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Electrical installations Lecture #7

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Tanta University Taif University
Faculty of Engineering
Electric Power and Machines Department

Electrical installations
Lecture #7

Dr. Ayman Hoballah

Collected: 2017
1
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
Example 1: A room that is 8 m x 15 m receiving an average luminance level of 300 lux
at the working plane 2.55 bellow the lamps. The reflectances on the ceiling, wall and
floor are 80%, 50% and 30% respectively. If the available luminaries are 2*24 watt with
luminous flux per lamp of 1800 Lumen and light loss factor is 0.58. The room
utilization factor can be obtained from the presented table.
a) How many luminaries are required?
b) Calculate the total feeding power.
c) Distribute the luminaries and calculate the ratio between each adjutant lamps in the
room directions?

Room Reflectance's Room index

Ceiling Wall Floor 0.6 0.8 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4

0.8 0.73 0.82 0.91 0.98 1.03 1.09 1.14 1.17 1.2
0.8 0.5 0.3 0.46 0.57 0.66 0.75 0.82 0.91 0.98 1.03 1.09
0.3 0.37 0.47 0.56 0.65 0.73 0.82 0.9 0.96 1.03
0.5 0.44 0.54 0.62 0.70 0.76 0.84 0.90 0.95 1.0
0.5 0.3 0.3 0.36 0.46 0.64 0.62 0.69 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.95
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
 The room index factor = L*W/(L+W)*H= 15*8/(15+8)* 2.55 =2
 From the table with reflection on the ceiling, wall and floor are 80%, 50% and 30%
 The utilization factor = 0.91
 Total No of N luminaires can be obtained from the relation:

𝑬∗𝑨 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗(𝟖∗𝟏𝟓) 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

N = = = =19 ~=20
𝑳𝑳𝑭∗𝑪𝑼∗𝒏∗∅ 𝟎.𝟓𝟖∗𝟎.𝟗𝟏∗𝟐∗𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟖

 The total power = 20 *(2*24) = 40*24 =960 watt

 The lamps can be distributed 4*5 = 20 lamps
 The ratio = d/h=2/3 = 0.66 15 meter
3 meter

2 meter

8 meter
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
Lambert Inverse Law: to evaluate the illumination level at the
working plane after allocation of luminaires
∅ ∅ ∅ 𝐼
𝐸= = , I = 𝐸 = E1=(R2/R1)²*E2
𝐴 𝑤𝑅 2 𝑤 𝑅2
‫شدة االستضاءة عند سطح معين تتناسب عكسيا مع مربع المسافة‬
‫العمودية بين المنبع و السطح و طرديا مع شدة اضاءة المنبع‬
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
Example 2: You measure
10.0 lm/m² from a light
bulb at 1.0 meter. What will
the flux density be at half
the distance?

If the light fall by an angle, the

illumination will be:
𝐼
𝐸𝐴 = 2
𝐷1
𝐼
𝐸𝐵 = 2 cos 𝜃 D2
𝐷2
For many source the D1
summation will be used to
calculate the illumination B
A
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
Example 2: Coredoor is illuminated with 4 fluorescent fixtures at 5 meter from the floor.
The distance between any two adjacent lamps is 10 meter. Each fixture has a luminous
intensity of 200 cd in all direction. Calculate the illumination at the floor direct bellow each
fixture and at points midway between each two fixtures.

1 d=10 m 2 4 5

D1
D2 D3=D2 D4=D1
h=5 m

P1 P2 P3 P5 P6 P7
P4

4 𝐼 4 𝐼
𝐸𝑝 = 𝑖=1 𝐷2 cos 𝜃𝑖 = 𝑖=1 ℎ2 (cos 𝜃𝑖 )3
𝑖
 Lighting Calculation ‫مبادئ التصميم‬
1 d=10 m 2 4 5

D1
D2 D3=D2 D4=D1
h=5 m

P1 P2 P3 P5 P6 P7
P4
𝐼 ℎ 𝐼 ℎ 1 1 1
𝐸𝑝4 = 2 ∗ 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 = 2 * ( 𝐷2 𝐷 ) + ( 𝐷2 𝐷 ) =2 ∗ h ∗ I(𝐷3 + 𝐷3) = 2*200*5*( 3
1 1 2 2 1 2 52 +152
1
+ 3 )= 6.16 lux
52 +52

𝐸𝑝1 = 𝐸𝑝7 =

𝐸𝑝2 = 𝐸𝑝6 =

𝐸𝑝3 = 𝐸𝑝5 =
lighting Design using Software
lighting Design using Software
Many Softwares are used for lux calculation such
as Dialux, Relux and Easylux from Nardeen.

Stcar
t
lighting Design using Software

Select
lighting Design using Software

Select
lighting Design using Software

Room
C/C

Select
lighting Design using Software
Specify type of lamp, number and lux level
lighting Design using Software

Select
lighting Design using Software
lighting Design using Software
lighting Design using Software
lighting Design using Software
The main steps which used during the calculations by the Dialux
(DIALux) software are presented as follow:
Step 1: Insert the required data Length (L), Width (W), Height (H) per
meter. As shown in figure
lighting Design using Software
Step 2: Insert the reflection factor material
lighting Design using Software
Step 3: Select luminaries from catalogs (e.g. Philips catalog).
lighting Design using Software
Step 4: Click insert luminaries field, insert the required lux which known
from knowing the type of room & the Egyptian code determine that
 Lighting Design using
Software
Step 5: Then the output of the program will be the distribution of
luminaries and distribution of light
 Lighting Design using
Software

• Download Dialux and Easylux

• Solve some of problems in the
sheets and compare the results
 Sheet No. 3
1.Estimate the electric power required for a building consists of 12 level. Each level has
a single flat with 200 m2.
2.A single phase, 1.5 HP, 0.85 lagging power factor and 80% efficiency air condition
supplied from 200 Volt. Calculate the rated current used in cable selection.(7.5 A)
3.Estimate the total demand of a building consists of 10 levels. Three levels with
average area of 200 m2 each are commercial with load consumptions per unit area of
70 watt for lighting, 50 watt for sockets and 80 watt for air conditions. The rest of
building is considered as offices of 100 m2 with power consumptions per unit area of
40 watt for lighting, 50 watt for sockets and 60 watt for air conditions.
4.A Residence Consumer has 10 lamps of 600 W. Only 9 bulbs are used at the same
time. Calculate the demand factor.
5.A small home with the following electrical loads: 6 KW water heater, 10 KW electric
oven, 12 KW central air conditioner- 8 KW closes dryer, 3 KW Dish-washer, 10 KW
other appliances. Calculate the demand factor if – Peak Demand = 25 kW.
 Sheet No. 3
6.Consider that five loads are supplied from main feeder as given in the
table.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Load 1 200 70 70 80 70
Load 2 50 100 55 100 60
Load 3 40 50 85 24 30
Load 4 60 30 60 95 50
Load 5 30 60 30 60 75
Calculate the diversity factor of the feeder if the max.
7.A building contains the following outlets:
• 1- lighting load of 75 KVA with unity power factor
• 2- 30 socket circuits, each circuits consists of 6 socket of rating 2
Amp.
• 3- 10 on/off heaters, each heater rating is 1.5 KVA with unity
power factor
Calculate the total electric load considering load diversity when: A - the
Building is a residential, B – the Building is a commercial.
 Sheet No. 3
8. For the four individual
feeder-circuits with
connected loads as shown
in the figure . Calculate
the required transformer
KVA when the diversity
factor is 1.0 and 1.5
9.A 900 m2 building consists of basement, floor 1, floor 2 and ten
similar residential levels. Each level contains 5 similar flats. There are 4
similar elevators with rated power of 12 Kw/elevator. Two main water
pumps of similar rate power of 20 HP with 80 % efficiency. Additional
pump in the basement with rated power 5 HP and 90 % efficiency.
Estimate the rated power of the required transformer. Assume the
power consumption per 100 m2 are 12, 15, 5 KVA for residential flats,
floors and basement respectively. Assume all machines have 0.85
lagging power factor.
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