3rd

Tune
Year
Project Generato
r
The purpose of this project is to simulate multi- frequency pulse
signals from one 555- Timer and turn these pulses into sounds by
pass them to a speaker which would result in hearing them as Using 555-Timer
tunes.

Done By: Mohammed Omer El-Tom Instructor: Safaa

Our project for this year is to create multiple sounds using a small IC chip called 555-Timer which was invented around
1971.

This IC has the ability to transform a Direct Current input into a pulse signal which has a frequency and time cycle
previously chosen by the designer and this output can be re-fed to anther circuit for any other purpose.

Here, we want to turn these pulses into sound; so we link the output of the 555-timer to a speaker to create sort of tune
that can be altered using a variable resistor.

Below is the simulated version of the circuit using Electronic Workbench Software:

The circuit uses 2 resistors one of them is variable and the other is fixed. Also we used 2 Capacitors one for creating the
output pulse through the charging and discharging procedure, and the other is for clearing the circuit from any
distortion that may happen from the Voltage Control Pin.

We managed to get five different tunes by increasing and decreasing the variable resistor.
Here are the output pulse waves after displayed in the Oscilloscope.

Wave 1 in 20% Setting:

Wave 2 in 50% Setting:

Wave 3 in 65% Setting:

Wave 4 in 80% Setting:

Wave 5 in 95% Setting:

For this circuit we used the following equipments:

- 555- Time IC [Model # LM555]

- DC Power Source [5v]
- 15 KΩ Resistor [fixed]
- 30 KΩ Resistor [variable]
- 2 µf Capacitor
- 0.1 µf Capacitor
 - Speaker [with internal 16 Ω resistance]

As previously mentioned the output is pre-designed by the engineer, this design is done mathematically using the
following equations:

First we should choose what frequency do we want, here we want 2 Hz:

So the frequency is calculated after calculating the Time duration of the pulse, and the time is divided in to T m (mark
time) and Ts (Space time), which done as follow:

T = 0.7 × (R1 + 2R2) × C1

F= 1.4/(R1+2R2)*C1

Tm = 0.7 × (R1 + R2) × C1

Ts = 0.7 × R2 × C1

Now for the capacitor C1 we choose it depend on what is available in the laboratory, and we also keep in mind that the
range of the resistors in between 1KΩ and 1MΩ. Now we assume that R 1 is much smaller than R2 (so that Tm and Ts are
almost equal) this will allow us to use:

R2= 0.7/f*C1

After R2 is found we, we choose R1 about a tenth of R2, to keep the equality between Tm and Ts .

In this circuit, I’ve chosen the Capacitor to be 2 µf [two 1 µf Capacitors connected on Series], and from the last equation
I’ve found that:-

R2=0.7/(2*2*10-6) [10-6 is for the µ]

=454 KΩ

And since R1 is assumed to be much smaller (close to tenth of R 2) so: R1=45 KΩ

As for the five frequencies we calculate them as follow:

F1=0.7/(1.6*2.2*10-6)=198.8 KΩ

F2=0.7/(2*2.2*10-6)= 159 KΩ

F3=0.7/(2.2*2.2*10-6)=144 KΩ

F4= 0.7/(2.4*2.2*10-6)=132 KΩ

F5=0.7//(2.4*2.2*10-6)=132 KΩ