Gen. Vicente Alvarez St.

, Zamboanga City
Senior High School Unit
Local nos. (062) 991 – 4277, (062) 991 – 1676, Telefax: 992 – 3045

Name: Tuñacao, John Carlo E. Date submitted: April 22, 2022

Grade & Section: Grade 11 – STEM HEISENBERG Score: __________________

LONG TEST – Fourth Quarter

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer the items below to the best of your ability using the answer sheet intended for this assessment. PLAGIRIZED
RESPONSES ARE CONSIDERED WRONG.
2. Make use of BLUE font color for your answers.
3. Submit the PDF file of your paper on or before the set time due in your Google classroom.

Free Response Questions

1. Define what is an outgroup in an evolutionary relationship. Include an illustration to justify your answer. [10 pts]
In a revolutionary connection, an outgroup is a group of organisms, also known as a taxon or lineage, that acts as
the preference collection for determining the evolutionary relationship of the ingroup's organisms. The organisms
in the outgroup are less closely related to those in the ingroup.

A B C D

INGROUP

OUTGROUP

2. Fill in the DATA TABLE below by placing an “X” in the box if the animal has the characteristic:
[5 pts]
ANIMALS Jaws Lungs Claws/nails Feathers Fur and mammary TOTAL
glands of Xs:
LIZARD x x x 3
HAGFISH 0
PERCH x 1
MOUSE x x x x 4
CHINPANZEE x x x x 4
PIGEON x x x x 4
SALAMANDER x x 2

3. Using the matrix in item 2, draw a Cladogram below to illustrate the ancestry of these 7 animals in the correct
order. The diagram should reflect all the derived characteristics from the data table, including feathers. [10 pts]

Hagfish Perch Salamander Lizard Pigeon Chimpanzee

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Mouse
 Feathers

Fur and
mammary
glands
Claws or nails
Lungs

Jaws

4. Using the representative animals in item 2, make a dichotomous key in identifying and classifying these
organisms. [10 pts]

1a. The animal has Jaws……………………………. Go to 2

1b. The animal doesn’t have jaws………………… Hagfish

2a. The animal has lungs…………………………….. Go to 3

2b. The animal has no lungs………………………… Perch

3a. The animal has claws or nails…………………… Go to 4

3b. The animal has no claws or nails……………….. Salamander

4a. The animal has feathers…………….................... Pigeon

4b. The animal has no feathers………………………. Go to 5

5a. The animal has fur and mammary glands…….. Go to 6

5b. The animal has no fur and mammary glands… Lizard

6a. The animal has claws………………………………. Mouse

6a. The animal has nails………………………………… Chimpanzee

5. The kidney is an osmoregulator and it plays a vital role in homeostasis. Bearing this fact in mind, read the
following excerpt which contains some findings made by a doctor.

“Some young children pass through a developmental stage in which they sometimes urinate whilst asleep rather
than awaking before this happens (i.e. they wet the bed). Some possible treatments can be carried out “

In each of the three treatments below, give a brief explanation of the body mechanism that is being altered to
prevent bed-wetting.

(a) Using a special pad in the bed which, as soon as it is dampened by a little bit of urine, rings a bell loudly to
wake the child. [5 pts]
 With the sound or vibration caused by the bell ringing it will send a shock to the child’s brain allowing
the child to wake up. As soon as the child wakes up, it will continue urinating in the proper place such as
the comfort room.
(b) Giving the child medicine in the evening to reduce the blood supply to the kidney [5 pts]
 Pills act by lowering the volume of urine generated by the kidneys in the body at night. This means that
during the night, the bladder holds less urine.
(c) Not having a drink before bedtime. [5 pts]
 The water we drink is absorbed by our blood, which is then filtered by our kidneys. Too much water can
cause the kidneys to filter more water from the blood, resulting in increased urine output. The kidney's

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 urine output will be reduced if you do not drink any water at night. As a result, the child will be unable to
urinate while sleeping.

6. (a) The skin of a skinny man can help regulate his body temperature when the climate turns unfavorable to him.
Explain this statement. [5 pts]
 A skinny man's skin is significantly more efficient, and it can respond to the weather to help keep his
body temperature stable. Skinny or slim people sweat more easily in hot weather, which helps to
eliminate extra heat that has been keeping the body warm. As a result, the body warms up and becomes
more stable. A slim man, on the other hand, shivers more. When the hypothalamus transmits nerve
impulses to the skeletal muscles, the muscles contract quickly and generate heat. Shivering causes the
body temperature to rise.
(b) Suppose the skinny man is bald. Suggest a reason why wearing a hat is recommended when the air
temperature is very low. [5 pts]
 The reason why bald persons should wear a hat when the air temperature is really cold is because they
lack hairs on their heads that can help them feel warm. They can protect their heads from the cold and
trap the heat inside to keep them warm by wearing a hat.
(c) Give one way in which heat is produced and one way in which heat is lost in mammals other than through the
skin and sweating. [5 pts]
 One way in which heat is produced in mammals is through excessive physical activities. Because our
body is busy and our heart rate is up during physical activities, your body heat rises, and as a result, your
body sweats, which is our natural way of cooling down. Drinking water is one way inn which heat is lost
in mammals. The regular intake of fluids can also prevent dehydration, which can increase body heat.

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