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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

TITLE PAGE

A Summer Internship Project Report

On

for“Financial Modeling and Analysis of 50 Flats


Housing Project in Gurgaon, Haryana

Vardhan Consulting And Engineers

By
Prajwal Suresh Jamdapure
MBA-II (Finance)

Batch (2020-22)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sarita Agarwal

Submitted to
Savitribai Phule Pune University

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Degree of


Master in Business Administration (MBA)

Management,
Ramachandran international institute of Management
Behind Crystal Honda Showroom, Uttam Nagar, Bhunde Vasti, Bavdhan, Pune, Maharashtra 411021

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my gratitude towards Prof Sarita Agarwal for guiding me
throughout the project. I also feel thankful and express my kind gratitude towards our
Director) for allowing me to conduct the project.

The mentioned project was done under the supervision of Ajay Singh

I thank all my friends for their positive support and guidance. I feel thankful to the HOD and
faculty members for giving me the opportunity. I ensure that this project was done by me and
is original.

(Name of the Student)


Prajwal Suresh Jamdapure

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DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report is based on my own
work carried out during the course of my study. I assert the statements made
and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research work.

I further declare that the work contained in the report is original and has been
done by me.

The work has not been submitted to any other Institution or for any other
university. I have followed the guidelines provided by the university in writing
the report.

Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other
sources, I have given due credit to them in the text of the report and giving their
details in the references.

Name & Sign of the Student


Prajwal Suresh Jamdapure

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(On Institute Letterhead)

CERTIFICATE
“To whom so ever it may concern”

This is to certify that Mr. / Miss. is


a bona-fide student of this Institute enrolled for the MBA Programme.

He / She has successfully completed his / her Summer Project titled


for“Financial Modeling and Analysis of 50 Flats Housing Project in
Gurgaon, Haryana

at Vardhan Counsulting And Engineers for partial fulfillment of


(Ramachandran international institute of management), affiliated to
Savitribai Phule Pune University.

We wish him / her good luck and best wishes for a bright future.

(Name) (Name)
Internal Project Guide Director

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Summer Internship Program


INITIAL INFORMATION REPORT (IIR)

Name of the Student: Prajwal Suresh Jamdapure


……………………………………………………………………..

Name of the Organisation: Vardhan Consulting And Engineers ….


………………………………………………………………

City: . Patna Pin: 801503

Main activity of the Organisation:

Pioneer Organization to fulfill the current genration needs of companies and offer engineering and
management consultancy services for infrastructure projects .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name of the Head of the Organisation: Ashish Kumar

Address of the Head of the Organisation:

…Vardhan House , Anand Bazar , Danapur cantonment , patna bihar 801503

City: ..........Patna.......... Pin: …801503

Fax Numbers:
…09791112715 Name & Designation of the Project Guide:
Anshu Mlhotra Telephone Numbers: (O) 08144089979 Aug 1 . Reporting Date: Facilities

Available to the Student:

…Management consultancy services for infrastructure projects

Work timings at the Organisation: …flexiable

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Description of Project in brief:


Title:
for“Financial Modeling and Analysis of 50 Flats Housing Project in Gurgaon,
Haryana

Objectives:

• Understanding and Analysis of Data

• Corporate Skill development Program

• Pre Placement training program

• Creating Financial model in Excel

Scope:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

SIP Schedule at the Organisation:

…1 AUG TO 30 SEPT

Prajwal Suresh Jamdapure


………………………………..
Name & Signature of the student

Date:

……………………………………… …………………………………………..
Name & Signature of Project Guide Name & Signature of the Faculty Guide

……………………………….
Signature of Director
Date:

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SIP Feedback Form

2020-22

Name of student
Company Name
Contact Person
Address
Contact Number
Email id

I) Your impression of our students on following counts: (Tick that applies)


Parameters V. Poor Poor Average Good V. Good
Hard-working nature 1 2 3 4 5
Honesty & Integrity at job 1 2 3 4 5
Punctuality 1 2 3 4 5
Task Achievement 1 2 3 4 5
Interpersonal Skills 1 2 3 4 5

II) How would you rate the performance of the student? (Tick that applies)
 Exceeds expectations
 Meets Expectations
 Below Expectations

III) Do you think the RIIM student is a good & virtuous brand ambassador?

 Yes  No  Not Sure

IV) Overall employability of the student (on 1 to 10, 10 being the highest)

V) Any other information which you may want to share with us to improve our
Programme

Signature & Name ( Company Guide) :

Company Seal :

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Executive Summary (Abstract)

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Table of Contents
SN Contents Pg No
1 Introduction 1-2
2 Organization profile 2- 9
3 Outline of the problem/task undertaken 9- 11
4 Research methodology & data analysis 11- 18
5 Relevant activity charts, tables, graphs, diagrams 18- 23
6 Learning of the student through the project 23- 24
7 Contribution to the host organization 24- 26
References in appropriate referencing styles. 26-27
8
(APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago Style etc.)
9 Annexure 27- 29

List of tables

Sr. No. Table No. Title Page No.

List of figures

Sr. No. Graph / Figure No. Title Page No.

Abbreviations

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BRIEF OF
PROJECT
CONTENTS

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1. Introduction (2-3 pages)-------Page numbers start here


What is the project?
Purpose of the project
Scope of the project
Salient Contributions of the project
2. Organization profile (3-5 pages)

3. Outline of the problem/task undertaken (4-5 pages)


Problem Statement
Objectives

Research Methodology (2-3 pages)

Method of research
Type of research
Data type
Data Collection tools
Sampling plan (Only For Primary Data based Project)
 Sampling Technique
 Sample Frame
 Sample Unit
 Sample Size
Data Analysis (As per the questionnaire, If applicable)

Data classification
Data Analysis and results
Interpretation of results

Data Analysis (For Secondary Data & Finance Students, If Applicable)

Company Reports
Financial Statements, etc.

5. Relevant activity charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, AV material, etc

In case of a process (eg. Sales Process, Cold Calling, Tax Filing etc.), add activity /
process flowchart

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Other relevant graphs, tables etc.

6. Learning of the student through the project

Findings from the project


Observations during the project

7. Contribution to the host organization

Guidelines for the implementation based on conclusions


Procedure for implementation
Expected outcome from the recommendations
Scope for future work

8. References in appropriate referencing styles. (APA Style)

9.Annexure
 Copy of the questionnaire
 Filled Sample of questionnaires
 Company product / service portfolio
 Any other material that constitutes the part of the project,

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INTRODUCTION
What is the project –

The Real Estate sectors which are retail, housing, commercial and hospitality.
Residential segment contributes about 80% in this sector and its demand is expected to
grow sharply in the years The Real Estate, one of the most recognised sectors around the
world. It is divided into 4 sub to come due to urbanisation and rising household income.
India is among the top10 price appreciating housing markets internationally. Around 1
crore people migrate to cities every year. The key growth drivers for this residential
segment are rise in population, rise in number of nuclear families, rise
of disposable income, easy availability of finance, repatriation of NRIs and HNIs.

On the other hand, in order to protect home-buyers and to boost investment in real-estate
industry, the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 was passed, which has
made mandatory for all commercial and residential real estate projects to register with it
where the land is over 500 sq. metres or 8 apartments. And it establishes a Real Estate
Regulatory Authority (RERA) in each sector to regulate and act as an adjudicating body
for speedy dispute resolution. There are some other key policies launched by government
for this sector-

 Benami Transactions Act

 Change in arbitration norms

 Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) exemption

 PR for foreign investors

 Boost to affordable housing construction

 Service tax exemption

 Goods and Services Tax

 Demonetisation
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 Interest subsidy to home buyers

The commercial space has few players with presence across India and they have shown
rapid increase in IT and ITEs, BFSI, and Telecom sector. Their operating model has been

shifted from sales to maintenance and lease and with time demand for office space in Tier-
II cities could be seen.
The retail segment forms a small portion Indian Real Estate market. There are small
number of organised retailers in India and are mostly developed by residential and office
space developers.
In case of hospitality segment, Delhi/NCR, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad
forms the biggest hospitality market in India. They have services apartments and
convention centres alongwith hotels. The key growth driver is rise in tourism and tax
incentives for hotels.

With the changing time and with increase in the number of cities demand for housing is
increasing. So, in order to boost real estate sector, government is providing housing loans
up to Rs 3.5 million in metro cities and they are included in priority sector lending by the
RBI in June 2018. The government has allowed 100 % FDI for townships and settlements
development projects. And in order to promote affordable housing in India, government in
the Union Budget 2020-21 has extended benefits under Section 80 - IBA of the Income
Tax Act.

The top players in real estate sector are- Godrej properties, Omaxe, DLF, Eldeco, Prestige
Group, Kotle Patil developers, Ericsson India Global Services, Punj Lloyd Ltd., Signature
Global India Pvt. Ltd.and many more.

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Purpose of the project –

Financial modeling is a representation in numbers of a company's operations in the past,


present, and the forecasted future. Such models are intended to be used as decision-making
tools. ... Financial models are used to estimate the valuation of a business or to compare
businesses to their peers in the industry.

The best financial models provide users with a set of basic assumptions. For example, one
commonly forecasted line item is sales growth. Sales growth is recorded as the increase (or decrease) in gross
in the most recent quarter compared to the previous quarter. These are the only two inputs a financial model
needs to calculate sales growth.

The financial modeler creates one cell for the prior year's sales, cell A, and one cell for the current year's
sales, cell B. The third cell, cell C, is used for a formula that divides the difference between cell A and B by
cell A. This is the growth formula. Cell C, the formula, is hard-coded into the model. Cells A and B are input
cells that can be changed by the user.

In this case, the purpose of the model is to estimate sales growth if a certain action is taken or a possible event
occurs.

Of course, this is just one real-world example of financial modeling. Ultimately, a stock analyst is interested
in potential growth. Any factor that affects, or might affect, that growth can be modeled.

Also, comparisons among companies are important in concluding a stock. Multiple models help an investor
decide among various competitors in an industry.

The main objectives of financial modeling are to (1) link a company’s historical financial statements, (2) create
assumptions about how a business will perform in the future, (3) project a financial forecast, (4) value a
business, (5) understand how sensitive the cash flow profile and business valuation are to changes in
assumptions, (6) model different scenarios, and (7) evaluate transactions such as mergers and acquisitions. By
building an abstract representation of a business in Excel, all of the objectives above are achievable.

Scope of the Project –


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The scope of financial modeling applications is very broad, as models are used for a wide
range of decision making – including those related to mergers, acquisitions, capital raising,
internal planning, budgeting, forecasting, investments, and valuation. The scope is further
increased when you start looking at ad hoc analysis, including sensitivity analysis, scenario
analysis, capital projects, return on investment, and IRR. The activities are typically
performed by professionals in private equity, investment banking, corporate development,
equity research, and financial planning & analysis (FP&A).

The scope of Financial modeling is increasing all over the world. Financial modeling is different from financial
accounting & audit jobs. It is not necessary for an individual to have any formal degree to prepare a financial
model instead, it is important to understand the business well something like the revenue drivers or cost
drivers.

India is termed as an immature market because many start-ups and even big companies fail or keep swinging
because they lack financial modeling in their business. Financial modeling services help businesses to make
better decisions also analyze the data more efficiently. So it is important to focus more on modeling the ideas
first and then investing only if the idea looks viable and profitable.

Financial modelers are hired by Banks, Equity Research firms, Credit Rating companies & Project Finance.
They work in the core area because the output of a financial model is used for decision making and performing
financial analysis, whether inside or outside of the company. The tradition of Financial modeling could be
started by anyone in the organization who deals with business development, vendor development, operations,
profitability, MIS, tendering, marketing as they can easily acquire modeling skills.

One of my friends recently used financial model for marketing and sold his product showing the customer that
the product will produce good cash flows. So, the financial model is a very good tool for presenting value
within the things; and what not.
With the nature of businesses getting complex, uncertain, invisible in future, the importance of financial
modeling is increasing. It is believed future of financial modeling is very bright and it is becoming a must-have
skill in today’s world. You may go to the job portals and find that there are a lot of openings which require
financial modeling skill

Salient Contribution of the Project –

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 Financial Modelling is the main core element to take the major business decisions in a corporate
world. Financial models are the most valuable tools for executing business choices to get perfect
solutions. A model can advise you regarding the grade of risk associated with implementing certain
decisions. They can also be utilized to devise an effective financial statement that reflects the finances
and operations of company. These models help online internet businesses take quick decisions more
confidently. In the finance industry, the value of financial modelling is increasing rapidly.

 Financial modeling acts as an important tool which enables business ideas and risks to be estimated in a
cost-effective way.

 Financial modeling is an action of creating attractive representation of a financial situation of company.

 Financial Models are mathematical terms aimed at representing the economic performance of a
 business entity.

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ORGANIZATION PROFILE

ABOUT VARDHAN
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Vardhan Consulting Engineers (“VCE”) is a pioneer organization to fulfill the current
generation needs of students and companies. We offer engineering and management
consultancy services for infrastructure projects.

VCE is founded by group of engineers who have strong academic background with
decades of management experience while working in companies all across the globe.
VCE is providing solutions to the complex engineering, management and financial
issues of clients.

Vardhan Consulting Engineers is established on 10th June 2018

VCE is a consulting company founded by group of engineers who have strong academic
background with decades of management experience while working in companies all across
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the globe. VCE is providing solutions to the complex engineering, management and financial
issues of clients.

We provide engineering and project management consultancy to energy projects.


Specially Solar PV power project (Utility Scale Large Sized Projects), Pyrolysis Projects
( Plastic to Oil ).
Our services includes;

1. Feasibility Analysis, Detailed Project Report, Financial Analysis (IM).


2. Financial Closure through Debt or Private Equity for Project Finance.
3. On-site and Off-site Project Management and EPC-Management Services.
4. Documentation and Transaction Services for Sale of Project.
5. Project Development and Transfer of Rights at NTP.
Our lead consultant have 10+ years of experience in energy sector in India, Philippines, UK,
Cambodia and Thailand. We are specialist in Solar PV projects, we provide tailored made
engineering and management solutions for the clients needs. The details of our previous
clients and projects will be provided on request. Please write email to us on
corporate@techvardhan.com

DEPARTMENTAL DESCRIPTION
As VCE is a new established organisation it has few employees working in different
departments. VCE have different business horizons and revenue sources such as;
 Engineering and Management Consulting.
 Importing and Branding Pearl Jewellery.
 Stock Market and Cross-Currency Trading.
 Insurance and Investment Advisory.
The details of each of the above business activities can be discussed on request. Please send
us an email to corporate@techvardhan.com for more details. From past 3 years we saw a
good growth in our all business and expecting a good returns to all our stakeholders.
Apart from the businesses mentioned above, VCE also believe in give back to the society for
building a greater future of our country. The various initiatives on VCE Society Pay
Back are;

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Vardhan Merit Scholarship
In this initiative, we pay scholarship to poor under-privileged girls and pay their entire
educational expense till class 12th. So that, financial burden never be the reason for them to
drop out from schools. It also encourages the kids to study with more focus. Currently, we
grant Rs. 50,000 (Fifty Thousand Rupees) per year for this. We believe, this amount is
going to increase in future. (Amount Spent so far, Rs. 3.00 Lakhs+ ).

VCE Internships and Training

In this initiative, we select students from various engineering and management colleges and
provide them internship and training. Our internships and training are very unique in nature
and its specially for the students of Core Engineering Sector (Electrical, Mechanical, Civil
and Energy Engineering) and Finance Management for preparing them to corporate / industry
ready. We provide them mentor from the industry. All this is done without taking any fee /
favor from the students. Currently. we grant Rs. 60,000 (Sixty Thousand Rupees) per year
for this. Majority of the amount will be paid as stipend to the best interns as encouragement.
(Stipend Paid so far, Rs. 1.50 Lakhs+).

We provide engineering and management consultancy services for companies in


energy sector. Our specialty is in following projects, please click on the tab to know
our offerings. For more information please contact us on corporate@techvardhan.com.

Solar PV Project

We offer following services for the developers of Large Sized Utility Scale Solar PV Power
Project;
 Feasibility Analysis, Detailed Project Report, Financial Analysis (IM).
 Financial Closure through Debt or Private Equity for Project Finance.
 On-site and Off-site Project Management and EPC-Management Services.
 Documentation and Transaction Services for Sale of Project.
 Project Development and Transfer of Rights at NTP.

Waste to Energy

For the developers of Municipal Solid Wastes Management Units for Municipal Corporation

 Techno-Financial Feasibility Analysis of MSW Unit.


 Engineering designing of segregation, separation and sanitary landfill of waste
components.
 EPC-Management for compost and fertilizer making unit, RDF and MSWM Unit.
 Commercial Analysis of Waste Management Contract and Tipping Fee with
Municipal Corporation.
 Setting up of Pyrolysis Units and Energy Generation Units.

Sustainable Development

For companies and institutions wants to address their carbon foot prints and ready to adopt
sustainable development strategy, we offer following services;

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 Climate Change and Sustainable Development Educational Tour and Sessions.
 Sustainability Reporting and Documentation.
 Sustainable Development Practices, Ideas and Innovation.
 Reducing carbon foot prints strategy.

M&A and PE
If you are looking for Merger and Acquisition or Private Equity for your business growth, we
offer following services;

 Management of complete process (start to finish) of M&A of your company.


 Help in raising funds as debt, private equity or assent management funds for your
project
 Business development and management consultancy for revenue and market
expansion.
 Valuation and Financial Analysis for different projects with different methods.

About VCE Internship


This is an initiative of VCE, we select students from various engineering and management
colleges and provide them internship and training. Our internships and training are very unique in
nature and its specially for the students of Core Engineering Sector (Electrical, Mechanical,
Civil and Energy Engineering) and Finance and HR Management for preparing them to
corporate / industry ready.

We provide them experienced mentor from the industry along with the industry based projects.
But, this is NOT just a CSR activity of VCE, there are other reasons also which gives us the
energy to keep continuing this endeavor for the betterment of society and students.

 The manpower requirement of core sector is huge but it required skilled persons ONLY.
Hence, by providing this internship VCE wants to enhance the skills of young core
engineering graduates.
 The finance sector is highly diversified but also linked to the core knowledge. It creates
lots of confusion in young management students to decide which field of finance that they
should select for career. Hence this internships will help them to have a clear picture.
 Many students didn’t understand that apart from the technical/academic skills, they also
needs corporate skills to enter, survive, sustain and grow in an organisation and hence
they need Corporate Skill Development training provided by VCE.
 Students needed to face the most difficult phase of their life alone, which is the Job Hunt
Phase / Placement Phase and that’s a very stressful phase. VCE want to help the
student in this phase by Pre-Placement Training Program.
 VCE is interested to invest more in education sector. In terms of starting new institutes
which is affordable with world class quality education and hence providing internships
and training will help in getting experience.

This list is complied from the reviews of various interns;

Mentorship

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The biggest benefit and main USP of internship offered by VCE is the mentor provided by
the organization. They provide mentor from industry having 10+ years of hands on
experience and still working. The mentor is highly professional and hence we get the
knowledge of technical, industrial and commercial aspects of our project. Apart from that the
mentor shows huge involvement individually with each intern progress and understanding.

Online and Well Structured

The second cool thing about the internship offered by VCE is that it‟s online and
well structured. We got proper offer letter; proper modules are set along with smart tasks. It
feels like they know what they are offering and how they need to offer. The video sessions,
audio session, Google Classroom and WhatsApp groups for proper spread of information is
good. It lets you feel connected and LIVE.

Motivation and Push

The rule of no relaxation on smart tasks followed by VCE looks very tough in the beginning
then you realize that, getting the next module only when you submit the smart task is the best
and efficient way to maintain the push in the internship. Also, when you start seeing other
guys submitting the task gives you motivation to finish and gain the confidence. Otherwise,
in other internships, interns usually gets the certificate even if they don‟t do their work
properly. At VCE, after getting the certificate of completion and the letter of recommendation
from mentor motivates us to work / think further in the sector.

Flexibility and Extension

This is also a unique feature in this internship that, you can get extensions and you have the
flexibility to pause the internship if any mid-sem or event come in the middle. By this
flexibility one can learn, understand and finish the internship as per the convenience. Hence,
there is NO need to finish the internship anyhow to just get the certificate.

Projects and Detailing

The thing that enticed many of us to join this internship is the projects offered in this
internship and the detailing about those projects in real corporate situations and works. The
projects are not theoretical or study-based project, where you just need to read reports and
make reports. Its based on what actually going on in corporates and energy companies and
hence working on these projects gives you the idea of the work profiles that you can opt
when you want to go for job hunt or placements.

Corporate Skill Development

In the beginning most of us feels that its just another soft skill / personality development
classes, but when you go through the videos and explanations, you should feel the importance
of this program along with the internship. The program tells you that how all the skills are
important along with academics. Either it‟s a listed or non-listed skill. This program
somehow changes your life and the way you look or plan for success.

Post Internship Support

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This is the only organization where they properly guide you about what you should say /
explain to HR / Interviewed if they ask you about your internship and the project work after
you finish your internship, if you mention this internship in your CV. Also, they helped many
students in getting job, preparing for CAT/GATE/GRE, finding good college while study
abroad or in India. Also, in other career/counseling related queries even after the internship is
over.

Proper Usage of Time

In most of the internships that usually done in corporate offices, lot of time got wasted in
traveling, sitting idle, waiting time or other office work, it basically eats up the whole day.
You can‟t even think of doing anything else. That won‟t seem productive. On the other hand,
while doing internship at VCE, even with finishing the tasks on time and going through all
the video and audio sessions, we are able to finish college work, society work and other
responsibilities as well.

We understand that there are many good companies, who pays really good stipend, where
you get introduced to office work culture and having a chance of PPO as well and you should
surely prefer those companies.

But if you don‟t have that internship option ready or you have spare 8 weeks after doing a
corporate internship then interning at VCE is a good option to try, you will never regret.
Knowledge Related Needs
 Industry based projects to choose.
 Experienced mentor from corporate / industry.
 Step-by-Step corporate way of learning on the project topic.
 Interactions, Involvements and Activities (modules, tasks and doubt clearing sessions
through LIVE audio / video calls ).
 Corporate standard analysis and reporting (Final Report).
 Understanding of modeling, simulation and engineering solutions in practical world.
 Learning and developing important corporate skills.
 Flexibility of staying at home, No specific timing ( all recordings are available ).
 Free Career / Admission Counseling and Help.
 Proper internship to bank upon, trustworthy firm with only word to mouth review of
10,000 + candidates from 300+ colleges.

HR-Admin Related Needs


 Specific Offer Letter, Certificate of Completion and Letter of Recommendation and
CSD Completion Certificate with Sign, Seal, Logo and e-Verified Link in HQ PDF
format. So that they can put the certificate in LinkedIn Credentials and print the
certificate and use it to show in college / companies and it looks good, genuine,
authentic and official.
 VCE Team / Mentor should be ready to respond positively on any verification request
from companies / institutions related to the candidature of the intern, who are showing
the certificates they got from this internship.
 Few interns need the original transcript of the certificates to be couriered to their
home address so that they use it as reference for admission abroad and in India for
higher studies. The original transcripts are not the print-out of the PDF. It is the
original print out on our letter head with actual ink signature and ink stamp, which
will be couriered to the successful candidates.

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VCE is committed towards providing the best to the interns in all their needs up-to their
highest level of satisfaction. For that VCE is expanding the team rapidly and improving the
system to cater more and more interns and provide them quality internship. For that we needs
help and support from the candidates and on the same time we won‟t to put additional burden
on deserving knowledge seeking candidates. Therefore, we have three options for the
candidates to Apply.

Option-A
If a candidate wishes to join VCE Internship for his ” Knowledge Related Needs ” ONLY
then this program is ABSOLUTELY FREE for him. He is NOT needed to pay anything to us.
He can join the internship in the upcoming group and start learning. He just need to fill the
application form, NO CV is needed, NO TPO / College reference is needed, NO selection
/rejection process. It will an OPEN LEARNING platform for them. Our team will intimate
them about starting and completion of the program through our official email id.
NOTE : This option is FREE and hence the ” Knowledge Related Needs ” will be 100%
fulfilled more than the satisfaction level of the candidate. BUT, the HR-Admin related needs
is NOT included in this option. So whatever is written in the HR-Admin related needs
WON‟T be provided in this option. Hence, NO Certificates, NO Offer Letter and NO Other
Benefits are included in this option.

Option-B
If a candidate select this option then he/she will can full-fill their ” Knowledge Based Needs ”
as well as ” HR-Admin Based Needs ” completely. Whatever is written in Option-A is
included in this option and many other benefits are also added. The additional/special request
of interns can be catered by payment of small admin fee

OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM TASK UNDERTAKEN

PROBLEM STATEMENT –

• Time consuming approach

• High competition.

• Less number of Managerial Employees.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
• Limited customer base.

• Communication.

OBJECTIVES –

• Growth of professional network

• Well organized and structured company.

• Dedicated, Intelligent and Loyal staff.

• Different business horizons and revenue sources.

• Researching and Managing.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Financial modeling involves combining key accounting, finance, and business metrics to build an abstract
representation, or model, of a company’s financial situation. This exercise helps a company visualize its current
financial position and predict future financial performance.

Financial modeling can be quite handy in a number of situations. It can help inform investment decisions, securities
pricing, and plans for corporate transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures.  

But the most common use of a financial model is for making operational business decisions and performing financial
analysis. Executives typically use financial models to make decisions regarding:

Method of research –

 Budgeting and forecasting

 Organic business growth


 Valuing the company
 Raising capital in the form of debt or equity
 Acquiring new assets or other businesses
 Prioritizing projects
 Distributing the organization’s financial resources
 Divesting or selling assets and business units
 Risk management

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
Type of Research -

The main research that needs to be conducted includes: (1) analyzing historical results
, (2) evaluating market dynamics such as supply and demand, (3) researching competitors, (4) understanding the
company’s management team, their strategy, and vision for the business, (5) evaluating the risks associated with the
company, and (6) planning how to structure the model. Once this research is complete, the model can be built.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

DATA TYPE

Collecting and using the right data sources in financial modeling is crucial to the success of financial
analysis. Financial modeling requires gathering and analyzing lots of information; the collection of data
is a crucial step in creating a financial model. There is a wide range of data that must be used in a
financial model. A company’s historical results are the key input to prepare a three-statement model,
which is the setup for all other financial models.

Management discussion and analysis from corporate filings, industry reports, and research reports of
professional analysts are some of the resources that may improve the accuracy of your forecasting
assumptions. Finally, you need to find the appropriate inputs for your valuation. Knowledge of relevant
data sources is critical for an analyst to develop a precise and up-to-date model.

Data Sources: Company Reports and


Regulatory Filings
Governments place special attention on public companies. There are mandatory reporting standards for public
companies that are regulated by government entities.

Due to its nature, a public company bears a responsibility to its shareholders. Governments regulate the actions of
public companies through mandatory reporting requirements and standards. In accord with existing legislation, public
companies must disclose all material information about their operations and performance.

Companies must prepare an annual report to the shareholders, in which corporate information is disclosed. These
reports include financial data, results of operations, market segment information, new product plans, subsidiary
activities, and research and development activities. The annual reports to shareholders are usually posted on the
company’s website.

In the United States, the primary regulatory entity is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Public
companies must submit their filings to the SEC regularly. SEC filings are comprehensive documents that include
fundamental information about the company and its operations. For the purpose of financial modeling, the most
relevant filings for an analyst are:
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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
Data Collection Tools –

Collecting and using the right data sources in financial modeling is crucial to the success of financial
analysis. Financial modeling requires gathering and analyzing lots of information; the collection of data is a crucial
step in creating a financial model. There is a wide range of data that must be used in a financial model. A company’s
historical results are the key input to prepare a three-statement model, which is the setup for all other financial
models.

Management discussion and analysis from corporate filings, industry reports, and research reports of professional
analysts are some of the resources that may improve the accuracy of your forecasting assumptions. Finally, you need
to find the appropriate inputs for your valuation. Knowledge of relevant data sources is critical for an analyst to
develop a precise and up-to-date model.

Data Sources: Company Reports and Regulatory Filings

Governments place special attention on public companies. There are mandatory reporting standards for public
companies that are regulated by government entities.

Due to its nature, a public company bears a responsibility to its shareholders. Governments regulate the actions of
public companies through mandatory reporting requirements and standards. In accord with existing legislation, public
companies must disclose all material information about their operations and performance.

Companies must prepare an annual report to the shareholders, in which corporate information is disclosed. These
reports include financial data, results of operations, market segment information, new product plans, subsidiary
activities, and research and development activities. The annual reports to shareholders are usually posted on the
company’s website.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

DATA ANALYSIS

COMPANY REPORTS –

CASE -
Techvardhan Infra Pvt. Ltd (Any Company) “CLIENT” has acquired a piece of land near
Gurugram HR and wants to develop it as a residential building having 50 flats of 900 sq. ft each.
They are expecting to sell the flats at a rate of Rs. 4000 / sq.ft. The expected CapEx is Rs. 8
Crore and OpEx is Rs. 50 Lacs / per annum for the whole project. They are seeking a non-
recourse debt (project financing) with 70:30 as D/E ratio from leading commercial banks in
India as a 12 years term loan.
Please prepare a financial model and analyse the cost, revenue and debt repayment along with
finflow / cash flow analysis. Calculate equity IRR and DSCR.

PROJECT COST (CAPITAL EXPENDITURE)


PARTICULARS RATE TOTAL SIZE (SQ. FT.) TOTAL
AMOUNT
Flat 1320 45000 59400000
Interior Decoration 55 45000 2475000
Furniture 120 45000 5400000
Fixtures 5 45000 225000
Building Registration 5 45000 225000

Broker Fee 30 45000 1350000


Stamp Duty 120 45000 5400000
Fund Raising Fee 20 45000 900000
Transfer of Deed Fee 35 45000 1575000
Interest during Moratorium 40 45000 1800000
Loan and Documentation Fee 20 45000 900000
CSR and HSE Training 10 45000 450000

Total Project Cost 80100000

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

O & M COST (MONTHLY BREAKDOWN) (OPERATING EXPENDITURE)


PARTICULARS RATE SIZE (SQ. FT.) TOTAL AMOUNT
Building Maintainence 10 45000 450000
Utilities (Electric+Water+Others) 5 45000 225000
Salary (Security+Accountant) 5 45000 225000
Plumber+Electrician+Misc. etc. 2 45000 90000

Insurance (Per Year) 5 45000 225000


Total O & M Cost 990000

Analysis of the financial model


The Financial Model is prepared in which all the information regarding the Flat
construction and cost and revenue related to the project are given below:
Details of the assumptions made for the Project are-
For Cost,
Capex
Capex is the total investment done for the project company. Investment
breakdown is done in detail:
1)
It is assumed that the total cost incurred on flat will be 74% of the total
capital expenditure which is Rs.
58997050 ,
which means that
the cost
of constructing 1 flat is Rs. 1179941
2)
For interior decoration it will cost 3.7% of the total capex which means
for 1 flat it will cost up to Rs. 58997
3)
For furnishing all the flats it will cost 7.4% of the total capex i.e., 29
lakhs of the total cost.
4)
Fixtures will cost around 2 lakhs which is 0.3% of the total cost.
5)
The fees and the duties which includes Stamp Duty, Broker Fee, Fund
Raising Fee and Transfer fee will contribute 11.8% of the total capex.
6)
Interest during Moratorium is 1.8%, which accounts to approx. Rs. 14
lakhs.
7)
Loan and documentation fee incurred will be 0.7% of capex
8)
CSR, HSE and Training will contribute to 0.3% of Capex.

14
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
 The depreciation is charged at the rate of 7%
 The discount rate for the investments is 10%.

RESULTS
Equity IRR 8.64
Min. DSCR 1.33
Average DSCR 1.73
Project IRR 19.05

The steps involved were: -

1. The revenue is being calculated and other incomes are also added in it.
2. The operation cost is being calculated.
3. The operating cost is subtracted from the Revenue and EBTIDA is being calculated.
4. After this non-operating expenses is been deducted from the EBTIDA.
5. Income before tax is generated.
6. Than tax is been deducted and finally income after tax is calculated.
7. The depreciation is added back to get the final cash flows.

YEAR 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

No. of Flats Left to be Sold 46 42 38 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 2

Revenue (in Million INR) 14. 14. 15.42 15.96 16.52 17.1 17.7 18.32 18.96 19.62 20.31 21.02
4 9

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
DATE 20-Jul-21 20-Jul-25 20-Jul-26 20-Jul-27 20-Jul-28 20-Jul-29 20-Jul-30 20-Jul-31 20-Jul-32 20-Jul-33 20-Jul-34 20-Jul-35 20-Jul-36
No. of Flats to be Sold 50 46 42 38 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 6 2
REVENUE COLLECTION
Revenue Generated Other 14.4 14.9 15.42 15.96 16.52 17.1 17.7 18.32 18.96 19.62 20.31 21.02
Sources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL REVENUE 14.4 14.9 15.42 15.96 16.52 17.1 17.7 18.32 18.96 19.62 20.31 21.02
OPERATING EXPENSES
Building Maintainence 2.7 2.61 2.51 2.39 2.25 2.09 1.9 1.69 1.46 1.19 0.9 0.6
Utilities (Electric+water+others) 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.57 0.51 0.44 0.36 0.27 0.17
Salary (Security+Accountant) 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.57 0.51 0.44 0.36 0.27 0.17
Plumber+Electrician+Misc. etc. 0.54 0.52 0.5 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.29 0.24 0.18 0.11
Insurance 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.05
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 5.02 4.84 4.66 4.45 4.17 3.89 3.53 3.15 2.72 2.22 1.67 1.1

EBITDA 9.38 10.06 10.76 11.51 12.35 13.21 14.17 15.17 16.24 17.4 18.64 19.92

NON OPERATING EXPENSES


Interest Payment 3.32 3.11 2.9 2.67 2.43 2.18 1.91 1.62 1.32 0.99 0.65 0.3
Depreciation 3.8 3.22 2.71 2.26 1.85 1.49 1.17 0.89 0.65 0.43 0.24 0.07
TOTAL NON OPERATING 7.12 6.33 5.61 4.93 4.28 3.67 3.08 2.51 1.97 1.42 0.89 0.37
EXPENSES

INCOME BEFORE TAXES 2.27 3.71 5.15 6.6 8.06 9.55 11.08 12.66 14.29 15.99 17.76 19.55
Tax 0.56 0.92 1.28 1.65 2.01 2.38 2.77 3.16 3.57 3.99 4.44 4.88
NET INCOME 2.83 4.63 6.43 8.25 10.07 11.93 13.85 15.82 17.86 19.98 22.2 24.43
Cash Flow
Equity 24.03
Net Income 2.83 4.63 6.43 8.25 10.07 11.93 13.85 15.85 17.86 19.98 22.2 24.43
Add back depreciation 3.8 3.22 2.71 2.26 1.85 1.49 1.17 0.89 0.65 0.43 0.24 0.07

CSR (0.50 % of Net Income) (-) 0.014 0.023 0.032 0.041 0.050 0.059 0.069 0.079 0.089 0.099 0.111 0.122
Final Project Cashflow (Equity) 6.64 7.87 9.17 10.55 11.97 13.48 15.09 16.82 18.60 20.51 22.55 24.62
Principle Payment 3.31 3.5 3.720 3.950 4.190 4.440 4.710 5.000 5.310 5.630 5.970 6.340
DSCR ---> if(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"",-( if(c30=0,"",-(c2 if(c30=0,"",-(c27+c35)/(cif(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"",-(c27+c35)/(c if(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"",-(c27+cif(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"" if(c30=0,"",

Final Project Cashflow 6.64 7.9 9.170 10.550 11.970 13.480 15.090 16.820 18.600 20.510 22.550 24.620

DEBT PARAMETERS
Debt Amount 56.07
Debt Rate 6.00%
Moratorium 0.50 yrs
Term 12 yrs

(million INR)
DEBT/LOAN YEARLY REPAYMENT SCHEDULE
DATE(EoY) INTEREST PRINCIPLE TOTAL
PAID PAID PAYMENT
31-Jul-26 3.32 3.31 6.62
31-Jul-27 3.11 3.51 6.62
31-Jul-28 2.9 3.72 6.62 16
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
31-Jul-29 2.67 3.95 6.62
31-Jul-30 2.43 4.19 6.62
31-Jul-31 2.18 4.44 6.62
31-Jul-32 1.91 4.71 6.62
31-Jul-33 1.62 5 6.62
31-Jul-34 1.32 5.31 6.62
31-Jul-35 0.99 5.63 6.62
31-Jul-36 0.65 5.97 6.62
31-Jul-37 0.29 6.34 6.62

TOTAL 23.39 56.08 79.44

These were the findings from the final calculations.

The Equity IRR turn out to be 8.64 which is lower than the discount rate so it is clear that the project is not
giving the promising return so investors doesn‟t need to take high risk for such a low return.
The Project IRR is 19.05 which is negative and negative IRR are consider worst for any project so it is clear
that this project is not making the good amount of returns also.
The Min DSCR for the project is 1.33 The average DSCR is 1.73.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
RELEVANT ACTIVITY

DAY WORKING STRUCTURE

Live Introduction Session

Module 1 - It is basically about the Project Finance and the


difference between project finance and corporate finance. It
helped to know the different terms related to project finance.

Update Session ( Live )


Month
1st

Module 2 - It helps to know the assumptions that need to be


kept in mind while preparing a financial model and function
of revenue, cost and debt sheet in financial model and the
steps involved in preparation of fin flow sheet.

Doubt Clearing Session ( Live )

Module 3 - This task helped to know that how a venture is


assessed to qualify as project finance and how revenue models are
prepared for different types of projects either they are residential,
solar PV or PPP projects

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

DAY WORKE PERFORMED

Session regarding development skills program


2nd Month

Doubt Clearing session

Module 4 - This is the last module of the internship and the main
module. A project report and financial model is being prepared in the
project. The project report gives the brief explanation of what the
Project finance, what is the Indian scenario in residential and housing
sector, how to prepare a financial model and how to know the
feasibility of the project and analyzing the project.

Doubt Clearing Session

Last Session

19
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
These were 4 tasks provided to us. Each task has its own importance and each
task gave its own leanings and knowledge. But before starting with the task, the
main task was given to us was regarding the corporate skill development. In
which we have to analyse our skills and measure them, and has to work on the
skills which were not appropriate for us. Starting with the task1 –

Task1- Under this we have to read and work on some basic concepts like the
difference between the finance project and accounting project. The relevance of
project finance with the corporate finance was made. Then I was able to learn or
you can say I was able to recall various finance terminologies like Amortization,
Angel Investor, Annuity, Bond, IRR, NPV, Sunk cost, Future Value and many
more. Then though this task I was able to learn that infrastructure, mining and
transportation, etc. comes under finance project.

Learnings: I get to know about the finance project that it is used for particular
long- term project through a Non- recourse source. This means that the investor
has no resources to invest except the cash flow of the project and collateral of that
project. The investor will only invest in that project which will give him profit.
Risk and the returns of these types of projects is low. The sector having low
market volatility and reasonably predictable market is suitable for these types of
projects such as Infrastructure, mining and transportation.

Task2- A financial model was provided to us which was related to the selling of
flats in Hyderabad which were 3000 sq ft in total.

Through this we were able to learn how to prepare a financial model with cost
sheet, revenue sheet and the debt flows. The cost sheet includes all the building,
infrastructure and maintenance cost and also the operation cost. All this cost was
calculated per sq ft. and then total cost was calculated.

The revenue sheet consists of all the income earned to the project. This includes
the rent income and other incomes. After that appreciation is applied and the rent
is calculated for the coming 25 years (this can be done for any no. of coming

20
years). All the revenue is sum up.
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
3 sheet was a debt sheet which show the amount of loan taken from the band
rd

and the no of installments to be paid. The time period within which the loan will
be repaid along with the interest amount.

The 4th sheet was of the finflow, which tells about the FCFF with the revenue of
the project. From EBITDA the interest and depreciation are deducted to get EBT
(i.e earning before tax). From EBT, tax rate is deducted to get at PAT (i.e. Profit
after tax).

The method of calculating the FCFF includes adding back the depreciation amount,
deduct the principal payment. But the CSR is calculated on total income. It is the duty
of banks to check the financial position of the business

To know that whether the company is able to pay back its loan or not. The bank must
need to be sure that there is no amount of risk involved at all. This is way I have
analyzed all the modeling of the project and calculate IRR & DSCR to arrive at the
future cash flow.

Learnings: Through this assignment I was able to learn how to analyze the financial
model.

Task3- I was able to learn the various terms like NPV, IRR, DSCR, Debt repayment,
Inflation, depreciation, revenue and cost. I was able to learn and understand the basic
concepts and the conditions of the project. Different types of the ventures were also
studied like solar power, infrastructure, utilities and etc. various factors are taken into
consideration while approving the finance project. There factors are the assessment of
the promoter history and background, evaluation of the company and project business
model, legal obligations, and analysis of the financial statements and the structure. Then
the revenue model for the solar power, real estate was studied in detail their revenue
sources were analyzed.

Learning: I was able to learn all the aspects of the finance project.

Task4A- We got various cases under this task. I choose the case of constructing
residential building having 50 flats of 900 sq. ft each.

Learnings: with this I was able to prepare a financial model by my own. It requires

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

PROJECT DETAILS
Size in sq. ft. 4000
Equity 30%
Debt 70%
Debt Service Reserve (DSR) 0.25 yrs. Total No. of
Flats 50
Total Cost (in million) 80.1
Total Debt (in million) 56.07
Total Equity (in million) 24.03

ASSUMPTIONS
Inflation 5.20% Debt Rate 6.00% USD/INR 74.65
DDT 0.00% Moratorium 0.5 yrs DISCOUNT 10% Tax
CONSTRUCTION
Holiday 0 Debt Tenure 12 yrs TIME 4yrs
Tax Rate 25% Depreciation 7.00% MAT 15.00%
These are some of the assumptions which had been taken for the estimation of Cash flows, IRR and DSCR.
 Inflation rate is taken to be 5.20% by seeing the current economic situations.
 Tax rate is taken to be 25%
 Debt rate is 6%.

22
LEARNING
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY ME

• Understanding and Analysis of Data

• Corporate Skill development Program

• Pre Placement training program

• Creating Financial model in Excel

It is difficult to write this part of the project as everything is up-to date in this organization. But

still some negative areas are there on which the organization can work to make the company

better. They are as follows –

• Aggressive marketing can be done to acquire more market percentage.

• New methods of Optimization

•Administration can be improved.

• Business expansion need to be done as the company needs to famous more.

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
CONTRIBUTION
I am really glad that I got the opportunity to do an internship in Vardhan Consulting
Engineers. It was the moment I will always cherish. This internship was my first step to the
corporate world. I would like to give my gratitude towards the mentor Mr. Ashish S Kumar .
He was my constant support during my tenure of internship in Vardhan Consulting Engineers
he is my first teacher and boss in the practical world. I learned a lot from him and I will
always keep in my mind the lessons he gave us.

My summer internship mentor Dr.Sunil Kumar Verma Sir was very helpful. Even though the
whole procedure was online but he gave us his extra efforts so that we won't loose any chance
to learn. I would like to share my gratitude towards his for his constant support. Without his
support we won't be able to complete this report.

Project finance is the funding (financing) of long-term infrastructure, industrial projects, and
public services using a non-recourse or limited recourse financial structure. The debt and
equity used to finance the project are paid back from the cash flow generated by the project.

Project financing is a loan structure that relies primarily on the project's cash flow for
repayment, with the project's assets, rights, and interests held as secondary collateral. Project
finance is especially attractive to the private sector because companies can fund major
projects off-balance sheet.

Cash flows generated by the SPV must be sufficient to cover payments for operating costs
and to service the debt in terms of capital repayment and interest. Because the priority use of
cash flow is to fund operating costs and to service the debt, only residual funds after the latter
are covered can be used to pay dividends to sponsors undertaking the project.

The cash flows generate in these projects are totally dependent upon the economy and project
is going to react. Usually they are high investment project for the long period.

It is not always true that the projects which giving good amount of revenue will lead to a
successful project.

There are many factors on which the cost and life of the project is dependent.

The negative IRR is really bad for the projects and will lead to make loss so the investors
need to decide how much risk he/she is interested in taking in for the project.

From the following report and analysis it can be conclude that there is difference between the
theoretical and practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more when
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
practical work is done. As, we get more knowledge in such a situation where we have great
experience doing the practical work. On the basis of financial model being provide in the
module 2 of the project I am being able to understanding the concept of financial modeling.

REFERENCES
Websites -

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialmodeling.asp

https://techvardhan.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
ANNEXURE

Company Product services portfolio –

We offer following services for the developers of Large Sized Utility Scale Solar PV Power Project;
 Feasibility Analysis, Detailed Project Report, Financial Analysis (IM).
 Financial Closure through Debt or Private Equity for Project Finance.
 On-site and Off-site Project Management  and EPC-Management Services.
 Documentation and Transaction Services for Sale of Project.
 Project Development and Transfer of Rights at NTP.

For the developers of Municipal Solid Wastes Management Units for Municipal Corporation

 Techno-Financial Feasibility Analysis of MSW Unit.


 Engineering designing of segregation, separation and sanitary landfill of waste components.
 EPC-Management for compost and fertilizer making unit, RDF and MSWM Unit.
 Commercial Analysis of Waste Management Contract and Tipping Fee with Municipal Corporation.
 Setting up of Pyrolysis Units and Energy Generation Units.

f you are looking for Merger and Acquisition or Private Equity for your business growth, we offer following
services;

 Management of  complete process (start to finish) of M&A of your company.


 Help in raising funds as debt, private equity or assent management funds for your project
 Business development and management consultancy for revenue and market expansion.
 Valuation and Financial Analysis for different projects with different methods.

For companies and institutions wants to address their carbon foot prints and ready to adopt sustainable
development strategy, we offer following services;

 Climate Change and Sustainable Development Educational Tour and Sessions.


 Sustainability Reporting and Documentation.
 Sustainable Development Practices, Ideas and Innovation.
 Reducing carbon foot prints strategy.
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
CONCLUSION
I am really glad that I got the opportunity to do an internship in Vardhan Consulting
Engineers. It was the moment I will always cherish. This internship was my first step to the
corporate world. I would like to give my gratitude towards the mentor Mr. Ashish S Kumar .
He was my constant support during my tenure of internship in Vardhan Consulting Engineers
he is my first teacher and boss in the practical world. I learned a lot from him and I will
always keep in my mind the lessons he gave us.

My summer internship mentor Dr.Sunil Kumar Verma Sir was very helpful. Even though the
whole procedure was online but he gave us his extra efforts so that we won't loose any chance
to learn. I would like to share my gratitude towards his for his constant support. Without his
support we won't be able to complete this report.

Project finance is the funding (financing) of long-term infrastructure, industrial projects, and
public services using a non-recourse or limited recourse financial structure. The debt and
equity used to finance the project are paid back from the cash flow generated by the project.

Project financing is a loan structure that relies primarily on the project's cash flow for
repayment, with the project's assets, rights, and interests held as secondary collateral. Project
finance is especially attractive to the private sector because companies can fund major
projects off-balance sheet.

Cash flows generated by the SPV must be sufficient to cover payments for operating costs
and to service the debt in terms of capital repayment and interest. Because the priority use of
cash flow is to fund operating costs and to service the debt, only residual funds after the latter
are covered can be used to pay dividends to sponsors undertaking the project.

The cash flows generate in these projects are totally dependent upon the economy and project
is going to react. Usually they are high investment project for the long period.

It is not always true that the projects which giving good amount of revenue will lead to a
successful project.

There are many factors on which the cost and life of the project is dependent.

The negative IRR is really bad for the projects and will lead to make loss so the investors
need to decide how much risk he/she is interested in taking in for the project.

From the following report and analysis it can be conclude that there is difference between the
theoretical and practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more when
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
practical work is done. As, we get more knowledge in such a situation where we have great
experience doing the practical work. On the basis of financial model being provide in the
module 2 of the project I am being able to understanding the concept of financial modeling.
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT BOOKLET

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