Mindanao Medical Foundation College

P. Villanueva St., Agdao, Davao City

Tel. No.: (082) 221-6225

OPTOMETRY DEPARTMENT

First Semester S.Y. 2021-2022

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS

Name: Kwenzie Arbin N. Fortaleza Date: November 14, 2021 Score:

ACTIVITY LEARNING SHEET # 5

TEST OF RETINAL FUNCTIONS
Specific Learning Objectives: At the end of the learning activity, a student can:
1. Perform visual test to two standard geriatric patient.
2. Describe the procedures and the materials used in the examination.
3. Perform the test with confidence .
4. Observe the response and record findings accurately.
5. Interpret the result and correlate with difficulties of performing ADL .
6. Discuss retinal function and the expected changes with age.
7. Synthesize the factors affecting the changes in retinal function.
8. Develop a good rapport with the patient.

Learning Content:
Introduction : Synthesize the concept in growth & degeneration of retinal functions. Discuss the factors why
retinal function changes with age . (10 pts)

Our retinal functions improves as we come up of age from child to adulthood, but as we age older, the growth
of our retinas stop and it starts to degenerate, resulting to the thinning of the macula which can cause blurred
and reduced central vision.
As we grow older, not only does our movement, actions, and thinking levels decreases, but also our power of
vision, particularly our retinal function. Younger patients have a more healthy and smooth retinas, while older
patients often appear darker and more wrinkled, and as this happen, the patient should be aware of a possible
retinal diseases that may occur: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is one of the leading cause of
vision loss for older patients
Learning Activity
A. Perform preliminary Optometric procedures to a standard geriatric patient: (40 pts)

B. Record the results correctly:

PATIENT’S NAME: JOSITA FORTALEZA AGE: 74

Difficulties performing activities of daily living:

VISUAL ACUITY A test used to determine how well you can read and see the details of
an object, letter, or number at a specific distance
(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED Visual Acuity for near

MATERIALS USED Near reading chart

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will we able to read up to N8 in the chart

ACTUAL FINDING The patient was only able to read up to N18 in the chart

TWO POINT DISCRIMINATION Test used to discern the ability of the patient to distinguish two
TEST illuminated points at a distance

(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED Cut 2 holes of 2mm diameter, 2 inches apart, and hold it in front of the
patient at 2 feet. Ask the patient if he/she is able to point out that there
are two lights

MATERIALS USED Light source, paper

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient is able to tell that there are two lights

ACTUAL FINDING Expected finding was met after the test

PHOTOSTRESS TEST It is a test in measuring the amount of time required for the eye to
return to its normal level of function after being exposed to a bright
(Give Description)
light after a few seconds

TEST/METHOD USED Standard Photostress test

MATERIALS USED Penlight, reading chart

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will be able to recover normal function of the
eye within 10 seconds

ACTUAL FINDING The patient was able to read the chart again for more than 10 seconds
after her eyes were exposed to a bright light and were only able to read
big letters

PROJECTION OF RAYS TEST It is a test used to determine the peripheral vision level of the patient
 by waving your hand or utilizing a light source and determine if the
patient is able to see it peripherally
(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED Testing both eyes individually

MATERIALS USED Pen light, fingers

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will be able to see peripherally in all
directions

ACTUAL FINDING The expected findings were met after performing the test

MADDOX ROD TEST (Optional)

(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED

MATERIALS USED

EXPECTED FINDING PEDIATRIC GERIATRIC

ACTUAL FINDING

PATIENT’S NAME Jositte Leoren Fortaleza AGE: 12

Difficulties performing activities of daily living:

VISUAL ACUITY A test used to determine how well you can read and see the details of
an object, letter, or number at a specific distance
(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED Visual Acuity for near

MATERIALS USED Near reading chart

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will we able to read up to N5 in the chart

ACTUAL FINDING The expectations were met after performing the test

TWO POINT DISCRIMINATION Test used to discern the ability of the patient to distinguish two
TEST illuminated points at a distance

(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED Cut 2 holes of 2mm diameter, 2 inches apart, and hold it in front of the
patient at 2 feet. Ask the patient if he/she is able to point out that there
are two lights

MATERIALS USED Light source, paper

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient is able to tell that there are two lights
 ACTUAL FINDING Expected finding was met after the test

PHOTOSTRESS TEST It is a test in measuring the amount of time required for the eye to
return to its normal level of function after being exposed to a bright
(Give Description)
light after a few seconds

TEST/METHOD USED Standard Photostress test

MATERIALS USED Penlight, reading chart

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will be able to recover normal function of the
eye within 10 seconds

ACTUAL FINDING Expectations was met after performing the test

PROJECTION OF RAYS TEST It is a test used to determine the peripheral vision level of the patient
by waving your hand or utilizing a light source and determine if the
(Give Description)
patient is able to see it peripherally

TEST/METHOD USED Testing both eyes individually

MATERIALS USED Pen light, fingers

EXPECTED FINDING I expected that the patient will be able to see peripherally in all
directions

ACTUAL FINDING The expected findings were met after performing the test

MADDOX ROD TEST (Optional )

(Give Description)

TEST/METHOD USED

MATERIALS USED

EXPECTED FINDING PEDIATRIC GERIATRIC

ACTUAL FINDING

C. Interpret the results and correlate in performing activities of daily living (10 pts)
 Some of the expected findings were met, and some were not, however the difference of this is no big of a concern
as this was to be expected in this certain age bracket. There were no other signs that could cause worry for the
patient. Due to these findings, I was able to know the retinal function level of the patients and it is evident that it
still able to perform well

D. Discuss retinal functions and the expected changes with age (5 pts)
Our retinal functions improves as we start from childhood to adulthood. But once we have reached our
prime and proceed to grow even older, it starts to degenerate and loses its full capacity of function. This is
normal as we grow older, and the expected changes would be our vision will be blurrier, decreases
contrast sensitivity, and increased dark adaptation threshold. Also, the more we age, the higher risk we
are for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

E. Synthesize the factors affecting the changes in retinal function. (10 pts)
The most common factor that affects the changes in retinal function is our age. Some factors include
smoking, being obese, having illness or conditions such as diabetes, eye trauma, and family history of
retinal diseases. Some are treatable while some are not, still, we can maintain our retinal function if we
take care of it properly and not abuse it

CREATE A REFLECTIVE ESSAY OF YOUR EXPERIENCE:

It was a great experience performing this sort of tests, and I was able to broaden my knowledge not only about the
eyes, but also the different tests that I was and will be able to perform to patients to help them understand how
important it is the we should take care of our eyes and understand that what we see and what the current state of our
retinal function is, is not because of some illness, but it is commonly due to us aging

INCLUDE PHOTOS WHILE PERFORMING THE PROCEDURES