What is an Ethernet cable?

• An Ethernet cable is a network cable used for high-speed wired

network connections between two devices. This network cable is
made of four-pair cable, which is consists of twisted pair conductors.
It is used for data transmission at both ends of the cable, which is
called RJ45 connector.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP is a four-pair wire medium used in a variety of networks. Each
of the eight copper wires in the UTP cable is covered by insulating material.
-Each pair of wires is twisted around each other. This type of cable relies on the cancellation
effect produced by the twisted wire pairs to limit signal degradation caused by EMI and RFI.
- Reduce crosstalk between the pairs in UTP cable, the number of twists in the wire pairs
varies.
 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP and ScTP)
STP – Shielded Twisted Pair ScTP – Screened Twisted Pair

◼ Shielded twisted-pair cable (STP) combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation,

and twisting of wires.

◼ Each pair of wires is wrapped in metallic foil.

◼ The four pairs of wires are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil.

◼ A new hybrid of UTP with traditional STP is Screened UTP (ScTP), also known as Foil
Twisted Pair (FTP).

◼ ScTP is essentially UTP wrapped in a metallic foil shield, or screen.

Twisted Pair - Applications

◼ Most common medium

◼ Telephone network
◼ Between house and local exchange

◼ For local area networks (LAN)

◼ 10Mbps or 100Mbps
Twisted Pair - Properties

◼ Cheap
◼ Easy to work
◼ Low data rate
◼ Short range
UTP Categories
• The Ethernet cables are categorized as Cat 5, Cat 5e,
Cat 6, and UTP cable. Cat 5 cable can support a
10/100 Mbps Ethernet network while Cat 5e and Cat 6
cable to support Ethernet.
What is Straight Through Cable?
• Straight-through cable is a type of CAT5 with RJ-45 connectors at each
end, and each has the same pin out. It is in accordance with either
the T568A or T568B standards. It uses the same color code
throughout the LAN for consistency. This type of twisted-pair cable is
used in LAN to connect a computer or a network hub such as a router.
It is one of the most common types of network cable.
What Is Crossover Cable?
• A Crossover cable is a type of CAT 5 where one end isT568A
configuration and the other end as T568BConfiguration. In this type
of cable connection, Pin 1 is crossed with Pin 3, and Pin 2 is crossed
with Pin 6.
• Crossover cable is used to connect two or more computing devices.
The internal wiring of crossover cables reverses the transmission and
receive signals. It is widely used to connect two devices of the same
type: e.g., two computers or two switches to each other.
Straight- or Crossover
poll

Which of the following are type of Twisted Pair Cable?

A. Coaxial Cable

B. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

C. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

D. Only B and C
Poll

◼ Which Color Coding of Cable is Used to Connect Similar

Devices?
A. Straight Cable

B. Cross Over Cable

C. Serial Cable

D. All of Above.
Placement activities
What do you mean by Data
Communication ?
The term telecommunication means communication at a
distance. The word data refers to information presented
in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating
and using the data. Data communications are the
exchange of data between two devices via some form of
transmission medium such as a wire cable.
What are components of Data
Communication ?
Five components of data communication
What are types of Data Flow?
Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex)
What is a network?
 NETWORKS

A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes)

connected by communication links. A node can be a
computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending
and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the
network.
What are connection types?
Types of connections: point-to-point and multipoint
What is Network Topology?
What are ‘client’ and ‘server’ in a
network?
◼ Clients and servers are separate logical entities that work together
over a network to accomplish a task.

◼ A client application is the element of communication that requests or

requests a network service, for example, accessing a web page, or
downloading a file, or sending an email.

◼ A server application is the element of communication that responds

to customer requests, providing the required service, that is, sending
the web page or the requested file or email.

◼ The client-server model is used by computer applications such as

email, the worldwide web, and network printing.
What is a ‘frame relay’ and in which layer
does it operate?
◼ Frame Relay is a data link layer digital packet-switched network
protocol technology designed to connect local area networks
(LANs) and transfer data over wide area networks (WANs).
Frame Relay shares some of the same underlying technology as
X.25.

◼ It is based on the older X.25 packet-switching technology that

was designed to transmit analogue data as voice conversations.
Unlike X.25, which was designed for analogue signals, Frame
Relay is a fast packet technology, which means that the protocol
does not attempt to correct errors. It is often used to connect
LANs with main backbones, as well as in public wide area
networks and in private network environments with leased T-1
lines. It requires a dedicated connection during the transmission
period and is not ideal for voice or video, which require a
constant stream of transmissions.