Task 1

a) Theories, principles and models of learning:

In education and learning there are many important theories and principles which represent
different types of learning preferences and styles. These have been discussed below-

Behaviourism: This theory is about the teacher conditioning the learners to behave in a certain
way rather than them using their own thoughts and feelings. In such theory, learning is measured
by the change of behaviour, which is modified or conditioned by external influences. In this
theory, the responsibility for student learning rests squarely with the teacher (Clark, 2018).

Cognitive Theory:

This theory highlights the approach of problem solving and enhancing the thinking abilities of
the student. With the help of this theory the students identified the solutions to their issues with
their own thinking abilities (McSparron, 2019). It has been seen that in this theory, new materials
are presented in a systematic approach, which is connected, to the existing cognitive structure in
a meaningful manner. This theory is a very helpful or inquiry oriented project and for increasing
curiosity. This can be very helpful for the students to increase their abilities of thinking and
cognitive skills.

Social learning theory:

This theory grows out of cognitive theory. This particular theory is related with observation and
experience. Social learning is conducted through the observation as well as experience of the
learner. According to this theory, the learners acquire and learn new skills and behaviour by
observing others and through their own experiences. In a classroom, it has been observed that if
the teacher praises a certain type of behaviour, then the students are more likely to persist the
behaviour for so long, on the other hand, if a certain behaviour is punished then the students tend
to eliminate such behaviour. This type of learning is very impactful and it impacts upon the
behaviour and attitude of the learner for a long term.

The key learning principles are –

Participation: Active participation of all the learners are very important and they must be
encouraged

Repetition: Lessons me be practiced repeatedly

Relevance: The content must be meaningful for the students

Transference: The learning must be able to apply in the actual job

Feedback: Feedback must be given to the learners for making progress.

b) Explanation of theories, principles and models application on teaching assessment

The learning and teaching theories develop teaching ability. It provides particle classroom
applications in the assessment of the students behaviors and activities. The classroom
applications are-

Behaviourism:

According to the behavior of the students, the rewards and punishments are allotted. For the
good behavior to maintain the time management and obedient students provide rewards. The
responsibilities of students’ learning are highly structured. The learners who are engaged in
behavioral feelings and thoughts as a teacher provide better learning to them. Learning is the
process to change the students' behavior and modify them to a better version. The external
influences help to recognize the students' behavior and focus on learning. The feedback process
improves the progress of students’ behavioral characteristics (Saari, 2019). A teacher observes
the student's psychological and unethical activities and modifies them to ethical behavior.

Cognitive Theory:

The students are always asking queries related to many subjects and other activities. The
enthusiastic nature of the student makes a difference to others. Curiosity generates learning new
things or materials and applying them to practical life. It provides a better learning process to the
students and as a teacher encourages students to ask queries. The hypothesis of the possibilities
should test. After testing the hypothesis comes in a solution (Xu, 2018). It provides product
knowledge and a better understanding of things. The progress of the students is evaluated or
assessed through this kind of activity. Those students are asking many questions or testing more
hypotheses. They have a higher probability to make success in their life. Because they can know
the entire thing with personal experiences.

Social learning theory:

This theory actively looks towards effective suggestion making properties. The assessment test
provides problematic situations and asks them for the proper solution. As a teacher evaluate the
thinking process of each student. The identification of better suggestions should be marked by
the teacher (Durak, 2017). Through a proper discussion with students identify the personal
thought process for the society and environmental process. The best part is doing collaborative
learning by sharing ideas. The opportunities and expectations are met for each student.
Reference:
Clark, K.R., 2018. Learning theories: behaviorism.

Durak, G., 2017. Using social learning networks (SLNs) in higher education: Edmodo through
the lenses of academics. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning,
18(1), pp.84-109.

McSparron, J.I., Vanka, A. and Smith, C.C., 2019. Cognitive learning theory for clinical
teaching. The clinical teacher, 16(2), pp.96-100.

Saari, A., 2019. Out of the box: behaviourism and the mangle of practice. Discourse: Studies in
the Cultural Politics of Education, 40(1), pp.109-121.

Xu, Z. and Shi, Y., 2018. Application of constructivist theory in flipped classroom—take college
English teaching as a case study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(7), pp.880-887.