Obligations and Contracts Professor: Atty.

Rochelle Marie Cortez-Naz

WEEK TOPIC
Week 2: January 25-29 Introduction to Law
Week 3: February 1-5 General Provisions on Obligations
Week 4: February 8-12
Week 5: February 15-19 Nature and Effect of Obligations
Week 6: February 22-26
Week 7: March 1-5
a. Concepts and Definition
b. Kinds, Classification, and Divisions of Law
c. State Law
d. Definition: Law on Obligations and Contracts
a. Definition of Obligation (Art. 1156, NCC)
b. Essential Requisites of Obligation (ibid.)
c. Natural Obligations (Arts. 1423-1430, NCC)
d. Concepts and Sources of Obligations (Arts. 1157-1162,
NCC)
1. Law (Art. 1158)
2. Contracts (Art. 1159)
3. Quasi-contracts (Art. 1160) – Definition; Kinds
4. Crimes or Delict (Art. 1161) – Scope of Liability
5. Quasi-Delict (Art. 1162) – Definition; Crimes vs.
Quasi-Delict
e. Concepts of Obligor and Obligee
a. Rights of Creditor and Duties of Debtor
1. Obligation to Give (Arts. 1163-1166, NCC)
2. Obligation to Do (Art. 1167, NCC)
3. Obligation Not to Do (Arts. 1168)
b. Grounds for Liability for Damages (Art. 1170, NCC)
1. Delay (Art. 1169, NCC) – Definition; Kinds; Effects;
Rule and Exceptions (when demand is not necessary
to put debtor in delay)
2. Fraud (Art. 1171) – Definition; Kinds
3. Negligence (Arts. 1172 – 1173, NCC) – Definition;
Kinds; Negligence vs Diligence, Kinds of Diligence
4. Contravention of the Tenor of the Obligation (Art.
1170, NCC) – Meaning
5. Fortuitous Event (Art. 1174, NCC) – Definition
c. Usurious Transaction (Art. 1175, NCC) – Meaning of Loan
or Mutuum
d. Presumptions (Art. 1176, NCC) – Definition; Kinds; When
not Applicable
e. Remedies Available to Creditors for the Satisfaction of
their Claims (Art. 1177, NCC)
f. Transmissibility of Rights (Art. 1178, NCC) – Rule and
Exceptions
Week 8: March 8-12 NATURE AND EFFECTS OF OBLIGATION
Different Kinds of Obligations
a. Secondary Classifications under the Civil Code
1. Unilateral vs. Bilateral (Arts. 1168-1169, NCC)
2. Real vs. Personal (Arts. 1163-1168, NCC)
3. Determinate vs. Generic (Art. 1165, NCC)
4. Civil vs. Natural (Art. 1423, NCC)
5. Legal, Conventional, and Penal (Arts. 1157, 1159,
1161, NCC)
Week 9: March 15-19 MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Week 10: March 22-26 b. Primary Classifications under the New Civil Code
1. Pure and Conditional (Arts. 1179-1192)
2. Obligations with a Period (Arts. 1180, 1193-1206,
NCC)
3. Alternative vs. Facultative Obligations (Arts. 1199,
1206, NCC)
4. Joint and Solidary Obligations (Arts. 1207-1222, NCC)
5. Divisible vs. Indivisible Obligations (Arts. 1223-1225,
NCC)
6. Obligations with a Penal Clause (Arts. 1126-1304,
NCC)
Week 11: March 29-April 2 Extinguishment of Obligations (Art. 1231, NCC) – Cause of
Extinguishment not Under Art. 1231
1. Payment or Performance (Art. 1232-1254)
a. Payment by Cession (Art. 1255)
b. Tender of Payment and Consignation (Arts. 1256-
1261, NCC)
2. Loss of the Thing Due (Arts. 1262-1269, NCC)
Week 12: April 5-9 3. Condonation or Remission of Debt (Arts. 1270-1274)
4. Confusion or Merger of Rights (Arts. 1275-1277, NCC)
5. Compensation (Arts. 1278-1304, NCC)
6. Novation (Arts. 1291-1304, NCC)
Week 13: April 12-16 Contracts
1. Definition (Art. 1305, NCC) – Nature and Concepts
2. General Provisions (Arts. 1306-1317, NCC)
3. Essential Requisites of Contracts (Art. 1318, NCC)
Week 14: April 19-23 a. Consent (Arts. 1319-1346)
b. Object (Arts. 1347-1349, NCC)
c. Cause (Arts. 1350-1355, NCC)
Week 15: April 26-30 Form of Contracts (Arts. 1356-1358)
Reformation of Instruments (Arts. 1359-1369)
Interpretation of Contracts (Arts. 1370-1379)
Week 16: May 3-7 Defective Contracts under the Civil Code
1. Rescissible Contracts (Arts. 1380-1389, NCC)
a. Meaning: Rescissible Contract
b. Rescission: Definition, Requisites, Nature and
Extent, Period for Filing, Persons entitled to Bring
Action
c. Payments made in State of Insolvency
d. When Alienation Presumed in Fraud of Creditors
(Art. 1387, NCC)
Week 17: May 10-14 2. Voidable Contracts (Arts. 1390-1402, NCC)
a. Definition, Nature, and Effects
b. Annulment: Meaning and the Period for Filing Action
for Annulment, Persons entitled and those not
entitled to Filing such Actions; Extinguishment of
Action for Annulment
c. Ratification: Definition; Requisites, Effects; Persons
who can Ratify
Week 18: May 17-21 3. Unenforceable Contracts (Art. 1403-1408, NCC)
a. Meaning; Kinds
b. Unauthorized Contracts: Definition
c. Agreements within the Scope of the Statute of
Frauds
d. Modes of Ratification under the Statute of Frauds
e. When Unenforceable Contract becomes a Voidable
Contract
f. When Unenforceable Contract becomes a Valid
Contract
g. Right of Third Persons to Assail an Unenforceable
Contract
4. Void or Inexistent Contracts (Arts. 1409-1422, NCC)
Week 19: May 24-28 FINAL EXAMINATION