

Set Screen Polisher 1 ₱6500 ₱6500

Set of Fan Belt 1 ₱5000 ₱5000

53
 Set of Pulley 1 ₱5000 ₱5000

Diesel Engine 1 ₱7000 ₱7000

Dynamo 1 ₱5000 ₱11000

Sealer 1 ₱2800 ₱2800

Table C.2 List of Materials Used For Parts

I. Miscellaneous Costs

Items Quantity Amount Cost

Gal. A/C Thinner 1 ₱780 ₱780

Gal. Putty 1 ₱750 ₱750

Gal. Epoxy Primer 1 ₱800 ₱800

Gal. A/C Paint 1 ₱1740 ₱1740

Sanding Paper 10 ₱16 ₱160

Table C.3 Miscellaneous Costs

I. Labor Costs

Budget for Machining ₱20000

Other Hidden Parts ₱8000

Cost of Labor ₱85000

Table C.4 Labor Costs

TOTAL EXPENSES: ₱193,240

54
APPENDIX D
PICTORIAL

55
 Figure D.1: Dynamo

Figure D.2: Vacuum Blade

56
 Figure D.3: Screen

Figure D.4: 3 Diameter Pulley

57
 Figure D.5: V-Belt

Figure D.6: Motor-Dynamo Assembly

Figure D.7: Vacuum

58
 Figure D.8: Strainer

Figure D.9: Handheld Sewing Machine

59
Figure D.10: Finish Product/ Machine

Figure D.11: Sample Milled Rice

60
Figure D.12: Signing of contract with fabricator at Pacia’s Welding Shop

Figure D.13: Picture with rice mill proprietor at LA Rice Mill

Figure D.14: Picture During Testing Period at LA Rice Mill

61
Figure D.15: Official Receipt

62
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